The Telescope Stand Inspiration for Marcel Duchamp’s Bicycle Wheel Readymade

This article is the result of research following on from the author’s previous article on the same subject, ›The Inspiration for Marcel Duchamp’s Bicycle Wheel Readymade‹ written in 2007. In that article the author argued by process of deduction that Duchamp’s Bicycle Wheel was inspired by an improvised telescope stand and was not the product of the artist’s imagination as the artist claimed. This article presents new supporting evidence of a Great War period photograph of an improvised telescope stand made with a bicycle wheel and forks. This article also examines the dating of the first version and construction of the authorised versions of Bicycle Wheel and presents new evidence for the source of the forks component of the 1916 version.

Calculation of the average travel distance in a low-level picker-to-part system considering any distribution function within the aisles

The estimation of the average travel distance in a low-level picker-to-part order picking system can be done by analytical methods in most cases. Often a uniform distribution of the access frequency over all bin locations is assumed in the storage system. This only applies if the bin location assignment is done randomly. If the access frequency of the articles is considered in the bin location assignment to reduce the average total travel distance of the picker, the access frequency over the bin locations of one aisle can be approximated by an exponential density function or any similar density function. All known calculation methods assume that the average number of orderlines per order is greater than the number of aisles of the storage system. In case of small orders this assumption is often invalid. This paper shows a new approach for calculating the average total travel distance taking into account that the average number of orderlines per order is lower than the total number of aisles in the storage system and the access frequency over the bin locations of an aisle can be approximated by any density function.

Analytical form of the Probability Density Function of travel times in rectangular zone with Tchebyshev’s metric

Geometrical dependencies are being researched for analytical representation of the probability density function (pdf) for the travel time between a random, and a known or another random point in Tchebyshev’s metric. In the most popular case - a rectangular area of service - the pdf of this random variable depends directly on the position of the server. Two approaches have been introduced for the exact analytical calculation of the pdf: Ad-hoc approach – useful for a ‘manual’ solving of a specific case; by superposition – an algorithmic approach for the general case. The main concept of each approach is explained, and a short comparison is done to prove the faithfulness.

Genotypes and antibiotic resistances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from domestic and travel-associated human cases

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) extended with flaB typing of 425 Campylobacter jejuni isolates and 42 Campylobacter coli isolates revealed quite a low overlap between human isolates from travel-associated and domestic cases in Switzerland. Men were more frequently affected by Campylobacter than women, but strains from women and, overall, from travel-associated cases showed mutations conferring quinolone resistance more frequently than strains from men and domestic cases, respectively.

The Influence of Self-efficacy and Compensatory Health Behavior in Bicycle Helmet Use

Individuals show compensatory health behavior (e.g. safer cycling without helmet) to compensate for risky behavior. Compensatory health behavior is facilitated by high self-efficacy. A total of 134 cyclists with different helmet wearing frequencies (occasionally (OH) or never helmet (NH)) were asked to fill out a questionnaire on their compensatory health behavior when cycling without a helmet and on their general self-efficacy. An interaction between self-efficacy and use of a helmet on compensatory health behavior was found. OH-users with high self-efficacy showed more compensatory health behavior than OH-users with low self-efficacy. This effect was not present in NH-users. We assume that OH-users engage in compensatory health behavior, whereas NH-users remain unprotected by behavioral adaptation. These persons are vulnerable and may require specific attention in preventive actions.

Eye movements during mental time travel follow a diagonal line

Recent research showed that past events are associated with the back and left side, whereas future events are associated with the front and right side of space. These spatial-temporal associations have an impact on our sensorimotor system: thinking about one's past and future leads to subtle body sways in the sagittal dimension of space (Miles, Nind, & Macrae, 2010). In this study we investigated whether mental time travel leads to sensorimotor correlates in the horizontal dimension of space. Participants were asked to mentally displace themselves into the past or future while measuring their spontaneous eye movements on a blank screen. Eye gaze was directed more rightward and upward when thinking about the future than when thinking about the past. Our results provide further insight into the spatial nature of temporal thoughts, and show that not only body, but also eye movements follow a (diagonal) "time line" during mental time travel.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in U.S. adult travelers': The importance of travel to the development of IBS

Background. Irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder that is potentially linked to international travel at an undetermined frequency.^ Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through mail to five hundred and ninety-one patients that were twice diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome at Kelsey Seybold Clinic in Houston, TX. Responses to survey questions were used to assess patient travel history, IBS symptomology, and disease classification.^ Results. Of the five hundred and ninety-one patients that were mailed a questionnaire, two hundred and twenty one patients returned questionnaires and two hundred and one met inclusion criteria. Of the participants reporting international travel within six months of developing their chronic intestinal disorder, 60% were classified as having PI-IBS, while 25% had IBS, 10% had PI-UFBD, and 5% had UFBD. A majority of the subjects who traveled six months before onset of their functional bowel disease had a post-infectious form of IBS and reported a start and worsening of symptoms with an acute bout of diarrhea. It was common for those traveling six months before travel and labeled PI-IBS to have enteric symptoms that led to lifestyle adjustments. ^ Conclusion. International travel had a significant effect on the classification of IBS among patients which relates to the differences in IBS symptoms and perhaps pathogenesis among travelers versus non-travelers. ^