Les proches dans le Code civil

Le législateur du Code civil a introduit le terme « proche » dans de nombreuses dispositions, mais n'en propose aucune définition, ce qui laisse une grande marge de manoeuvre pour son interprétation et son application. La signification et la portée du terme ne seront ainsi pas les mêmes selon le domaine juridique et la situation de fait analysés. Face à cette grande diversité d'usage du terme, l'auteure de la contribution propose de l'appréhender selon les domaines et les buts dans lesquels il est utilisé par le législateur afin de réussir à tracer les contours des différents cercles de proches envisageables.

Rapport sur le projet d'un code pénal, fait à l'assemblée générale de l'État de la Louisiane , par M. Édouard Livingston, suivi des Observations sur les conditions nécessaires à la perfection d'un code pénal, par M. Mill, avec une introduction et des notes, par M. A.-H. Taillandier,...

Comprend : Observations sur les conditions nécessaires à la perfection d'un code pénal...

Developmental stage-specific expression of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein CREB during spermatogenesis involves alternative exon splicing.

Spermatogenesis is a temporally regulated developmental process by which the gonadotropin-responsive somatic Sertoli and Leydig cells act interdependently to direct the maturation of the germinal cells. The metabolism of Sertoli and Leydig cells is regulated by the pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH, which, in turn, activate adenylate cyclase. Because the cAMP-second messenger pathway is activated by FSH and LH, we postulated that the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) plays a physiological role in Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. Immunocytochemical analyses of rat testicular sections show a remarkably high expression of CREB in the haploid round spermatids and, to some extent, in pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Although most of the CREB antigen is detected in the nuclei, some CREB antigen is also present in the cytoplasm. Remarkably, the cytoplasmic CREB results from the translation of a unique alternatively spliced transcript of the CREB gene that incorporates an exon containing multiple stop codons inserted immediately up-stream of the exons encoding the DNA-binding domain of CREB. Thus, the RNA containing the alternatively spliced exon encodes a truncated transcriptional transactivator protein lacking both the DNA-binding domain and nuclear translocation signal of CREB. Most of the CREB transcripts detected in the germinal cells contain the alternatively spliced exon, suggesting a function of the exon to modulate the synthesis of CREB. In the Sertoli cells we observed a striking cyclical (12-day periodicity) increase in the levels of CREB mRNA that coincides with the splicing out of the restrictive exon containing the stop codons. Because earlier studies established that FSH-stimulated cAMP levels in Sertoli cells are also cyclical, and the CREB gene promoter contains cAMP-responsive enhancers, we suggest that the alternative RNA splicing controls a positive autoregulation of CREB gene expression mediated by cAMP.

Quelques conséquences de l'application du nouveau code pénal suisse sur la psychiatrie légale [Some consequences of the application of the new Swiss penal code on legal psychiatry]

The new text of the Swiss penal code, which entered into effect at the beginning of 2007, has many incidences on the practice of the psychiatrists realizing expertises in the penal field or engaged in the application of legal measures imposing a treatment. The most notable consequences of this text are, on the one hand, a new definition of the concept of penal irresponsibility which is not necessarily any more related to a psychiatric diagnosis and, on the other hand, a new definition of legal constraints that justice can take to prevent new punishable acts and which appreciably modifies the place of the psychiatrists in the questions binding psychiatric care and social control.

Report on applying agreed-upon procedures to the City of Protivin’s certification of compliance with Chapter 388.10 of the Code of Iowa

Report on applying agreed-upon procedures to the City of Protivin’s certification of compliance with Chapter 388.10 of the Code of Iowa