Sēfer Be'ēr Mōše : be'ēr ham-millôt ʿal hat-tôrā we-ḥamēš megillôt ... kôl millā ḥamûrā we-qāšā ...

Mōše ... Śerṭilś

Elizabeth Bannister als Patty, George Mattocks als Lord Aimworth, Szenenfoto, Doppelbildnis, in: Samuel Arnold: The Maid of the Mill, II. Akt, 3. Szene : Patty: "Cease, oh cease, to overwhelm me"

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G00065

Arum italicum mill (Araceae) : cultivado en Mendoza

Fil: Roig, Fidel Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias

Caracterización de la madera de Castanea sativa Mill. de procedencia española

La madera de castaño de procedencia española no está presente como material estructural en la norma europea EN 1912, y por lo tanto no está asignada a ninguna clase resistente como sí lo están otras especies españolas. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se realizó una caracterización de madera aserrada de castaño de Asturias con fines estructurales, realizando los ensayos según la norma UNE EN 408:2004, y calculando sus valores característicos según la norma UNE EN 384:2010. Los valores obtenidos permitieron asignar una clase resistente de las establecidas en la norma UNE EN 338:2010. Fueron evaluadas un total de 260 probetas de dos secciones (40x100 y 40x150 mm) siendo asignada una clase resistente D24, resultando la densidad y la resistencia a flexión los parámetros limitantes y observándose un valor de módulo de elasticidad superior al correspondiente a dicha clase. La relación entre los módulo de elasticidad longitudinal y transversal obtenidos experimentalmente fue de 10 aproximadamente, mientras que la normativa establece, como valor genérico, 16. Se observó que la singularidad de la madera que provocó un mayor porcentaje de rotura fue la presencia de nudos, presentando estas probetas un valor de resistencia significativamente menor. Chestnut timber from Spain is not included as a structural timber in the European standard EN 1912 nor is it assigned to any strength class like other Spanish species. Therefore, a characterization of structural chestnut timber from Asturias was made according to the UNE EN 408:2004, and the characteristic values were calculated according to the UNE EN 384:2010. The values obtained allowed the assignment of a strength class according to UNE EN 338:2010. 260 samples of two sections (40x100 and 40x150 mm) were tested and a D24 strength class was assinged. Density and bending strength were the limiting parameters, and the value of modulus of elasticity was higher than the values asssigned to D24. The relationship between modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus obtained was approximately equal to 10, while this value in the UNE EN 384:2010 is set at 16. The characteristic of the wood which caused a higher percentage of failure was the presence of knots, resulting in significantly lower resistance values.

An empirical mixed model to quantify climate influence on the growth of Pinus halepensis Mill. stands in South-Eastern Spain

The influence of climate on forest stand composition, development and growth is undeniable. Many studies have tried to quantify the effect of climatic variables on forest growth and yield. These works become especially important because there is a need to predict the effects of climate change on the development of forest ecosystems. One of the ways of facing this problem is the inclusion of climatic variables into the classic empirical growth models. The work has a double objective: (i) to identify the indicators which best describe the effect of climate on Pinus halepensis growth and (ii) to quantify such effect in several scenarios of rainfall decrease which are likely to occur in the Mediterranean area. A growth mixed model for P. halepensis including climatic variables is presented in this work. Growth estimates are based on data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory (SNFI). The best results are obtained for the indices including rainfall, or rainfall and temperature together, with annual precipitation, precipitation effectiveness, Emberger?s index or free bioclimatic intensity standing out among them. The final model includes Emberger?s index, free bioclimatic intensity and interactions between competition and climate indices. The results obtained show that a rainfall decrease about 5% leads to a decrease in volume growth of 5.5?7.5% depending on site quality.

Los Morales / de sant Gregorio papa, doctor dela santa yglesia ; [esta traducion delos Morales fue hecha por el lice[n]ciado Alonso aluarez de toledo enel año de mill [et] quinie[n]tos [et] catorze].

Mención de responsabilidad relativa a la traducción tomada del colofón

A new method for the identification of old-growth trees in National Forest Inventories: Application to Pinus halepensis Mill. stands in Spain

Old-growth trees play a very important role in the maintenance of biodiversity in forests. However, no clear definition is yet available to help identify them since tree age is usually not recorded in National Forest Inventories. To develop and test a new method to identify old-growth trees using a species-specific threshold for tree diameter in National Forest Inventories. Different nonlinear mixed models for diameter ? age were generated using data from the Spanish Forest Inventory in order to identify the most appropriate one for Aleppo pine in its South-western distribution area. The asymptote of the optimal model indicates the threshold diameter for defining an old-growth tree. Additionally, five site index curves were examined to analyze the influence of site quality on these models.

A fuzzy MCDA framework for safety assessment in the remediation of a uranium mill tailings site in Ukraine

The Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant was one of the largest uranium processing enterprises in the former USSR, producing a huge amount of uranium residues. The Zapadnoe tailings site contains most of these residues. We propose a theoretical framework based on multicriteria decision analysis and fuzzy logic to analyze different remediation alternatives for the Zapadnoe tailings, which simultaneously accounts for potentially conflicting economic, social and environmental objectives. We build an objective hierarchy that includes all the relevant aspects. Fuzzy rather than precise values are proposed for use to evaluate remediation alternatives against the different criteria and to quantify preferences, such as the weights representing the relative importance of criteria identified in the objective hierarchy. Finally, we suggest that remediation alternatives should be evaluated by means of a fuzzy additive multi-attribute utility function and ranked on the basis of the respective trapezoidal fuzzy number representing their overall utility.

Variation throughout the tree stem in the physical-mechanical properties of the wood of Abies alba Mill. from the Spanish Pyrenees

This study analyses the variation of main physical-mechanical properties of wood along the longitudinal and radial directions of the tree for Abies alba Mill. growing in the Spanish Pyrenees. Small clear specimens were used to study the properties of volumetric shrinkage (VS), density (?), hardness (H), bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), maximum compressive strength parallel to the grain (MCS) and impact strength (K). Several models of properties variation in the longitudinal and radial directions were analyzed. Main trends of variation of properties throughout the tree stem were identified although none of them could be fitted to predictive statistical models. Along the longitudinal direction, the properties studied followed a downward trend from the base to the crown, which was not significant in all cases, indicating that no differences in quality existed. Throughout the radial direction the trend is upward for the first 40-50 growth rings, after which it slopes downwards, more gently at first until rings 70-75 and then more steeply. This behaviour is related to variation in wood structure from the pith to the bark, depending on whether the wood is juvenile, sapwood or heartwood, and to wood maturity and microfibril angle. Authors encourage carrying further studies on other populations of A. alba in the Spanish Pyrenees to check if the trends found in this study apply to other provenances.

Distribution of the coal flow in the mill-duct system of the As Pontes Power Plant using CFD modeling

The efficiency of a Power Plant is affected by the distribution of the pulverized coal within the furnace. The coal, which is pulverized in the mills, is transported and distributed by the primary gas through the mill-ducts to the interior of the furnace. This is done with a double function: dry and enter the coal by different levels for optimizing the combustion in the sense that a complete combustion occurs with homogeneous heat fluxes to the walls. The mill-duct systems of a real Power Plant are very complex and they are not yet well understood. In particular, experimental data concerning the mass flows of coal to the different levels are very difficult to measure. CFD modeling can help to determine them. An Eulerian/Lagrangian approach is used due to the low solid–gas volume ratio.

Genetic characterization of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) orchards and traditional nut varieties in El Bierzo, a glacial refuge and major cultivation site in Northwestern Spain

This paper presents a detailed genetic study of Castanea sativa in El Bierzo, a major nut production region with interesting features. It is located within a glacial refuge at one extreme of the distribution area (northwest Spain); it has a centenary tradition of chestnut management; and more importantly, it shows an unusual degree of genetic isolation. Seven nuclear microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic variability and structure of 169 local trees grafted for nut production. We analyzed in the same manner 62 local nuts. The selected loci were highly discriminant for the genotypes studied, giving a combined probability of identity of 6.1 × 10−6. An unprecedented density of trees was sampled for this project over the entire region, and nuts were collected representing 18 cultivars marketed by local producers. Several instances of misclassification by local growers were detected. Fixation index estimates and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) data are supportive of an unexpectedly high level of genetic differentiation in El Bierzo, larger than that estimated in a previous study with broader geographical scope but based on limited local sampling (Pereira-Lorenzo et al., Tree Genet Genomes 6: 701–715, 2010a). Likewise, we have determined that clonality due to grafting had been previously overestimated. In line with these observations, no significant spatial structure was found using both a model-based Bayesian procedure and Mantel’s tests. Taken together, our results evidence the need for more fine-scale genetic studies if conservation strategies are to be efficiently improved.