Loan loss provisions, earnings management and capital management under IFRS:the case of EU commercial banks

Prior research has shown that loan loss provisions are primarily used as a tool for earnings management and capital management by listed banks. Effective 2005 all listed companies in the European Union (EU) are required to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Adherence to IFRS, it is claimed, should enhance transparency of reporting practices relative to local General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The overall objective of this paper is to examine the impact of the implementation of IFRS on the use of loan loss provisions (LLPs) to manage earnings and capital. We use a sample of 91 EU listed commercial banks covering a period of 10 years (before and after implementation of IFRS). Since early adopters may have different incentives and motivations relative to those who adopt mandatorily, we dichotomize our sample into early and late adopters. Overall, we find that earnings management (using loan loss provisions) for both early and late adopters while significant over the estimation window is significantly reduced after implementation of IFRS. We also find that, for risky banks, earnings management behavior is more pronounced when compared to the less risky banks, but is significantly reduced in the post IFRS period. Capital management behavior by bank managers is not significant in both pre and post IFRS regimes. Overall, we conclude that the implementation of IFRS in the EU appears to have improved earnings quality by mitigating the tendency of bank managers of listed commercial banks to engage in earnings management using loan loss provisions.

Pre-adoption market reaction to IFRS 9:a cross-country event-study

We are the first to examine the market reaction to 13 announcement dates related to IFRS 9 for over 5400 European listed firms. We find an overall positive reaction to the introduction of IFRS 9. The regulation is particularly beneficial to shareholders of firms in countries with weaker rule of law and a smaller divergence between local GAAP and IAS 39. Bootstrap simulations rule out the possibility that sampling error or data mining are driving our findings. Our main findings are also robust to confounding events and the extent of the media coverage for each event. These results suggest that investors perceive the new regulation as shareholder-wealth enhancing and support the view that stronger comparability across accounting standards of European firms is beneficial to international investors and outweighs the costs of poorer firm-specific information.

Assessing the value relevance of accounting data after the introduction of IFRS in Europe

Since 2005, European-listed companies have been required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We examine whether value relevance increased following the introduction of IFRS, using a sample of 3,721 companies listed on five European stock exchanges: Frankfurt, Madrid, Paris, London, and Milan. We find mixed evidence of an increase in value relevance. However, the influence of earnings on share price increased following the introduction of IFRS in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, while the influence of book value of equity decreased (except for the United Kingdom). © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Managing the transition to IFRS-based financial reporting

This book provides a practical guide for accountants working in practice or in business faced with the complexity of moving to adopt IFRS-based financial reporting. The book offers not only an overview of the regulatory framework and the requirements to produce IFRS-compliant financial statements but also guidance on developing an implementation strategy including project management, identifying and responding to challenges, dealing with change management and communication with external stakeholders.

Histórias de adoção tardia: considerações a partir da analítica existencial heideggeriana

Adoption establishes a filiation status, resulting from a legal act, which attributes to the child and parents the rights and obligations associated with such condition, being legally irrevocable. Nevertheless, in practice there are adoptions that do not concretize and the child returns to justice during or even after the legal process is closed. Late adoption is the denomination of the adoption of children over two years and it is still permeated by myths and stigmas, leading to a frequent return of the child to justice in these cases. The late adoption involves a process of building a unique relationship with a child whose backstory is commonly marked by the dissolution of the relationship with the family of origin, due to violation of rights and, in some cases, the experience of institutional care. Given such a scenario, this research, based on the Existential Analytic proposed by Martin Heidegger, seeks to understand the experience of mothers and children in the process of late adoption, in order to obtain subsidies to psychological attention in this context. This is a qualitative, phenomenological study with a comprehensive focus. The participants were two mothers and two children who have gone through late adoption for about two years. The procedures of data generation contemplated narrative interviews with mothers and individual meetings with children, in which ludic resources were used as mediators of expression (free drawings, unfinished children's story and "Story-Drawings" on late adoption). The procedures were audiotaped and transcribed. Data analysis was grounded in Heidegger's hermeneutics. The late adoption process, permeated by historical, social and cultural determinants and the web of meanings that create the historical singularity of each person involved have proved to be complex as seen in the narratives. The construction of the meanings of parenthood and filiation has been developing in the families in the study, from the experience of being-with-the-other, caring and dwelling in their peculiar modes of expression. The family of origin and the adoptive family mingle and differentiate by means of the experience of children, especially because of the existence of biological siblings. Data point to the importance of psychological care to family core in late adoption processes

Determinantes da adoção de inovação organizacional: um estudo de caso na indústria Portuguesa

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é tentar dar um contributo para a perceção da necessidade de compreender que a adoção de inovações numa organização é em primeiro lugar determinada pela dimensão cultural do CEO e pela sua capacidade de exercer influência enquanto líder. Que ele deve ser o motor das inovações permitindo que a organização se autonomize - que a deixe crescer e oriente na sua caminhada - e que saiba posicionar-se com a distância devida, quando for mais conveniente para toda a estrutura. Este posicionamento não significa alheamento das circunstâncias inerentes ao “crescimento” que a organização enfrenta, mas antes estar nos bastidores a observar e a desenvolver uma gestão de influência, levando os colaboradores a fazerem correções de trajeto por compreensão da necessidade do todo e não pela sua atuação enquanto líder omnipresente. Demasiadas vezes é dada ênfase à inovação nalgumas empresas ou sectores, quando na verdade o que acontece não é mais de que operações de cosmética, pouco consistentes e tudo menos perenes. No entanto, muito há para descobrir sobre os fatores relacionados com as tomadas de decisão relativas à adoção de inovações e de como a probabilidade de adoção de inovações pode ser aumentada. A inovação é um instrumento que as organizações têm para tentar garantir um reconhecimento e um posicionamento na mente dos clientes. A sua sobrevivência estará inexoravelmente ligada à sua capacidade de se reinventar. Existem várias dimensões inferir da capacidade de inovação de uma organização. Neste estudo vamos abordar a dimensão pessoal do líder enquanto motor e dinamizador dos processos de inovação da organização

Dificuldades iniciais na aprendizagem da leitura/escrita e matemática: a eficácia da adoção de estratégias específicas para a atenuação dos primeiros sinais

O presente Relatório surge da realização do projeto de Mestrado em Educação Especial – Domínio Cognitivo-Motor e apresenta a investigação realizada com o objetivo de comparar os resultados da adoção de estratégias diferenciadas na resolução de fichas de trabalho específicas: apoiada por um docente de educação especial, em comparação com a realização autónoma, seguida de correção e feedback imediatos. Recorreu-se a um desenho quasi-experimental, com pré-teste, intervenção e pós-teste, centrado numa diversidade de instrumentos e técnicas de recolha e análise dos dados (triangulação dedados/metodológica). Na fase de pré-teste participaram 60 alunos de três turmas do 1.º ano do 1.º CEB, que realizaram fichas de trabalho destinadas a avaliar competências específicas de Português e Matemática. Na fase de intervenção selecionaram-se os alunos de duas turmas – sendo a terceira o “grupo decontrolo” – que apresentaram os resultados mais baixos e procedeu-se à execução de um programa de intervenção baseado na realização de novas tarefas de resolução de exercícios segundo uma das metodologias referidas em cada grupo. Após a intervenção procedeu-se à aplicação de novos instrumentos de avaliação em todas as turmas/grupos para conhecer e comparar os níveis de desempenho dos alunos participantes (tendo como referência os seus pares na turma e o grupo de controlo).Os resultados obtidos evidenciam progressos consideráveis em cada um dos grupos experimentais, da fase de pré-teste para o pós-teste, o que aponta para a eficácia da intervenção realizada, quer por meio da resolução de fichas de trabalho de forma autónoma, seguida de feedback e correção, quer por meio do acompanhamento e apoio do docente de educação especial durante a realização das tarefas. O nível de progressão atingido foi mais acentuado nesta última modalidade. Por outro lado, os dois grupos experimentais reduziram as diferenças de desempenho em relação aos respetivos grupos de pares (restantes alunos da turma). O grupo que contou com apoio evidencia resultados mais próximos dos grupos de referência. A opinião dos docentes de cada uma das turmas também confirma uma melhoria nas aprendizagens dos alunos intervencionados.

Atitudes dos Estudantes do Ensino Superior Face à Adoção de Criança por Casais Homossexuais

Ao longo dos últimos anos, a homossexualidade tem sido tema de diversos estudos com destaque para os domínios da homoparentalidade. No mesmo contexto, alguns investigadores têm-se preocupado com questões relacionadas com adoção de crianças por casais homossexuais. O presente estudo pretendeu particularmente conhecer os níveis de Aceitação/Rejeição por parte de estudantes do ensino superior quanto à adoção de crianças por casais homossexuais. Realizou-se um estudo com uma amostra não-probabilística, através dum questionário online em que participaram 695 indivíduos, sendo 215 do sexo masculino (30.9%) e 477 do sexo feminino (68.6%), com idades de 17 a 60 anos. A recolha de dados foi feita através de Questionário Sociodemográfico; a EAACH – Escala de Atitudes Face à Adoção de Crianças por Homossexuais, a EEH – Escala de Explicações da Homossexualidade, a ERP – Escala de Rejeição à Proximidade/Intimidade, a EEE – Escala de Expressão Emocional. Os resultados apontam para uma diferença significativa em favor do fator aceitação, sendo que quanto maior a idade, menor é a aceitação da adoção por casais homossexuais. Quanto à explicação da homossexualidade, os sujeitos de menor idade tendem a associa-la a fatores psicossociais, enquanto os mais velhos relevam explicações sobretudo do foro ético-moral e religioso. Verificamos ainda que o género feminino revela atitudes de maior tolerância e aceitação, do mesmo modo que os divorciados/ separados. Verificamos igualmente que a crença em Deus e o grau de religiosidade se relacionam com a menor aceitação da adoção por casais homossexuais. As conclusões resultantes dos nossos dados vão ao encontro da generalidade dos estudos sobre o tema, permitindo constatar que as atitudes que têm permitido manter a ideia de que mulheres lésbicas e homens gays não têm competências parentais que permitam a adequada educação de crianças e adolescentes, serão consequência de preconceitos ainda instalados. Pensamos, no entanto, que é injusto e mesmo imoral que se negue a possibilidade a muitas crianças de serem amadas e educadas por quem tem condições de as amar e educar.

Impactos da adoção de sistemas de informação no judiciário: pesquisa com usuários do sistema processual virtual em um juizado especial federal

The Information Technology (IT) is increasing his applicability to business, both private and public companies. It is necessary the adequate use of the new technologies and get cooperation and technology acceptance of the system. People tend to resist to the changes, contributing so that the technology is rejected or even it is not recognized as promoting of the changes. This study is relevant and aim to evaluate the impacts of new technologies, considering their users as fundamental factors in the change process. The survey analyzed the advantages and the barriers of the system use in three federal special judicial of Rio Grande do Norte, with data collected in May of 2007, through the application of questionnaires to thirty eight users of the virtual system CRETA. The users' perception was evaluated, under the optics of five variables: efficiency, image, agility, ease of use and quality. Starting from the obtained results, it was evidenced that the implementation of the system felt accordingly the expected and it reached the objectives intended that were: the velocity and efficiency in the path of the lawsuits, larger productivity, resulting in a better quality of the final work introduced to the citizen and proportionate an improvement in the organizational image of the judiciary power

A dinâmica do campo organizacional e a adoção de estratégias na carcinicultura do RN

This study aimed to understand the relations inside the organizational Structuring of the shrimp Field - the shrimp agribusiness placed in Rio Grande do Norte State and the strategies adopted by its players. In order to achieve that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with samples of various organizations that act in the field, like cooperatives, associations, enterprises of different links in the chain, universities and state agencies. The interviews built up a large collection of secondary data. As expected, it was found that Field and strategies are related in a recursive way: the configuration of the field, a result from his own biography, has decisively influenced the strategies adopted by its actors, who, as evolved, eventually caused further changes in the Field and outlines the plot of this area of interaction. It was found, for example, that after thirty-five years of its genesis, the Field of shrimp RN still has a low level of institutionalization, which helps to understand the difficulty of its actors in establish strategies based on partnerships and cooperation; Those actions are so necessary to alleviate the effects of the crisis that devastated the industry since 2004. It was noticed, however, that this level of institutionalization is a result, beside other factors, the very strategies that field actors are embracing along its trajectory. Thus, this study hopes to have contributed both to the necessary revival of the agency to institutional phenomenon, cited by Oliver (1991), and to meet the need for more contextualized approaches to organizational strategies (MINTZBERG, 1987; CLEGG, 2004; WHITTINGTON, 2004; 2006; SARAIVA and CARRIERI, 2007). It is an exploratory study that needs further investigation in order to get deep in this research. In this sense, others methodologies and theoretical perspectives need to be used, especially those relating to the seizure of the disputes and discursive aspects of power, as salient in the field investigated. Moreover, in terms of "practical actions", it is suggested that, as soon as possible, the main actors of the field (cooperatives, companies, and state entities in class) can be able of agglutinate efforts to support the shrimp field in RN State and make sustainable actions, which can promote the development of activity in a global view. On the apse of shrimp activities everybody wanted to be the "father of the child," Now, someone has to "stay in the goal."

Crenças normativas e comportamentais e suas influências na intenção de adoção de um sistema de informação: um estudo na área de compras da UFPA

The study aims to identify the factors that influence the behavior intention to adopt an academic Information System (SIE), in an environment of mandatory use, applied in the procurement process at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). For this, it was used a model of innovation adoption and technology acceptance (TAM), focused in attitudes and intentions regarding the behavior intention. The research was conducted a quantitative survey, through survey in a sample of 96 administrative staff of the researched institution. For data analysis, it was used structural equation modeling (SEM), using the partial least squares method (Partial Least Square PLS-PM). As to results, the constructs attitude and subjective norms were confirmed as strong predictors of behavioral intention in a pre-adoption stage. Despite the use of SIE is required, the perceived voluntariness also predicts the behavior intention. Regarding attitude, classical variables of TAM, like as ease of use and perceived usefulness, appear as the main influence of attitude towards the system. It is hoped that the results of this study may provide subsidies for more efficient management of the process of implementing systems and information technologies, particularly in public universities

Fatores inibidores à adoção de tecnologias de informação em micro e pequenas empresas fornecedoras da vale no estado do Pará

Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte