Reconhecimento de cores de objetos e de alimentos de cromaticidades opostas por pintos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate, by preference tests, the ability of perception of broiler chicks in the recognition of objects and foods of different colors. The survey was conducted in Brazil and consisted in the conditioning of 60 sexed one-day-old chicks using 30 male chicks and 30 female chicks for three days with blue balls and red food colors chosen for having opposed chromaticities. After the conditioning phase, a preference test was performed, in which the animals were placed individually in the center of an arena test with four options: red food, blue food, red balls and blue balls. Each bird was measured for 10 minutes. Latency to the first peck and the number of pecks, the number of sequential pecks at each object type or food, the total time the bird in each occupied compartment and the first occupied slot were recorded. According to the results, female chicks are less inhibited when in contact with a new situation when compared with males. However, males were able to establish a standard environment in the conditioning phase and opted for the compartment which was closer to that situation, associating the blue color to the ball and red color to the food. Overall, among the types of object colors and between types of food colors, the birds took less time for the decision on the choice of blue food and blue ball, showing a greater attraction, at first, to this color. Between the two ball colors, shorter latency period, greater number of interactions as well as more time spent on site were related to the blue sphere, verifying greater preference for this object. When evaluating the types of food colors, it was observed that the highest averages related to the number of pecks, and sequential pecks occurred with red food. Therefore, it is concluded that the birds recognized the red and blue food object, with the blue color having greater attractiveness for broiler chicks when compared to red.

Conversas sobre matemática com pessoas idosas viabilizadas por uma ação de extensão universitária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A escuta musical no Monismo de Triplo Aspecto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de teses internalistas subjacentes à modelagem computacional da mente em uma perspectiva situada, incoporada e auto organizada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sociocognitive performance in autism spectrum disorders and interference of the therapeutic environment

To analyze the sociocognitive performance of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in two environments of language therapy, which differ as to the physical structure. Ten children and adolescents with ages between 4 and 13 years, of both genders, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders took part in the study. For data collection, eight filming sessions were performed during individual language therapy lasting 30 minutes, being four in a room with conventional environmental organization (common room) and four in a room with specific ambiance [children's interaction core (CIC) room], interspersed during a month. For the analysis of filmed situations, the Sociocognitive Performance Protocol was used and obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. No statistical significance was found in sociocognitive performance of 10 subjects in the common and CIC rooms, although specific differences were observed in some cases. The creation of preestablished physical environments or specific materials is not and should not be considered essential for language therapy. It is noteworthy, however, that the absence of a large volume of statistically significant data does not indicate that the results are not expressive, reiterating the need for further research in the area.

A geometria tridimensional apresentada nos livros didáticos de matemática do 5º ano do ensino fundamental

O presente trabalho realiza um estudo referente à Geometria Tridimensional, no que tange a sua metodologia apresentada nos livros didáticos de Matemática. Esse instrumento tem passado por um processo de avaliação mais rigoroso nas últimas décadas pelos órgãos governamentais para a promoção do livro com qualidade o que é importante, porém uma análise crítica de seus conteúdos é essencial para que esse instrumento torne-se adequado a cada realidade e um aliado no planejamento do educador no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Geometria. Essa disciplina é considerada por vários autores e especialista da educação como um conhecimento muito pertinente para a formação integral do aluno, ao proporcionar o desenvolvimento do raciocínio visual, espacial e lógico, abrangendo também a formação cultural e profissional. Nesse sentido, considerando a importância da escolha de um livro adequado e coerente para a qualidade desse ensino, objetivouse com esse estudo realizar uma análise e reflexão sobre os conteúdos da Geometria Tridimensional apresentada em dois livros didáticos de matemática do 5º ano do ensino fundamental submetidos aos critérios eliminatórios do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático - PNLD (2013) e aprovado pelo Ministério da Educação. Mediante levantamento bibliográfico da literatura pertinente e análise de documentos oficiais foi possível verificar que os mesmos apresentaram progressos em alguns aspectos atendendo de forma parcial as propostas atuais para esse ensino demonstrando que ainda precisam evoluir

Um modelo cognitivo baseado na atenção para consciência em robôs inteligentes

Understanding consciousness is one of the most fascinating challenges of our time. From ancient civilizations to modern philosophers, questions have been asked on how one is conscious of his/her own existence and about the world that surrounds him/her. Although there is no precise definition for consciousness, there is an agreement that it is strongly related to human cognitive processes such as: thinking, reasoning, emotions, wishes. One of the key processes to the arising of the consciousness is the attention, a process capable of promoting a selection of a few stimuli from a huge amount of information that reaches us constantly. Machine consciousness is the field of the artificial intelligence that investigate the possibility of the production of conscious processes in artificial devices. This work presents a review about the theme of consciousness - in both natural and artificial aspects -, discussing this theme from the philosophical and computational perspectives, and investigates the feasibility of the adoption of an attentional schema as the base to the cognitive processing. A formal computational model is proposed for conscious agents that integrates: short and long term memories, reasoning, planning, emotion, decision making, learning, motivation and volition. Computer experiments in a mobile robotics domain under USARSim simulation environment, proposed by RoboCup, suggest that the agent can be able to use these elements to acquire experiences based on environment stimuli. The adoption of the cognitive architecture over the attentional model has potential to allow the emergence of behaviours usually associated to the consciousness in the simulated mobile robots. Further implementation under this model could potentially allow the agent to express sentience, selfawareness, self-consciousness, autonoetic consciousness, mineness and perspectivalness. By performing computation over an attentional space, the model also allows the ...

Efeitos do extrato de soja (Glycine max) na motricidade, nas funções cognitivas e sintomas do climatério: um estudo duplo cego

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio no fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), funções cognitivas e funcionalidade motora na Doença de Alzheimer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Disturbios neuropsicológicos e síndrome da apneia do sono em crianças

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and / or repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep associated with hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Affects approximately 1-3% of children, especially preschoolers. There is an association of OSAS with negative impact on neurocognitive development. However, there are few studies using protocols to assess cognition and behavioral disorders in children with OSAS. The objective of this study was to analyze the major studies related to the topic within the last two decades. The main studies published between 1995 to 2011 were identified through MEDLINE and LILACS databases. We selected the most relevant for OSAS in children, neurocognitive effects and association between obstructive disorders / OSAS in the target population (children). It was concluded that the studies analyzed showed that there is strong evidence regarding the overlapping of OSAS in children with neurocognitive disorders and that treatment of OSAS has positive impact on neurocognitive development.

Efeitos da prematuridade sobre o desenvolvimento de lactentes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral aspects of infants relating them to prematurity. A total of 130 lactentes were evaluated every month during the first year of life, employing the Operational Portage Inventory . Group 1, 56 newborns with no life risk at birth and Group 2, 74 premature babies, those that was born until 37 gestation weeks. The outcomes obtained showed that the premature babies (Group 2) presented a totally different performance than Group 1 in 68% of the analyses made, especially for motor development, cognition and socialization. The outcomes are in accord to the ones obtained in the literature, which indicate prematurity as one of the most harmful proximal conditions for the development of infants.

Desenvolvimento de bebês nos dois primeiros meses de vida: variáveis maternas e sociodemográficas

In the present study, participated sixteen mothers. We discuss about risk factors for the development of the baby, especially main measurements maternal and sociodemographic. Mothers were interviewed and inventories to assess anxiety and stress. The babies were assessed from 'Inventário Operacionalizado Portage. The results pointed positive correlations between anxiety and self-care, and negative associations between maternal stress and cognitive development of infants. There were significant correlations between maternal age and cognitive, and motor development in the second month (p=0.005; 013). Gestational age was significant for the motor area in the second month of a baby's life (p=0.026), however this correlate was negative. The variable birth weight showed significant difference in cognition and negative in the second month (p=0.29); and maternal education was significant positive for the language area in the first month (p=0.000). These results emphasized the importance of guidance and monitoring of mothers during the postpartum.

Testes para avaliação das funções cognitivas de memória e aprendizado em cães

Animais idosos podem mostrar dificuldades de aprendizagem e queda no desempenho de atividades que exigem a memória. O declínio no aprendizado e na memória pode ser demonstrado em cães já aos 7 anos de idade, usando uma variedade de testes neuropsicológicos. Diferentes testes vêm sendo desenvolvidos para avaliar o aprendizado e os diferentes sistemas de memória em cães, os quais são uma medida mais objetiva e mais sensível que a avaliação do dono, já que mensuram o aprendizado e a memória ao invés de observações clínicas. Por meio do uso destas provas, muitos avanços têm sido realizados no entendimento da disfunção cognitiva em animais de companhia e no desenvolvimento de agentes terapêuticos que sejam efetivos no aperfeiçoamento do aprendizado e da memória e no tratamento da síndrome da disfunção cognitiva em cães idosos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo dissertar acerca da execução de diferentes testes cognitivos que vêm sendo realizados em cães, o tipo de memória avaliada por estes e expor alguns resultados obtidos com experimentos prévios.

Desempenho de crianças com deficiência auditiva e implante coclear em tarefas de seleção de e de nomeação de figuras

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of specific domains of Numerical Cognition (Number Sense – NS, Number Comprehension – NC, Number Production – NP, and Calculation – CA) in Brazilian children with Specific Learning Disorders. The study included 72 children (36 boys), from 9-to 10-years-old, enrolled in 4th and 5th years of elementary school of public schools at countryside of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. They were divided into three groups: control (CT, N = 42), Developmental Dyslexia (DL, N = 11) and Developmental Dyscalculia combined with dyslexia (DDc, N = 19). All participants had intellectual level within the normal range, however, children from the last two groups had Learning Disorders classified by School Achievement Test - TDE (Stein, 1994) and DDc children received necessarily classification as 'inferior' in Arithmetic Test of TDE. The children did not differ in NS. DL and DDc children showed slight deficits in NC. However, DDc children had moderate in NP and mild to moderate deficits in CA, which indicates a more generalized impairment in Numerical Cognition. Furthermore, DDc children showed discrepancy in Numerical Cognition performance when compared to the other groups. Thus, children with Learning Disorders showed different performances in Numerical Cognition, although both groups had preserved SN, DDc children showed higher deficits and discrepancy in relation DL and typically developing children.

Does the acute cerebellitis play a role in the neurocognitive profile of a child after its onset?

This study aimed to present the neuropsychological assessment of MC, a seven-year-old girl, who was diagnosed with acute viral cerebellitis. The protocol included cognitive tests, stress and mood scales, behavioral observation, and interviews with family and school. In the neuropsychological assessment, difficulties in crystallized skills, especially in language and numerical cognition domains, were observed. The results of the neuropsychological assessment were discussed to detail her neurocognitive profile and verify to what extent her impairment could be attributed to the acute viral cerebellitis.