The Internet as opportunity and challenge in contemporary social movements

This paper explores the relationship between the rise of “new” social movements (15-M and Occupy) and the Internet. The new social media gives rise to new kinds of social movements  which embed this technology from the moment of conception. The future of social movements will be characterised by movinets, which will have the effect of developing new efficient ways of activism. The movinets, with their embedded technology and capacity to circulate ideas among different spheres of reality, have a potential to alter the dynamics of social mobilisation.

(Semi-)automatisch ondertitelen en vertalen van leermateriaal

This presentation summarizes experience with the automated speech recognition and translation approach realised in the context of the European project EMMA.

Factores de resiliencia en jóvenes de familias violentas: el papel de la escuela en el fomento de las trayectorias resilientes

La resiliencia es un concepto poco estudiado en relación con la violencia. La mayoría de estudios que analizan la violencia se centran en sus razones y en cómo afecta a víctimas y perpetradores. Este artículo trata de responder a la pregunta de por qué ciertas personas no reaccionan violentamente aunque su historia o carga familiar los predisponga a tener este tipo de comportamientos o por qué las victimas potenciales no se convierten en víctimas a pesar que las circunstancias o situaciones indican una alta probabilidad que esto ocurra. Basado en una investigación europea, «Formación en comportamientos no-violentos en la escuela y el tiempo libre en los jóvenes de familias violentas (STAMINA)», financiado por la Comisión Europea en el marco del Programa Daphne iii, el artículo analiza qué características y recursos tienen los adolescentes que no se comportan de manera violenta a pesar de que su historia o carga familiar los puede predisponer a que actúen iolentamente. La investigación parte de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos con el objeto de determinar los factores y procesos protectores de la violencia en jóvenes de familias violentas. El artículo finaliza con una serie de recomendaciones prácticas para las escuelas con objeto de fomentar las actitudes resilientes entre los adolescentes.

Grain coarsening maps: A new tool to predict microfabric evolution of polymineralic rocks

Polymineralic rocks undergo grain coarsening with increasing temperature in both static and deformational environments, as long as no mineral reactions occur. The grain coarsening in such rocks is complex because the different phases influence each other, and it is this interaction that controls the rate of grain coarsening of the entire aggregate. We present a mathematical approach to investigate coupled grain coarsening using a set of microstructural parameters, including grain size and volume fraction of both second phases and matrix mineral in combination with temperature information. Based on samples from polymineralic carbonate mylonites that were deformed at different temperatures, we demonstrate how the mathematical relation can be calibrated for this natural system. Using such data sets for other lithologies, grain coarsening maps can be generated, which allow the prediction of microstructural evolution in polymineralic rocks. Such predictions are crucial for all subdisciplines in the earth sciences that require fundamental knowledge about microstructural changes and rheology of an orogen at different depths, such as structural geology, geophysics, geodynamics, and metamorphic petrology.

Grain coarsening in contact metamorphic carbonates: effects of second-phase particles, fluid flow and thermal perturbations

Under contact metamorphic conditions, carbonate rocks in the direct vicinity of the Adamello pluton reflect a temperature-induced grain coarsening. Despite this large-scale trend, a considerable grain size scatter occurs on the outcrop-scale indicating local influence of second-order effects such as thermal perturbations, fluid flow and second-phase particles. Second-phase particles, whose sizes range from nano- to the micron-scale, induce the most pronounced data scatter resulting in grain sizes too small by up to a factor of 10, compared with theoretical grain growth in a pure system. Such values are restricted to relatively impure samples consisting of up to 10 vol.% micron-scale second-phase particles, or to samples containing a large number of nano-scale particles. The obtained data set suggests that the second phases induce a temperature-controlled reduction on calcite grain growth. The mean calcite grain size can therefore be expressed in the form D 1⁄4 C2 eQ*/RT(dp/fp)m*, where C2 is a constant, Q* is an activation energy, T the temperature and m* the exponent of the ratio dp/fp, i.e. of the average size of the second phases divided by their volume fraction. However, more data are needed to obtain reliable values for C2 and Q*. Besides variations in the average grain size, the presence of second-phase particles generates crystal size distribution (CSD) shapes characterized by lognormal distributions, which differ from the Gaussian-type distributions of the pure samples. In contrast, fluid-enhanced grain growth does not change the shape of the CSDs, but due to enhanced transport properties, the average grain sizes increase by a factor of 2 and the variance of the distribution increases. Stable d18O and d13C isotope ratios in fluid-affected zones only deviate slightly from the host rock values, suggesting low fluid/rock ratios. Grain growth modelling indicates that the fluid-induced grain size variations can develop within several ka. As inferred from a combination of thermal and grain growth modelling, dykes with widths of up to 1 m have only a restricted influence on grain size deviations smaller than a factor of 1.1.To summarize, considerable grain size variations of up to one order of magnitude can locally result from second-order effects. Such effects require special attention when comparing experimentally derived grain growth kinetics with field studies.

Deformation mechanisms in second-phase affected microstructures and their energy balance

Based on the relationship Zener parameter (Z=second-phase size/second-phase volume fraction) vs. calcite grain size (dg), second-phase controlled aggregates and microstructures that are weakly affected by second-phases are discriminated. The latter are characterized by large but constant grain sizes, high calcite grain boundary fractions and crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO), while calcite grain size and calcite grain boundary fraction decrease continuously and CPO weakens with decreasing Z in second-phase controlled microstructures. These observations suggest that second-phase controlled microstructures predominantly deform via granular flow because pinning of calcite grain boundaries reduces the efficiency of dynamic recrystallization favoring mass transfer processes and grain boundary sliding. In contrast, the balance of grain size reduction and growth by dynamic recrystallization maintains a steady state grain size in microstructures that are only weakly affected by second-phases promoting a predominance of dislocation creep. With increasing temperature, the relationship between Z and dg persists but the calcite grain size increases continuously. Based on microstructures, the energy of each modifying process is calculated and its relative contribution is compared with energies of the competing processes (surface energy, dragging energy, dynamic recrystallization energy). The steady state microstructures result from a temperature-dependent energy minimization procedure of the system.

Differences in grain growth of calcite: a field-based modeling approach

Normal grain growth of calcite was investigated by combining grain size analysis of calcite across the contact aureole of the Adamello pluton, and grain growth modeling based on a thermal model of the surroundings of the pluton. In an unbiased model system, i.e., location dependent variations in temperature-time path, 2/3 and 1/3 of grain growth occurs during pro- and retrograde metamorphism at all locations, respectively. In contrast to this idealized situation, in the field example three groups can be distinguished, which are characterized by variations in their grain size versus temperature relationships: Group I occurs at low temperatures and the grain size remains constant because nano-scale second phase particles of organic origin inhibit grain growth in the calcite aggregates under these conditions. In the presence of an aqueous fluid, these second phases decay at a temperature of about 350 °C enabling the onset of grain growth in calcite. In the following growth period, fluid-enhanced group II and slower group III growth occurs. For group II a continuous and intense grain size increase with T is typical while the grain growth decreases with T for group III. None of the observed trends correlate with experimentally based grain growth kinetics, probably due to differences between nature and experiment which have not yet been investigated (e.g., porosity, second phases). Therefore, grain growth modeling was used to iteratively improve the correlation between measured and modeled grain sizes by optimizing activation energy (Q), pre-exponential factor (k0) and grain size exponent (n). For n=2, Q of 350 kJ/mol, k0 of 1.7×1021 μmns−1 and Q of 35 kJ/mol, k0 of 2.5×10-5 μmns−1 were obtained for group II and III, respectively. With respect to future work, field-data based grain growth modeling might be a promising tool for investigating the influences of secondary effects like porosity and second phases on grain growth in nature, and to unravel differences between nature and experiment.

Doctrina jurídica y práctica social del matrimonio medieval según Las Partidas

En este trabajo se analizan las ideas sobre el matrimonio en Las Partidas, la más importante manifestación del universo cultural alfonsí, tanto en su expresión jurídica como en su significado social y antropológico. Se inicia con una exposición del modelo matrimonial existente en la corte castellana en tiempos de Fernando III, según se recoge en la Primera Crónica General. A continuación se contempla el matrimonio en su relación con la codificación del parentesco y el desenvolvimiento de la conyugalidad como comportamiento humano, considerados de forma atemporal, para después exponer, en síntesis, la evolución de las teorías sobre el matrimonio durante la Edad Media hasta el siglo XIII. La segunda parte del trabajo estudia la doctrina del matrimonio en Las Partidas agrupada en los siguientes apartados: Celebración del matrimonio. Requisitos para su validez, edad núbil, sexualidad. Uniones “no justas”. Ruptura del matrimonio. Nulidad en razón de parentesco. Impotencia. Divorcio y separación.

VARIACIONES SRAFFIANAS: HOMENAJE A ERNEST LLUCH

No era Ernest Lluch individuo propenso a adoptar un singular libro de cabecera, ni a seguir con fidelidad las huellas de un único maestro. Pero, por supuesto, tenía su personal esquema devalores y sus escalas de preferencias. Y uno de los autores que sin discusión estaba presente en su galería privada de economistas ilustres fue Piero Sraffa (1898-1983). Creo que también habríacolocado en esa división de honor a François Quesnay, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, Knut Wicksell, John M. Keynes, Joseph A.Schumpeter, Maurice H. Dobb, Wassily Leontief, John K. Galbraith, Paolo Sylos Labini y Albert O. Hirschman.

Cultural audit as a tool to increase employee involvement in small firms: A case study

Employee involvement is a common goal for most companies. This research started when managers of a familyrun horticultural firm decided to increase employee commitment and improve organizational climate. To help them, we considered the possibility of developing a cultural audit, adapting the tool to the fact that it was a small family business. Therefore, this paper will firstly review the existing literature concerning organizational culture, specially which cultural characteristics should be more valuable to achieve employee commitment and involvement and how to run a cultural audit. Secondly, it will expose the design and implementation of a cultural audit at this company, through an explicative case study that aims to compare the existing culture with the characteristics described theoretically. The study discusses the lack of trust, of a creative atmosphere, and of a shared vission, and suggests some recommendations to develop these characteristics, in order to gain the desired level of employee involvement. Key words: Employee involvement, organizational

Characterization and age determination of Quaternary volcanism in the southern Ankaratra region (central Madagascar) through novel approaches in luminescence dating

This work introduces two novel approaches for the application of luminescence dating techniques to Quaternary volcanic eruptions: crystalline xenoliths from lava flows are demonstrated to be basically suitable for luminescence dating, and a set of phreatic explosion deposits from the Late Quaternary Vakinankaratra volcanic field in central Madagascar is successfully dated with infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL). Using a numerical model approach and experimental verification, the potential for thermal resetting of luminescence signals of xenoliths in lava flows is demonstrated. As microdosimetry is an important aspect when using sample material extracted from crystalline whole rocks, autoradiography using image plates is introduced to the field of luminescence dating as a method for detection and assessment of spatially resolved radiation inhomogeneities. Determinations of fading rates of feldspar samples have been observed to result in aberrant g-values if the pause between preheat and measurement in the delayed measurements was kept short. A systematic investigation reveals that the phenomenon is caused by the presence of three signal components with differing individual fading behaviour. As this is restricted to short pauses, it is possible to determine a minimal required delay between preheating and measurement after which the aberrant behaviour disappears. This is applied in the measuring of 12 samples from phreatic explosion deposits from the Antsirabe – Betafo region in the Late Quaternary Vakinankaratra volcanic field. The samples were taken from stratigraphically correlatable sections and appear to represent at least three phreatic events, one of which created the Lac Andraikiba maar near Antsirabe. The obtained ages indicate that the eruptive activity in the region started in the Late Pleistocene between 113.9 and 99.6 ka. A second layer in the Betafo area is dated at approximately 73 ka and the Lac Andraikiba deposits give an age between 63.9 and 50.7 ka. The youngest phreatic layer is dated between 33.7 and 20.7 ka. These ages are the first recorded direct ages of such volcanic deposits, as well as the first and only direct ages for the Late Quaternary volcanism in the Vakinankaratra volcanic field. This illustrates the huge potential of this new method for volcanology and geochronology, as it enables direct numerical dating of a type of volcanic deposit which has not been successfully directly dated by any other method so far.

La reforma universitaria desde sus grupos y revistas : Una reconstrucción de los proyectos y las disputas del movimiento estudiantil porteño de las primeras décadas del siglo XX (1914-1928)

La presente investigación se propone recuperar la densidad ideológica y material del movimiento político-cultural que se gestó en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en el marco de la Reforma Universitaria, y se ocupa de precisar las conexiones que esa cultura tramó con la registrada en las ciudades de Córdoba, La Plata, Montevideo y Santa Fe. Para ello son colocados en el centro del análisis los grupos (con sus publicaciones periódicas) animados por estudiantes universitarios porteños durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. A su vez, la investigación se propone iluminar el itinerario intelectual de varios líderes estudiantiles y reconstruye la recepción que realizaron los reformistas de las tres figuras extranjeras que convocaron, a saber, el filósofo catalán Eugenio D?Ors, el fisiólogo judeoalemán Georg Nicolai y el economista, también judeoalemán, Alfons Goldschmidt. Si bien la investigación se apoya en los estudios previos sobre la Reforma Universitaria, la mayoría de los grupos, revistas y visitas aquí analizados permanecían hasta la actualidad muy poco explorados. Así, es fundamentalmente a través de un exhaustivo rastreo y análisis de las revistas, los archivos personales y la correspondencia de los protagonistas del movimiento estudiantil que la tesis busca iluminar todo un conjunto de prácticas, ideas y redes que terminarán conformando al estudiante como un nuevo actor de la sociedad moderna y a la Reforma Universitaria como un movimiento político-cultural de duradera proyección continental. Los distintos capítulos de la tesis exploran las iniciativas de los estudiantes universitarios porteños desde la fundación, durante la primera década del siglo XX, de centros de estudiantes y revistas que expresan reclamos estudiantiles de carácter gremial hasta la aparición de grupos y publicaciones estudiantiles que construyen una identidad socialista o nacionalista de la juventud universitaria, pasando por agrupaciones de carácter fundamentalmente cultural. Si bien el foco está puesto en la construcción del movimiento político-cultural de la Reforma, también es analizado el debate en torno del positivismo y el antipositivismo que atraviesa el proceso de configuración reformista. La primera parte de la tesis se concentra en la reconstrucción y el análisis de la sociabilidad e 5intervención propuestas por los tres grupos porteños que, en los años anteriores al estallido de la Reforma, más se empeñan en la construcción de una identidad estudiantil que exceda los reclamos gremiales. Esos grupos son: el Centro Ariel y su revista Ariel; el Ateneo de Estudiantes Universitarios y su revista Ideas; y el Colegio Novecentista y sus Cuadernos. La segunda parte de la tesis se detiene en las nuevas estrategias culturales que despliegan los grupos estudiantiles una vez que, hacia mediados de 1918, la Reforma y la coyuntura nacional e internacional instalan entre los estudiantes una fuerte preocupación política. Si bien hacia 1928 queda configurado un movimiento político-cultural reformista que, durante décadas, liga al estudiante a una identidad latinoamericanista y antiimperialista, esta parte de la investigación muestra que en los diez años anteriores tuvieron lugar diversas empresas reformistas que propusieron asociar la figura del estudiante a identidades políticas tan diversas como el nacionalismo de resonancias católicas o el socialismo revolucionario. Y entre esas olvidadas empresas la presente tesis identifica a la Federación de Asociación Culturales, la Unión Reformista y la Federación de Estudiantes Revolucionarios, así como las revistas Clarín, Revista Nacional, Bases, Insurrexit y Hoy