Ink-jet printing for patterning engineering surfaces

This work explored the use of industrial drop-on-demand inkjet printing for masking steel surfaces on engineering components, followed by chemical etching, to produce patterned surfaces. A solvent-based ink was printed on to mild steel samples and the influences of substrate topography and substrate temperature were investigated. Contact angle measurements were used to assess wettability. Regular patterns of circular spots (∼60 /on diameter) and more complex mask patterns were printed. Variation of the substrate temperature had negligible effect on the final size of the printed drops or on the resolution achieved. Colored optical interference fringes were observed on the dried ink deposits and correlated with film thickness measurements by whitelight interferometry.

Cytogenetics, morphology and evolution of four subspecies of the Giant Sheep argali (Ovis ammon) of Asia

Dalai-lamae (Ovis ammon dalai-lamae), Gobi (O. a. darwini), Kara Tau (O. a. nigrimontana) and Tibetan (O. a. hodgsoni) argali share a 2n = 56 diploid chromosome number and a karyotype consisting of 2 pairs of biarmed and 25 pairs of acrocentric autosomes, a large acrocentric X and a minute Y chromosome. The Giemsa-banding patterns of the largest pair of biarmed chromosomes were identical to those of the largest biarmed chromosomes in all wild sheep and domestic sheep of the genus Ovis. The banding patterns of the second pair of biarmed chromosomes (metacentric) were identical to the third pair of biarmed chromosomes in Ovis with 2n = 54 and to the third largest pair of chromosomes in the 2n = 52 karyotype of Siberian snow sheep (O. nivicola). The G-banded karyotypes of dalai-lamae, darwini, hodgsoni and nigrimontana are consistent with all subspecies of argali (O. ammon), except that the Y chromosome is acrocentric instead of metacentric as typical of the argaliform wild sheep and Ovis. The Dalai-lamae and Tibetan argali specimens exhibit the light-colored, long-haired ruffs and body coloration typical of argalis from the Tibetan Plateau. The Gobi argali, from the extreme western Gobi, is similar to the dark phase argali.

Histology and hormonal effect of Ghrelin on ovary of Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) in order to study sexual maturity, zygote and larval generation

Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) is valuable fish that Khuzastan fisheries office propagated it artificially in Susangerd Fish Propagation Center every year. Pituitary gland is used for this aim but female fish lost their fertilization power after 2-3 years, so in present research, new hormone, that is called Ghrelin. The aims of this research are histology, hormonal, zygote and larval generation studies and comparing the results with each other. Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptidyl hormone which increases GTH-II in fish, amphibian, and birds and mammalian so its effect on Benni sexual maturation was studied. Human Ghrelin (hGRL) was obtained from ANASPEC, Canada, with 28 amino acids. In the present study, three levels of ghrelin including 0 (sham treatments), 0.10 (treatment 1) and 0.15 μg/g (treatment 2) body wt and one level of pituitary gland 4000 μg/g (pituitary treatment) with two replications were used. 56 specimens were injected intraperitonealy and their ghrelin level was evaluated immediately after injection and after 24 h. Control fish(n=16) were just injected by physiological saline. For hormonal studies sham and experimental fish(n=40) were anesthetized with MS-222 at a concentration of 250 mg l-1, and blood samples were collected and kept at 4ْC, then spun to collect serum. Serum samples were stores at -20ْC until the RIA for CTH-II. For histology studies immediately after injection a piece of ovary was collected from control fish (Sham zero) after being anesthetized. The sampled ovaries were fixed in Buin solution and embedded in paraffin, and stained to Sections of 5–6 μm using haematoxylin and eosin. The ovarian samples were performed with a compound microscope. Histology and micrometry studies had done. The mature oocytes had given from mature fish, then weighted and the working fecundity were counted. The mature oocytes fertilized, the eggs were incubated and the percentage of fertilization was calculated. After 72h the eggs hatched and the percentage of hatch was counted. The percentage of hindrance was calculated after 6 days. Hormonal results indicate that ghrelin and pituitary increase significantly the GTH-II level in comparison to sham. Macroscopic observations (before taking ovary) showed that ovaries with green colored have couple oval structure located in the abdominal cavity. Microscopic studies of dissected ovaries indicated simultaneous growth of 127 oocytes with 6 stages. The type of the ovary is asynchronous. The results indicated that both of the ghrelin treatment increased the percentage of mature follicles followed by decrease of immature follicles. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the number of mature and immature follicles. Average diameter of follicle in both of the ghrelin treatment was significantly (P<0.05) declined in the stages of the vitellogenesis when the result compared to the other treatment. Just treatment 1 and pituitary treatment can give mature oocytes. The fecundity of pituitary treatment significantly increase in comparision to ghrelin treatment (P<0.05). In food-restricted fish where endogenous ghrelin levels are known to be increased, a chronic administration of ghrelin induces overt negative effect in releasing mature oocytes. The percentage of fertilization was significantly increase (P<0.05) in ghrelin t. in comparison to pituitary t. and the percentage of hatch was significantly increase (P<0.05) in pituitary t. in comparison to ghrelin t. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in terms of percentage of hindrance between treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ghrelin has positive effect on the level of GTH-II, oocyte maturation, ovarian vitellogenesis and the number of mature follicles of Barbus sharpeyi ovary. Increasing of the mature follicles number reduces their average diameter, indicating stimulating effect of ghrelin in sexual maturation of Barbus sharpeyi.The ghrelin and pituitary treatment have equal chance in the post-stage of spawning.

Occlusive Components Analysis

We study unsupervised learning in a probabilistic generative model for occlusion. The model uses two types of latent variables: one indicates which objects are present in the image, and the other how they are ordered in depth. This depth order then determines how the positions and appearances of the objects present, specified in the model parameters, combine to form the image. We show that the object parameters can be learnt from an unlabelled set of images in which objects occlude one another. Exact maximum-likelihood learning is intractable. However, we show that tractable approximations to Expectation Maximization (EM) can be found if the training images each contain only a small number of objects on average. In numerical experiments it is shown that these approximations recover the correct set of object parameters. Experiments on a novel version of the bars test using colored bars, and experiments on more realistic data, show that the algorithm performs well in extracting the generating causes. Experiments based on the standard bars benchmark test for object learning show that the algorithm performs well in comparison to other recent component extraction approaches. The model and the learning algorithm thus connect research on occlusion with the research field of multiple-causes component extraction methods.

Mixing and internal dynamics of droplets impacting and coalescing on a solid surface.

The coalescence and mixing of a sessile and an impacting liquid droplet on a solid surface are studied experimentally and numerically in terms of lateral separation and droplet speed. Two droplet generators are used to produce differently colored droplets. Two high-speed imaging systems are used to investigate the impact and coalescence of the droplets in color from a side view with a simultaneous gray-scale view from below. Millimeter-sized droplets were used with dynamical conditions, based on the Reynolds and Weber numbers, relevant to microfluidics and commercial inkjet printing. Experimental measurements of advancing and receding static contact angles are used to calibrate a contact angle hysteresis model within a lattice Boltzmann framework, which is shown to capture the observed dynamics qualitatively and the final droplet configuration quantitatively. Our results show that no detectable mixing occurs during impact and coalescence of similar-sized droplets, but when the sessile droplet is sufficiently larger than the impacting droplet vortex ring generation can be observed. Finally we show how a gradient of wettability on the substrate can potentially enhance mixing.

Comparative investigation on spindle behavior and MPF activity changes during oocyte maturation between gynogenetic and amphimictic crucian carp

The spindle behavior and MPF activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimictic colored crucian carp. MPF activity was measured by using histone I-Il as phosphorylation substrate. There were two similar oscillatory MPF kinase activity changes during oocyte maturation in two kinds of fishes with different reproductive modes, but there existed some subtle difference between them. The subtle difference was that the first peak of MPF kinase activity was kept to a longer-lasting time in the gynogenetic silver crucian carp than in the amphimictic colored crucian carp. It was suggested that the difference may be related to the spindle behavior changes, such as tripolar spindle formation and spindle rearrangement in the gynogenetic crucian carp.

Influence of fluorine on radiation-induced charge trapping in the SIMOX buried oxides

Charge trapping in the fluorinated SIMOX buried oxides before and after ionizing radiation has been investigated by means of C-V characteristics. Radiation-induced positive charge trapping which results in negative shift of C-V curves can be restrained by implanting fluorine ions into the SIMOX buried oxides. Pre-radiation charge trapping is suppressed in the fluorinated buried oxides. The fluorine dose and post-implantation anneal time play a very important role in the control of charge trapping.

Optical image processing using the photoinduced anisotropy of pyrrylfulgide

A synthesized photochromic compound-pyrrylfulgide-is prepared as a thin film doped in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. Under irradiation by UV light, the film converts from the bleached state into a colored state that has a maximum absorption at 635 nm and is thermally stable at room temperature. When the colored state is irradiated by a linearly polarized 650 nm laser, the film returns to the bleached state; photoinduced anisotropy is produced during this process. Application of optical image processing methods using the photoinduced anisotropy of the pyrrylfulgide/PMMA film is described. Examples in non-Fourier optical image processing, such as contrast reversal and image subtraction and summation, as well as in Fourier optical image processing, such as low-pass filtering and edge enhancement, are presented. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Kinetic characterization of photoinduced anisotropy in diarylethene film

Based on the theoretical model we have proposed, a complete study on the kinetics of photoincluced anisotropy in diarylethene films is performed. The kinetic curves of molecular concentration, photoincluced dichroism and birefringence are calculated, respectively. It is found that the colored molecular concentration decreases with the increase of the excitation exposure until saturation, and the photoincluced anisotropy increases to a maximum and then decreases gradually. The optimal exposure is 260 J/cm(2). In addition, the transmittance of probe beam reflecting the anisotropy is measured by experiment. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data, and basic concordance is found between both sets of data. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

主链含六元氮杂环聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

聚酰亚胺是一类综合性能优异的耐热高分子材料，不仅具有很高的热性能，机械性能，和化学稳定性，还具有较低的介电常数和热膨胀系数，使它在航空，航天工业，微电子工业等诸多领域获得了广泛的应用。研究发现芳杂环的引入能为聚酰亚胺带来一定特殊的性能，因而由芳杂环单体合成的聚酰亚胺一直备受关注。近年来由含氮杂环的单体合成的聚酰亚胺及其性能不断被报道，这些聚合物具有很优异的性能。研究表明这些优异的性能与酰亚胺环的对称性，芳香性和杂原子带来的极性有关。吡啶、嘧啶等芳杂环是刚性的芳杂环分子，具有很好的耐热性能及化学稳定性能，而且杂环中的N 原子又可与金属离子配位和质子化。因而，含吡啶(或嘧啶)环聚合物在具有很好的热稳定性及化学稳定性同时，还会具有较好的可加工性。本论文以硝基取代的vinamidinium salts，amidine salts和易烯醇化的羰基化合物为原料，通过在碱性条件下的环化反应得到得含吡啶环(或嘧啶环)的硝基化合物；硝基化合物用Pd/C和水合肼还原得到棒状含氮芳杂环二胺：2,5-二(4-氨基苯基)嘧啶，2-氨基-5-(4-氨基苯基)嘧啶，2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基嘧啶，2,5-二(4-氨基苯基)吡啶，和2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基吡啶。通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、IR、MS及元素分析确证了含氮芳杂环二胺及其中间产物的结构。这种二胺或加一定量对苯二胺与均苯二酐(PMDA)或联苯二酐(BPDA)通过两步法聚合获得一系列聚酰亚胺，通过红外、动态力学、静态力学、热重分析、广角X-Ray衍射等实验测试了该类聚合物的结构、热性能、机械性能及结晶性能。研究表明，所得聚酰亚胺的分子链有很高的规整性，表现出很好的化学稳定性，优异的热性能和机械性能。当PPD的含量为50%时，由相同二酐单体所得的聚合物具有最好的综合性能，其中杂环中氮原子的极性对维持聚合物的热稳定性和聚合物在高温条件下的机械性能性起着很重要的作用。并将PPD的含量为50%的聚酰胺酸胶液通过干-湿纺，热亚胺化，和高温牵伸获得聚酰亚胺纤维，并研究了亚胺化条件和牵伸条件对聚酰亚胺纤维性能的影响。

区域不对称聚酰亚胺的合成及性质研究

本论文以氯代单酐为起始原料，采用过渡金属催化，合成可溶的、区域不对称聚酰亚胺和N-桥联三苯胺二酐型聚酰亚胺，并通过共聚，优化了聚酰亚胺的性能，合成了高性能聚合物新品种。本论文主要针对以下方面开展研究工作： 1. 本论文以氯代苯酐与氯代萘酐为原料，设计制备了不对称的酞酰亚胺与萘酰亚胺双氯单体。采用Ni(0)催化偶联聚合，合成了高分子量区域不对称聚酰亚胺。所得的区域不对称聚酰亚胺具有良好的综合性能(优异的溶解性、热性能、机械性能、介电性能和气体分离性能等)。 2. 利用不对称双氯单体与其它双氯取代苯基化合物偶联共聚，合成了高分子量的热塑型聚（苯-酰亚胺）材料和耐水解的磺化聚（苯-萘酰亚胺）质子传输膜材料。 3. 以4-氯代苯酐与苯胺、对叔丁基苯胺为原料，合成两种新型N-桥联三苯胺二酐：N,N-(3,4-邻苯二甲酸)苯胺二酐(I)和N,N-(3,4-邻苯二甲酸)-p-叔丁基苯胺二酐(II)。由于刚性N-苯基的引入，所得的聚酰亚胺具有良好综合性能(包括良好的溶解性能、热性能、机械性能等)。

聚酰亚胺的复合材料制备与辐射固化

热固性聚酰亚胺复合材料以其优异的耐热氧化性和机械性能而引起了广大科学工作者的兴趣.近年来人们在这方面的研究和应用已经取得了巨大的进展.研究具有低成本、易加工和耐高温（350、371℃）等优点的聚酰亚胺复合材料现已成为目前的热点之一.在该论文中,我们制备了一系列的耐高温聚酰亚胺复合材料,考核了其在室温和高温下的各项性能;我们还对低聚物添加的聚酰亚胺以及BMI浇铸体进行了低温辐射固化的研究.

由异构的二苯醚二酐和二苯硫醚二酐合成的聚酰亚胺

本论文的目的是研究由桥联二配的异构体合成的聚酰亚胺的性质，期望能发现既不牺牲热性能和机械性能又能改善加工性的新型聚酰亚胺材料。国内外目前在此方面的研究还较少，对异构化聚酰亚胺进行系统研究既填补了基础研究在此方面的空白，也对发展新的聚酰亚胺品种具有很天的实际意义。本论文在聚酞亚胺组过去工作的基础上，以氯代苯配为原料合成了二苯醚二配（ODPA）和二苯硫醚二酐（TDPA）两种桥联二配的3，3'-位和3，4'-位异构体（以桥键相对苯酐单元的位置命名），并得到了3，3’一ODPA和3，4'-ODPA的单晶，发现它们的顺反构象在单晶中都能稳定存在，其扭曲结构对聚合物的性质有很大影响。本论文还以三种ODPA异构体和三种TDPA异构体为基础合成了一系列的热塑性聚酰亚胺，对它们的性质进行了研究，发现以3，3'-位和3，4'-位二配为基础的聚酰亚胺在酚类溶剂和DMAc、DMF、NMP等极性溶剂中具有良好的溶解性，在DMSO和CHC13中部分溶解，而以4，4'-位二配为基础的聚酰亚胺则只溶于酚类溶剂。异构ODPA和TDPA系列基于同种二胺的聚酰亚胺薄膜都具有高的耐热性，后者的热氧化稳定性比前者稍高。以3，3'-位二酐为基础的聚酰胺酸热亚胺化的薄膜较脆，但由它们化学亚胺化后的聚酰亚胺粉末再溶解可得优良力学性能的韧膜。以3，4'-位二醉和4，4'-位二配为基础的聚酰胺酸热亚胺化薄膜具有相近的优异力学性质。对以4，4'-ODPA为主的共聚、共混聚酰胺酸热亚胺化薄膜力学性能的研究表明，当3，3'-OD队的含量超过30％时，薄膜脆性明显增加，而3，4'-ODPA以任何比例和4，4'-ODPA共聚、共混都能得到强韧的薄膜。异构TDPA系列聚酰亚胺的力学性能同ODPA系列相当。由异构ODPA和TDPA系列合成的聚酰亚胺动态力学性质规律相同。它们的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）均为3，3'-位的最高，3，4'-位次之，4，4'-位的最低。对于β转变，均为4，4'-位的Tβ最高，β转变峰也最强，3，4'-位的Tβ较低，β转变峰也稍弱，3，3'-位的β转变最弱，没有明显的β转变峰。由ODPA系列异构体同ODA共聚、共混的热酞亚胺化聚酰亚胺薄膜除3，3'-ODPA含量为75％时膜脆DMTA未测外，其他共聚、共混聚酰亚胺薄膜的Tg均随4，4'-位含量的增加而降低，Tp随4，4'-位含量的增加而升高，β转变峰的强度也随4，4'-位含量的增加而增大，Tp（K）/Tg（K）数值均在0.68～0.75之间。含3，3'-位和3，4'-位二配的聚酰亚胺薄膜在Tg过后不久即被迅速拉长至伸长率超过30％（DMTA仪器的设限），而由4，4'-位二酐合成的聚酰亚胺则到450℃伸长率均未超30％。经对ODPA系列异构体同·ODA聚合的聚酰亚胺薄膜拉伸前后的WAXD研究发现，4，4'-ODPA/ODA的薄膜在拉伸前后结晶峰无变化，表明Tg前后其分子间均有较大的作用力，其他两种膜拉伸后有明显的取向结晶现象，由此可见它们在Tg后的迅速伸长可能是因为其扭曲结构使得分子链堆积疏松，链段的活动性随自由体积的增大而迅速增强。对中等分子量的异构ODPA和TDPA系列同ODA聚合的聚酰亚胺的流变性质研究发现，3，4'-位聚酰亚胺拥有最低的熔体粘度，可能因为其分子堆积比4，4'-位的疏松，而链刚性又比3，3'-位的弱。由异构ODPA和TDPA系列与不同二胺和封端剂合成的PMR型热固性聚酰亚胺流变性质规律不尽相同。异构ODPA/MDA/NA的PMR树脂中3，3'-位树脂熔融粘度谷底数值较高加工窗口较窄。异构ODR入／ODA/NA的PMR树脂中三者熔融粘度谷底相同，均在SPa·s左右，3，3'-位和3，4'-位树脂的加工窗口几乎重合，4，4'-位树脂加工窗口随不同次制样的结晶性不同而有所变化。同异构ODPA/ODA/NA的PMR树脂相比，异构TDPA／ODA/NA系列的熔融粘度谷底数值稍高（10～14Pa·s之间），但也彼此相同，无异构体间的差别，3，4'-位和4，4，一位树脂加工窗口均较宽且4，4'-位树脂无明显结晶出现，3，3'-位窗日最窄。异构TDPA/ODA/PEPA的PMR树脂熔融粘度谷底比NA封端的低，降到2-4Pa·s左右，且加工窗口大大加宽，异构体之间差别不大，熔融粘度谷底数值比4，4'-ODPA/ODA/PEPA树脂低，窗口也宽。以3，4’-ODA取代4，4'-ODA后，由4，4'-TD队、3，4'-TD队、3，4'-ODPA和4，4’-OD队合成的PE以封端PMR树脂均拥有1 Pa·s左右的熔体粘度谷底。4，4'-ODPA／3，4'-ODA／PEPA结晶性较强，加工窗口在290℃以上，其他三种树脂的加工窗口都可扩宽到270～350℃，可望适合用RrM工艺加工高性能的复合材料。总体看来，异构ODPA和TDPA系歹lJ的PMR树脂中，由4，4'-ODPA合成的树脂有较强的结晶性，由3，3'-位二配合成的树脂熔体粘度和加工窗口多有变化，但由4，4'-TDPA和3，4'-位二酐合成的不同种类树脂和其异构体相比均具有较低的熔体粘度谷底和较宽的加工窗口，可见异构TDPA系列的热固性聚酰亚胺熔融加工性比异构ODPA系列好。

由氯代苯配合成聚酞亚胺方法的研究

聚酞亚胺作为一类最重要的耐热高分子，具有广泛的应用领域。但较高的合成成本使其不能象聚烯烃类高分子材料一样被广泛应用。本工作的目的是以氯代苯配‘和二胺为原料，制备双氯代酞酰亚胺单体，然后进行聚酞亚胺合成方法的研究，以达到减少合成步骤，降低其生产成本的目的，主要内容如下：1）由双氯代酞酞亚胺与双酚A在不同体系中进行（亲核取代）聚合反应，发现双酚是否完全成盐和聚合体系含水量是决定聚合物分子量的关键因素。所得聚合物比浓对数乳度在0.5 dL／g以上，并且试验重现性好。2）尝试以无水Na2S为缩合剂，与双氯代酞酞亚胺直接合成聚硫醚酞亚胺及双氯代酞酞亚肢和4，4-二氯二苯酮或4，4-二氯二苯矾合成聚硫（醚酞亚胺一酮）或聚硫（醚酞亚胺一矾），由于高纯的无水Na2S难于获得。因此聚合物的分子量较低。3）通过对微波和常规两种加热条件下聚合反应条件的对比。发现微波辐照聚合反应可以大大减少聚合反应的时间，并相应提高聚合物的分子量。4）由氯代苯配与二胺缩合合成了对称双氯单体，通过Ni催化偶联反应合成了一系列联苯型聚酰亚胺。与传统的由氯代苯配合成联苯二配相比，减少2-4步合成反应。由含有侧基的二胺合成的双（4-氯代酞酞亚胺）单体经催化偶联聚合获得了高分子量的聚酞亚胺，而由刚性直链二胺合成！）勺双（4-氯代酞酞亚服）单体生成的聚合物由于溶解性差，所以分子量较低。而双（3-氯代酞酰亚胺）单体聚合生成了大量的齐聚物而导致分子量较低。5）建立了一种合成不对称双氯代酞酞亚胺简易的方法。6）由不刘”称双氯单体合成的联苯型聚酰亚胺具有良好的溶解性和成膜性。应用13C NMR谱对其联苯结构单元的组成进行分析的结果表明：2,3,3',4-双亚胺：2,2',3,3,-双亚胺:3,4,3·，4'-双亚胺＝58.0: 21.0:21.0。与其它同分异构聚酞亚胺酞比，由不对称单体合成的聚酞亚胺具有最高的玻璃化转变温度。

由二酐的异构体合成的聚酰亚胺

聚酰亚胺是一类综合性能优异的重要耐热高分子材料，它在航空，航天工业，微电子工业等诸多领域获得了广泛的应用。异构的聚酰亚胺是近几年新兴起的结构材料之一，与传统结构的聚酰亚胺比较，具有更高的玻璃化温度，良好的溶解性能，低的熔融粘度，宽的加工窗口，和相当的机械性能和热稳定性，是一种较有发展前景的结构材料；同时异构的二酐单体又可以用来合成芳香环状聚酰亚胺，对这些十分稳定又具有很好溶解性能的环状齐聚体的研究还刚刚开始。为此，本论文主要就以下方面开展研究工作：1，以环己烯为原料，经六步，高收率地合成了PMDA的异构体，MPDA。发现MPDA在室温下同甲醇和苯胺的开环选择反应分别得到了不对称的酷化产物和对称的酞化产物，这种开环选择的差别可归结于在酞化反应过程中形成了环状氢键中间体。通过MPDA和苯胺的亚胺化反应研究，发现在DMAc中热环化得到单亚胺化合物和双亚胺化合物的混合物，而在对氯酚中热环化或者在DMAc中化学环化均只得到唯一双亚胺化合物。单晶X-Ray衍射证实了单亚胺化合物的结构。发现在DMAc中热环化时单亚胺化合物和双亚胺化合物可以相互转化，而在氮气或者真空高温条件下单亚胺化合物不能转化成双亚胺化合物，从而提出了反应机制，即少量DMAc中的水分可以影响生成单亚胺化合物。发现MPDA和ODA或者MDA聚合时有很大的生成环状聚酰亚胺的倾向，它们的环状性质由IR，MALDI-TOF-MS，和NMR所证实。发现环状聚酰胺酸放置时，不同的环之间可以发生转换，从而可以提高受热力学控制的环的收率。用溶剂萃取和重结晶的方法分离得到了环状聚酰亚胺二聚体，用单晶X-Ray衍射的方法表征了二聚体包容不同溶剂时的分子结构，从分子水平的角度研究了环状聚酞亚胺的结构和性能的关系。除了MPDA得到的聚酞亚胺有较高的g值外，异构体聚酰亚胺的其它性能如力学性能、热稳定性能、溶解度性能、形态结构性能等差别不大。2．以2，3-二甲基苯胺为原料，经四步，高收率地得到了3,3'-BTDA。发现螺双内酚在乙酸配中回流可以直接有效地转化成二配3,3'-BTDA，并提出了转化机制。单晶X-Ray衍射表明3,3'-BTDA和3,4'-BTDA都有非共平面的分子结构。通过研究异构的BTDA得到的聚酞亚胺，发现并表征了3,3'-BTDA和ODA聚合时有很大的生成环状聚酞亚胺的倾向。异构化BTDA得到的聚酞亚胺的Tg值规律：3,3'-BTDA＞3,4'-BTDA＞4,4'-BTDA；溶解性能规律：3,3'-BTDA＞3,4'-BTDA＞4,4'-BTDAA；融体粘度规律：3,3'-BTDA＞4,4'-BTDAA3,4'-BTDA；热机械性能规律：4,4'-BTDA澎3,4'-BTDA＞3,3'-BTDA。可以看出3,4'-BTDAA得到的聚酰亚胺既有良好的加工性能，又能保持材料的热机械性能。由DSC测得的异构模型化合物的Tm，△Hm，和△Sm数据可以有效地解释异构聚酰亚胺的Tg规律。3．合成了cis-1,2,3,4-CHDA，发现在一定条件下可以转化成它的异构体trans-1,2,3,4-CHDA，1HNMR直接跟踪热异构化反应的进程，并提出了转化机制。单晶X-Ray衍射确定了两个二配异构体的绝对构型。发现在用trans-1,2,3,4-CHDA制备聚酞亚胺时无论用两步法或者一步法，均能很容易地得到高分子量的聚合物。而它的异构体cig-1,2,3,4-CHDA在制备聚酞亚胺时，由于形成环状聚酞亚胺，用传统的方法得不到高分子量的聚合物，增加单体的浓度可以有效制得高分子量的聚合物。发现顺式聚合物的溶解性能比反式异构体的好，Tg值比相应反式异构体的高，其它如热氧化稳定性，机械性能，光学性能，异构体间没有明显的差别。但是，两个异构体都可以制得坚韧的透明薄膜。