The contribution of GLONASS measurements to regional and continental scale geodetic monitoring regimes

Throughout late 1998 and early 1999, the International GLONASS Experiment (IGEX) has delivered the first comprehensive inter-continental dual frequency GLONASS data set. This experiment represents the first opportunity to assess how a second global satellite positioning system could complement existing CPS geodetic infrastructure. Based on analysis of a three station network of IGEX stations from Southern Hemisphere IGEX stations, this paper discusses the internal and external precision of long baseline GPS, GLONASS and combined GPS/GLONASS solutions, and the possible contribution of GLONASS to future regional-scale geodetic work.

Diamondiferous deposits in the Jequitai area (Minas Gerais, Brazil): a consequence of neotectonic processes

Diamonds obtained from small scale mining near Jequitai and surrounding villages are extracted from Tertiary conglomerates and Quaternary gravels of the Rio Jequitai. Eocretaceous conglomerates, which are locally poorly diamondiferous, cover parts of the Serra da Agua Fria and Serra do Cabral. They are of no economic importance. Analyses of neotectonic, post-Miocene features support a transpressive regime that gave rise to N-S to N25° E transcurrent faults, and WNW normal faults. The main evidence for neotectonic processes are inclined Tertiary sediments, drainage captures, striated laterites of Miocene age, and tilting of blocks that form the Rio Jequitai graben. Diamonds in the Tertiary terraces derived from the Eocretaceous conglomerates, which were affected by neotectonic processes, followed by erosion and concentration during redeposition of sediments.

Estimativa da captura total: desenhos amostrais para pesca artesanal

Estimating total landings of artisanal fisheries in managed areas is essential for the development of programs aimed at the establishment of sustainable production systems. However, few experiences addressed the constraints of assessments targeted at multispecific and small scale fisheries with pulverized landings. Total annual production (fish, lobsters and octopus) at the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, Bahia, Brazil, in 2006, was estimated through yields recorded by fisherfolks, in the scope of a participatory fisheries monitoring program. Three designs were employed: 1) simple random sampling, 2) stratified random sampling by month and fishing frequency, 3) stratified random sampling by community, fishing frequency and months, resulting in estimates of 349t (95% confidence interval = 305-393), 330t (289-372) and 315t (279-351), respectively. This kind of information can help design strategies for aggregation of value to small scale fisheries production, and also for the dimensioning of the corresponding infrastructure. However, these estimates shall not be used to support fishing effort increase, as there is high uncertainty regarding the state of the stocks, as well as limitations related to the asymmetry in monthly landings per fisherfolk and to the sampling coverage in the different strata.

Bacterial leaching of uranium ore from Figueira-PR, Brazil, at laboratory and pilot scale

A bacterial leaching program was carried out in order to evaluate the potential of applying this process to leach uranium from the ore of Figueira-PR, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in shake flasks, column percolation (laboratory and semipilot scale) and in heap leaching. In shake flasks and in column percolation experiments at laboratory scale, bacterial activity on the ore was confirmed: approximately 60% of uranium was leached, against around 30% in sterilized controls. Column percolation experiments at semipilot scale and heap leaching (850 tons of ore) showed uranium extractions of approximately 50%. In both experiments, a complementary sulfuric acid attack, after the bacterial leaching phase, was necessary to reach this level of uranium extraction.

Electrical properties of individual and small ensembles of InAs/InP nanostructures

We investigate electrical properties of InAs/InP semiconductor nanostructures by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and current measurements at low temperatures in processed devices. Different conductances and threshold voltages for current onset were observed for each type of nanostructure. In particular, the extremity of the wire could be compared to a dot with similar dimensions. The processed devices were used in order to access the in-plane conductance of an assembly of a reduced number of nanostructures. Here, fluctuations on I-V curves at low temperatures (<40 K) were observed. At these low temperatures and for a suitable range of applied voltages, random telegraph noise (RTN) in the current was observed for devices with dots. These fluctuations can be associated to electrons trapped in dots, as suggested by numerical simulations. A crossover from a semiconductor-like to a metallic transport behavior is also observed for similar parameters. © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Phenotypic changes and small mammal impoverishment on a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Island

Faunal impoverishment and distorted species compositions are common phenomena in oceanic islands; however, many land-bridge islands are poorly inventoried, especially in the Neotropics. We sampled a small mammal community on a land-bridge island (Anchieta Island) along the Brazilian coast. We found only one marsupial Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826) and two rodent species Oligoryzomys nigripes (Olfers, 1818) and Trinomys iheringi (Thomas, 1911) during 12 months of live trapping and 9195 trap-nights. The diversity of rodents and marsupials was not explained by species-area relations, indicating possible past extinctions. The abundance of D. aurita and O. nigripes was approximately three times higher, while the abundance of T. iheringi was approximately four times lower than abundances reported from other Brazilian Atlantic Forest sites. The population of D. aurita exhibited many phenotypic changes; males were on average 8 % smaller and females produced 30 % less litters than those from the mainland and other land-bridge islands. The long history of forest disturbance, habitat loss, reduction in forest productivity, and the recent introduction of mesopredators may be the major drivers that explain the small mammal community composition on this island. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

Informe del Seminario sobre la Pequeña Industria en América Latina = Report of the Seminar on Small-Scale Industry in Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) effect on the thermal stability of oxy-HbGp: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies

Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp) hemoglobin is an oligomeric protein, presenting a quaternary structure constituted by 144 globin and 36 non-globin chains (named linkers) with a total molecular mass of 3.6MDa. SDS effects on the oxy-HbGp thermal stability were studied, by DLS and SAXS, at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0. DLS and SAXS data show that the SDS-oxy-HbGp interactions induce a significant decrease of the protein thermal stability, with the formation of larger aggregates, at pH 5.0. At pH 7.0, oxy-HbGp undergoes complete oligomeric dissociation, with increase of temperature, in the presence of SDS. Besides, oxy-HbGp 3.0mg/mL, pH 7.0, in the presence of SDS, has the oligomeric dissociation process reduced as compared to 0.5mg/mL of protein. At pH 9.0, oxy-HbGp starts to dissociate at 20°C, and the protein is totally dissociated at 50°C. The thermal dissociation kinetic data show that oxy-HbGp oligomeric dissociation at pH 7.0, in the presence of SDS, is strongly dependent on the protein concentration. At 0.5mg/mL of protein, the oligomeric dissociation is complete and fast at 40 and 42°C, with kinetic constants of (2.1±0.2)×10-4 and (5.5±0.4)×10-4s-1, respectively, at 0.6mmol/L SDS. However, at 3.0mg/mL, the oligomeric dissociation process starts at 46°C, and only partial dissociation, accompanied by aggregates formation is observed. Moreover, our data show, for the first time, that, for 3.0mg/mL of protein, the oligomeric dissociation, denaturation and aggregation phenomena occur simultaneously, in the presence of SDS. Our present results on the surfactant-HbGp interactions and the protein thermal unfolding process correspond to a step forward in the understanding of SDS effects. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Definición de la pequeña industria = The definition of small-scale industry

Incluye Bibliografía

Servicios de extensión industrial para la pequeña industria = Industrial extension services for small-scale industries

Incluye Bibliografía

El rol de la pequeña industria en la estrategia global de desarrollo = The role of small-scale industry in over-all industrial development strategy = Le rôle de la petite industrie dans une stratégie générale du développement industriel

Incluye Bibliografía

Development possibilities for small-scale industry in specific fields of industrial activity

Includes bibliography

Un centro para el desarrollo de la pequeña industria en América Latina = A Latin American development centre for small-scale industry

Incluye Bibliografía