Organização do processo para modificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial no PSF Dr. José Wanderley, município Serra do Salitre, MG

A hipertensão arterial é das doenças de maior prevalência na população. Segundo a Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão (SBH) a Hipertensão acomete uma em cada quatro pessoas adultas. Assim, estima-se que atinge em torno de, no mínimo, 25 % da população brasileira adulta, chegando a mais de 50% após os 60 anos e está presente em 5% das crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. É responsável por 40% dos infartos, 80% dos derrames e 25% dos casos de insuficiência renal terminal. No mundo, são 600 milhões de hipertensos, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Embora o problema ocorra predominantemente na fase adulta, o número de crianças e adolescentes hipertensos vêm aumentando a cada dia. A hipertensão arterial caracteriza-se pela presença de níveis de pressão arterial elevados, associados a alterações no metabolismo do organismo, nos hormônios e nas musculaturas cardíaca e vascular.Hipertensão arterial é uma doença crônica determinada por elevados níveis de pressão sanguínea nas artérias, o que faz com que o coração tenha que exercer um esforço maior do que o normal para fazer circular o sangue através dos vasos sanguíneos, é um dos principais fatores de risco para a ocorrência do acidente vascular cerebral, tromboembólico ou hemorrágico, enfarte agudo do miocárdio, aneurisma arterial (por exemplo, aneurisma da aorta), doença arterial periférica, além de ser uma das causas de insuficiência renal crônica e insuficiência cardíaca. Dada a sua relação com a diminuição da esperança de vida, o foco principal de meu trabalho será realizar um projeto interventivo na população do PSF Dr Jose Wanderley, Serra do Salitre, MG, promovendo ações de saúde para diminuir a prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial.

Projeto de intervenção educativa para pacientes com baixa percepção de risco da hipertensão pela Equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família 2 do município de Ressaquinha/MG

Ressaquinha é um município brasileiro do Estado de Minas Gerais, localizado na mesorregião dos Campos das Vertentes na região sul do estado. Está localizada a 154 km da capital do estado, Belo Horizonte. A população estimada é de 4755 hab. Devido aos hábitos e estilos de vida inadequados na região, baixo nível de informação sobre os fatores de riscos da hipertensão, pouco comprometimento dos indivíduos e a família com o problema de saúde e deficiência no acompanhamento dos pacientes hipertensos, a equipe escolheu como problema a ser discutido para a elaboração de um plano operativo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um Projeto de Intervenção educativa para pacientes com baixa percepção do risco para a hipertensão, pela equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família 2 do município de Ressaquinha/MG. Para a realização do presente trabalho, foi utilizado o Método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional - PES. Inicialmente foi realizada a revisão de literatura a respeito do tema proposto utilizando bases de dados on line Lilacs e Scielo. No desenvolvimento da Análise da Situação de Saúde (ASS) foi utilizada a Estimativa Rápida. Para a realização do diagnóstico dos problemas foram usadas técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas tais como (observação ativa, questionário, revisão de fontes primarias existentes, entrevistas, informantes chaves), e priorização por meio de três critérios, dois qualitativos e um quantitativo. Espera-se que com a implantação do Plano de intervenção o impacto sobre o controle da hipertensão, seus fatores de risco e agravos, seja favorável. Existem evidências de que o controle dos fatores de risco pode ajudar a prevenir pelo menos 80% das doenças cardiovasculares.

Baixa adesão ao exane papanicolau na ESF Maria Olívia de Castro Oliveira, no município de Aguanil-MG : proposta de intervenção

O câncer de colo uterino é tido como afecção progressiva e caracterizado por alterações intra-epiteliais cervicais que podem se desenvolver para um estágio invasivo ao longo de uma a duas décadas. Dentre as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde para impactar o perfil epidemiológico do câncer do colo do útero tem-se de: garantir uma cobertura de rastreamento mínima de 80% a 85% da população feminina de 25-64 anos, prezar pela qualidade de realização do exame citológico e garantir tratamento oportuno e seguimento das pacientes. Após realizar o diagnóstico situacional da área de abrangência da ESF Maria Olivia de Castro Oliveira, seguindo os passos do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES) foi estabelecido como principal problema a baixa adesão das mulheres em realizar o exame preventivo de Câncer de Colo do Útero. O número de mulheres cadastradas forma um total de 898 na faixa etária de 25 a 64 anos. Até o momento a unidade de saúde realizou 180 coletas de exame preventivo, apresentando um indicador de somente 20% de cobertura. Este trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar e propor estratégias que aumentem a cobertura do exame Papanicolau na ESF Maria Olivia de Castro Oliveira no município de Aguanil - MG. Espera-se que com a criação deste plano de ação, a ESF Maria Olivia de Castro Oliveira possa levar mais informações as mulheres da área de abrangência, de forma a aumentar à adesão nas consultas de prevenção do câncer de colo do útero, prevenindo agravos a saúde, criando um vínculo de confiança, respeito e promoção da saúde.

Projeto de intervenção visando ampliar adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistémica, na ESF de um município da Zona da Mata - MG

Atualmente, estima-se que mais de 80% dos casos de morte estão associadas a fatores de riscos ou complicações da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), por isso é importante o controle visando uma melhor adesão ao tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um projeto de intervenção visando estimular mudanças de hábitos e comportamentos que proporcionem melhor qualidade de vida e, ampliem a adesão medicamentosa e não medicamentosa dos usuários com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, na ESF Novo Silvestre, município Viçosa/MG. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no período de junho a dezembro 2015. A busca de artigos foi na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (BVSMS), por meio das bases de dados do Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), aqueles disponibilizados na língua portuguesa, publicados entre 2004 a 2015. Como palavras chaves foram utilizadas: Hipertensão Arterial. Adesão terapêutica. Estilo de vida. Assistência à Saúde. Em seguida, foi elaborado o projeto de intervenção, segundo o método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional Simplificado, conforme módulo de Planejamento e Avaliação das Ações em Saúde do Curso de Especialização em Estratégia Saúde da Família/UFMG. Espera-se alcançar melhor adesão ao tratamento e mudanças de estilos de vida tornando esses pacientes mais saudáveis. Os resultados deste projeto poderão ser ampliados para o município e podem constituir um importante apoio na luta por melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HAS

Implementação da busca ativa na prevenção do câncer de colo uterino na UBS Belvedere, Pará de Minas - MG

O câncer de colo de útero é o segundo câncer mais prevalente entre mulheres, responsável por milhares de óbitos anuais, porém quando precocemente detectado tem imensas chances de cura. A detecção precoce do câncer e de suas lesões precursoras se dá pelo exame Papanicolau. Exame simples, eficiente e de baixo custo que possibilita um rastreamento de até 80 % dos casos de câncer de colo uterino e se forem tratadas as lesões iniciais de forma correta, a taxa de redução de câncer colo uterino pode chegar a 90 %. Deve ser oferecido às mulheres na faixa etária de 25 a 64 anos e que já tiveram atividade sexual. Uma das diversas funções da unidade básica de saúde é a coleta de material para o exame de citopatologia oncótica, ou seja, o exame Papanicolau, que deve ser realizada rotineiramente, conforme preconização do Ministério da Saúde. Sabe-se, entretanto, que muitas pacientes negligenciam tal coleta ficando períodos longos sem se submeterem ao exame. Assim, uma forma de contornar essa situação seria a busca ativa das pacientes que estariam no momento de fazer um novo exame de prevenção do câncer de colo de útero. Pretende-se aplicar uma planilha cadastrando as mulheres pertencentes a UBS Belvedere a fim de realizar a busca ativa das mesmas para coleta do exame preventivo de câncer de colo uterino e identificar a frequência em que as mulheres realizam este exame. Além disso, identificar a faixa etária que tem maior e menor assiduidade na coleta do Papanicolau

Polyphenol Extraction Optimisation From Ceylon Gooseberry (dovyalis Hebecarpa) Pulp.

Originally from Asia, Dovyalis hebecarpa is a dark purple/red exotic berry now also produced in Brazil. However, no reports were found in the literature about phenolic extraction or characterisation of this berry. In this study we evaluate the extraction optimisation of anthocyanins and total phenolics in D. hebecarpa berries aiming at the development of a simple and mild analytical technique. Multivariate analysis was used to optimise the extraction variables (ethanol:water:acetone solvent proportions, times, and acid concentrations) at different levels. Acetone/water (20/80 v/v) gave the highest anthocyanin extraction yield, but pure water and different proportions of acetone/water or acetone/ethanol/water (with >50% of water) were also effective. Neither acid concentration nor time had a significant effect on extraction efficiency allowing to fix the recommended parameters at the lowest values tested (0.35% formic acid v/v, and 17.6 min). Under optimised conditions, extraction efficiencies were increased by 31.5% and 11% for anthocyanin and total phenolics, respectively as compared to traditional methods that use more solvent and time. Thus, the optimised methodology increased yields being less hazardous and time consuming than traditional methods. Finally, freeze-dried D. hebecarpa showed high content of target phytochemicals (319 mg/100g and 1,421 mg/100g of total anthocyanin and total phenolic content, respectively).

Chemical Composition And Free Radical-scavenging, Anticancer And Anti-inflammatory Activities Of The Essential Oil From Ocimum Kilimandscharicum.

The essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (EOOK), collected in Dourados-MS, was investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and chemical composition. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil was evaluated for free radical-scavenging activity using the DPPH assay and was tested in an anticancer assay against ten human cancer cell lines. The response parameter (GI50) was calculated for the cell lines tested. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. The chemical composition showed 45 components with a predominance of monoterpenes, such as camphor (51.81%), 1,8 cineole (20.13%) and limonene (11.23%). The EOOK exhibited potent free radical-scavenging activity by the DPPH assay with a GI50 of 8.31 μg/ml. The major constituents, pure camphor (IC50=12.56 μg/ml) and mixture of the limonene: 1, 8 cineole (IC50=23.25 μg/ml) displayed a potent activity. The oral administration of EOOK (at 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)), as well as the pure camphor or a mixture of 1,8 cineole with limonene, significantly inhibited the carrageenan (Cg) induced pleurisy, reducing the migration of total leukocytes in mice by 82 ± 4% (30 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 95 ± 4% (100 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 83 ± 9% (camphor) and 80 ± 5% (mixture of 1,8 cineole:limonene 1:1). In vitro cytotoxicity screening against a human ovarian cancer cell line displayed high selectivity and potent anticancer activity with GI50=31.90 mg ml(-1). This work describes the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant effects of EOOK for the first time. The essential oil exhibited marked anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects, an effect that can be attributed the presence of majorital compounds, and the response profiles from chemical composition differed from other oils collected in different locales.

Determination Of Flavanones In Orange Juices Obtained From Different Sources By Hplc/dad.

Flavanones (hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, and poncirin) in industrial, hand-squeezed orange juices and from fresh-in-squeeze machines orange juices were determined by HPLC/DAD analysis using a previously described liquid-liquid extraction method. Method validation including the accuracy was performed by using recovery tests. Samples (36) collected from different Brazilian locations and brands were analyzed. Concentrations were determined using an external standard curve. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) calculated were 0.0037, 1.87, 0.0147, and 0.0066 mg 100 g(-1) and 0.0089, 7.84, 0.0302, and 0.0200 mg 100 g(-1) for naringin, hesperidin, poncirin, and naringenin, respectively. The results demonstrated that hesperidin was present at the highest concentration levels, especially in the industrial orange juices. Its average content and concentration range were 69.85 and 18.80-139.00 mg 100 g(-1). The other flavanones showed the lowest concentration levels. The average contents and concentration ranges found were 0.019, 0.01-0.30, and 0.12 and 0.1-0.17, 0.13, and 0.01-0.36 mg 100 g(-1), respectively. The results were also evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis technique which showed that poncirin, naringenin, and naringin were the principal elements that contributed to the variability in the sample concentrations.

Correlation Between Testosterone And Psa Kinetics In Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Diverse Chemical Castrations.

To assess total testosterone and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics among diverse chemical castrations, advanced-stage prostate cancer patients were randomized into three groups of 20: Group 1, Leuprolide 3.75 mg; Group 2, Leuprolide 7.5 mg; and Group 3, Goserelin 3.6 mg. All groups were treated with monthly application of the respective drugs. The patients' levels of serum total testosterone and PSA were evaluated at two time periods: before the treatment and 3 months after the treatment. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was utilized to verify the hypothesis of linear correlation between total testosterone and PSA levels. At the beginning the patients' age, stage, grade, PSA, and total testosterone were similar within the three groups, with median age 72, 70, and 70 years in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Three months after the treatment, patients who received Leuprolide 7.5 mg presented significantly lower median total testosterone levels compared with Goserelin 3.6 mg and Leuprolide 3.75 mg (9.5 ng/dL vs. 20.0 ng/dL vs. 30.0 ng/dL, respectively; p = .0072), while those who received Goserelin 3.6 mg presented significantly lower PSA levels compared with Leuprolide 7.5 mg and Leuprolide 3.75 mg (0.67 vs. 1.86 vs. 2.57, respectively; p = .0067). There was no linear correlation between total testosterone and PSA levels. Overall, regarding castration levels of total testosterone, 28.77% of patients did not obtain levels ≤50 ng/dL and 47.80% did not obtain levels ≤20 ng/dL. There was no correlation between total testosterone and PSA kinetics and no equivalence among different pharmacological castrations.

Decreased Expression Of Stem Cell Markers By Simvastatin In 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba)-induced Breast Cancer.

Simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase widely used in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia-related diseases, has recently been associated to in vitro anticancer stem cell (CSC) actions. However, these effects have not been confirmed in vivo. To assess in vivo anti-CSC effects of simvastatin, female Sprague-Dawley rats with 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer and control animals were treated for 14 days with either simvastatin (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) or soybean oil (N = 60). Tumors and normal breast tissues were removed for pathologic examination and immunodetection of CSC markers. At 40 mg/kg/day, simvastatin significantly reduced tumor growth and the expression of most CSC markers. The reduction in tumor growth (80%) could not be explained solely by the decrease in CSCs, since the latter accounted for less than 10% of the neoplasia (differentiated cancer cells were also affected). Stem cells in normal, nonneoplastic breast tissues were not affected by simvastatin. Simvastatin was also associated with a significant decrease in proliferative activity but no increase in cell death. In conclusion, this is the first study to confirm simvastatin anti-CSC actions in vivo, further demonstrating that this effect is specific for neoplastic cells, but not restricted to CSCs, and most likely due to inhibition of cell proliferation.

S-nitrosoglutathione Accelerates Recovery From 5-fluorouracil-induced Oral Mucositis.

Mucositis induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of cancer therapy. To evaluate the effect of the topical application of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. Oral mucositis was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of 5-FU on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical trauma on the fourth day. Animals received saline, HPMC or HPMC/GSNO (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mM) 1 h prior to the 5-FU injection and twice a day for 10 or 14 days. Samples of cheek pouches were harvested for: histopathological analysis, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, immunohistochemical staining for iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Ki67 and TGF-β RII and a TUNEL assay. The presence and levels of 39 bacterial taxa were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The profiles of NO released from the HPMC/GSNO formulations were characterized using chemiluminescence. The HPMC/GSNO formulations were found to provide sustained release of NO for more than 4 h at concentration-dependent rates of 14 to 80 nmol/mL/h. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO (0.5 mM) significantly reduced mucosal damage, inflammatory alterations and cell death associated with 5-FU-induced oral mucositis on day 14 but not on day 10. HPMC/GSNO administration also reversed the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell proliferation on day 14. In addition, we observed that the chemotherapy significantly increased the levels and/or prevalence of several bacterial species. Topical HPMC/GSNO accelerates mucosal recovery, reduces inflammatory parameters, speeds up re-epithelization and decreases levels of periodontopathic species in mucosal ulcers.

Effect Of Atorvastatin On Wound Healing In Rats.

Skin-wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Recent studies have shown that statins are new therapeutical options because of their actions, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, on vasodilation, endothelial dysfunction and neoangiogenesis, which are independent of their lipid-lowering action. Our aim was to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on tissue repair after acute injury in healthy animals. Rats were divided into four groups: placebo-treated (P), topical atorvastatin-treated (AT), oral atorvastatin-treated (AO), topical and oral atorvastatin-treated (ATO). Under anesthesia, rats were wounded with an 8-mm punch in the dorsal region. Lesions were photographed on Days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 12, and 14 post-injury and samples taken on Days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for protein-expression analysis of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Upon macroscopic examination, we observed significant reductions of lesion areas in groups AT, AO, and ATO compared to the P group. Additionally, AT and AO groups showed increased expression of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GSK-3, and IL-10 on Days 1 and 3 when compared with the P group. All atorvastatin-treated groups showed higher expression of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GSK-3, IL-10, eNOS, VEGF, and ERK on Day 7. On Days 1, 3, and 7, all atorvastatin-treated groups showed lower expression of IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the P group. We conclude that atorvastatin accelerated tissue repair of acute lesions in rats and modulated expressions of proteins and cytokines associated with cell-growth pathways.

Efficacy And Safety Of Intravitreal Bevacizumab In Eyes With Neovascular Glaucoma Undergoing Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation: 2-year Follow-up.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) undergoing Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. This was a multicentre, prospective, randomized clinical trial that enrolled 40 patients with uncontrolled neovascular glaucoma that had undergone panretinal photocoagulation and required glaucoma drainage device implantation. Patients were randomized to receive IVB (1.25 mg) or not during Ahmed valve implant surgery. Injections were administered intra-operatively, and 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. After a mean follow-up of 2.25 ± 0.67 years (range 1.5-3 years), both groups showed a significant decrease in IOP (p < 0.05). There was no difference in IOP between groups except at the 18-month interval, when IOP in IVB group was significantly lower (14.57 ± 1.72 mmHg vs. 18.37 ± 1.06 mmHg - p = 0.0002). There was no difference in survival success rates between groups. At 24 months, there was a trend to patients treated with IVB using less antiglaucoma medications than the control group (p = 0.0648). Complete regression of rubeosis iridis was significantly more frequent in the IVB group (80%) than in the control group (25%) (p = 0.0015). Intravitreal bevacizumab may lead to regression of new vessels both in the iris and in the anterior chamber angle in patients with neovascular glaucoma undergoing Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. There is a trend to slightly lower IOPs and number of medications with IVB use during AGV implantation for neovascular glaucoma.

Tratamento clínico da epilepsia resistente

The authors analysed 34 cases of resistant epilepsy (20 males and 14 females, mean age 23 years), treated clinically between February/1984 and May/1986. The patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological, psychological, psychiatric, cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalographic, tomographic and/or angiographic examination. Most of the patients had complex partial seizures. The etiology was unknown in 19 patients (55.8%), probable neurocysticercosis in 6, perinatal hypoxia in 5, delivery trauma in 3 and probable sequelae of encephalitis in 2 patients. There was a clear past history of infantile febrile convulsion in 2 patients. Most patients received carbamazepine (mean dose 24.5 mg/kg/day), phenytoin (5 mg/kg and valproic acid (28 mg/kg) as monotherapy or in association. Twenty-two patients (64.7%) had more than 80% decrease of the seizure frequency. Nine resistant epilepsy-cases (24.5%) were evaluated as candidates for surgical therapy. The authors concluded that the resistant epilepsy is best managed by a specialised, multidisciplinary team, and pointed out the need of a correct diagnosis of the seizure type, an adequate drug therapy and a good engagement of the patient and his family in the treatment.

Efeito da ingestão de cafeina sobre o deficit acumulado de oxigenio, sinal eletromiografico dos musculos superficiais do quadriceps e desempenho fisico de ciclistas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física