Uma Abordagem teórica e o caso de Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde no seu processo de desenvolvimento desde a independência até os dias de hoje, tem sido financiado com recursos de terceiros, num processo de endividamento crescente. Torna-se, pois, necessária uma contextualização histórica da questão da dívida pública Cabo-verdiana, onde se busca demonstrar tanto o seu surgimento e evolução, de 1975 a presente data, assim como as reformas legislativas que tiveram lugar nesse quadro. A gestão da dívida pública, por ter implicações não só na actualidade, mas também nas gerações futuras, carece de um mecanismo / instrumento de transparência. A previsibilidade e transparência na gestão da dívida pública, hoje muito falada, tem suscitado controvérsias no seio da sociedade, mostrando assim a necessidade de instrumentos próprios para a sua efectivação, e é nesse sentido que o presente trabalho aborda e propõe a introdução de um novo instrumento - plano anual de financiamento - na gestão da dívida pública cabo-verdiana.

Guayule and Russian dandelion as alternative sources of natural rubber.

Natural rubber, obtained almost exclusively from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), is a unique biopolymer of strategic importance that, in many of its most significant applications, cannot be replaced by synthetic rubber alternatives. Several pressing motives lead to the search for alternative sources of natural rubber. These include increased evidence of allergenic reactions to Hevea rubber, the danger that the fungal pathogen Microcyclus ulei, causative agent of South American Leaf Blight (SALB), might spread to Southeast Asia, which would severely disrupt rubber production, potential shortages of supply due to increasing demand and changes in land use, and a general trend towards the replacement of petroleum-derived chemicals with renewables. Two plant species have received considerable attention as potential alternative sources of natural rubber: the Mexican shrub Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) and the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz). This review will summarize the current production methods and applications of natural rubber (dry rubber and latex), the threats to the production of natural rubber from the rubber tree, and describe the current knowledge of the production of natural rubber from guayule and Russian dandelion.

Fil. mag. Irma Karvikko 7.12.1972 Åbo

Kirje

Troparium, prosarium, processionale, tonarium Sancti Martialis Lemovicensis.

F. 2-41v Tropaire. F. 42-57v Tropes du Gloria. F. 58-72v Séquences sans paroles : — « Nostra tuba » (58v) ; — « Planctus pueri captivati » ; « Filii plangant » ; « Planctus cigni » (67v). F. 73-89v « Tracti » (sic) et cantique « Benedicite ». F. 90-137 Offertorial. F. 138-179v Processionnal. F. 187-195v et 218-223v Antiennes des cantiques évangéliques, etc. F. 196 Fragment de prosaire. F. 201v-206v Tonaire. F. 210v-217 et 179v-186v Versets d'alleluia. F. 223v Chants de l'office de la Trinité. F. 229v-247 Chants et poésies divers : « De b. Abraham. Senex fidelis... » (232-234) F. 1 Cantique des Vierges. Cf. Mearns. Canticles, 92. F. 1v-6 et 247v Notes de la main de BERNARD ITIER (Chron. de S. Martial, édit. Duplès-Agier, XXXII, XXXVIII, 35, 44, 236). F. 232-234 PRUDENTIUS, Praefatio Psychomachiae (C. V., LXI, 167-710 ; édit. Lavarenne, 127-132).

Clinical predictors of prophylaxis use prior to the onset of acute venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER).

BACKGROUND: We investigated clinical predictors of appropriate prophylaxis prior to the onset of venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS: In 14 Swiss hospitals, 567 consecutive patients (306 medical, 261 surgical) with acute VTE and hospitalization < 30 days prior to the VTE event were enrolled. RESULTS: Prophylaxis was used in 329 (58%) patients within 30 days prior to the VTE event. Among the medical patients, 146 (48%) received prophylaxis, and among the surgical patients, 183 (70%) received prophylaxis (P < 0.001). The indication for prophylaxis was present in 262 (86%) medical patients and in 217 (83%) surgical patients. Among the patients with an indication for prophylaxis, 135 (52%) of the medical patients and 165 (76%) of the surgical patients received prophylaxis (P < 0.001). Admission to the intensive care unit [odds ratio (OR) 3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94-5.57], recent surgery (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.51-3.44), bed rest > 3 days (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.45-3.09), obesity (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.03-3.90), prior deep vein thrombosis (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.31-2.24) and prior pulmonary embolism (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05-2.26) were independent predictors of prophylaxis. In contrast, cancer (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.89-1.25), age (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.01), acute heart failure (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.79-1.63) and acute respiratory failure (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.89-1.59) were not predictive of prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Although an indication for prophylaxis was present in most patients who suffered acute VTE, almost half did not receive any form of prophylaxis. Future efforts should focus on the improvement of prophylaxis for hospitalized patients, particularly in patients with cancer, acute heart or respiratory failure, and in the elderly.

Monitorização da Flora Autóctone da Ilha de São Vicente

Com o objectivo de se fazer um estudo restrito da flora autóctone de São Vicente, realizou-se o presente trabalho, para se clarificar qual é a situação actual da flora autóctone da ilha, focalizando as potenciais áreas de ocorrência das mesmas. Com base nos inventários florísticos realizados nos meses de Dezembro de 2006 e Abril de 2007, são apresentados neste trabalho, dados sobre a distribuição, o tamanho populacional e o estatuto de conservação de angiospérmicas autóctones ocorrendo na ilha. Por conseguinte, apresentam-se, também, os principais locais de ocorrência e uma avaliação quantitativa de 21 dos 35 taxa endémicos e de 1 arbusto indígena. Do total dos taxa endémicos, 21 são dicotiledóneas e 1 é monocotiledónea, representantes de 16 famílias e 21 géneros destas duas divisões, concluindo-se que a família Asteraceae é a melhor representada, com 5 espécies. Realizou-se ainda, o esboço cartográfico das espécies endémicas e indígenas em risco de extinção e a monitorização dos ecossistemas em que as mesmas se encontram inseridas evidenciando o seu grau de degradação. Populações de espécies endémicas são apresentadas em vários locais da ilha, destacando-se a nova população de Limonium jovi-barba com 217 espécimes, encontrada no Carriçal, bem como a população relativamente grande de Euphorbia tuckeyana com 2320 espécimes inventariados no Madeiral. Identificaram-se ainda diferentes espécies raras, em pontos de relativa incidência de factores degradativos, como é o caso do Parque Natural do Monte Verde. Citam-se os exemplos de Aeonium gorgoneum (835 espécimes), Conyza pannosa (16 espécimes), Campanula jacobaea (16 espécimes), Lavandula rotundifolia (46 espécimes), Launaea gorgadensis (14 espécimes) e Sonchus daltonii (11 espécimes). Estas espécies apresentam elevado valor científico e socio-económico, sendo aquelas encontradas em reduzido número.

Näyttelijätär Hilkka Ollikainen 10/12 1974

Kirje 10.12.1974

Los Angeles avajaispäivänä 30/7 1932

Kirje 30.7.1932

Tohtori Jouko Siipi 14/9 1964

Kirje

Influence of the timing of cardiac surgery on the outcome of patients with infective endocarditis and stroke.

BACKGROUND: The timing of cardiac surgery after stroke in infective endocarditis (IE) remains controversial. We examined the relationship between the timing of surgery after stroke and the incidence of in-hospital and 1-year mortalities. METHODS: Data were obtained from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study of 4794 patients with definite IE who were admitted to 64 centers from June 2000 through December 2006. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the impact of early surgery on hospital and 1-year mortality after adjustments for other significant covariates. RESULTS: Of the 857 patients with IE complicated by ischemic stroke syndromes, 198 who underwent valve replacement surgery poststroke were available for analysis. Overall, 58 (29.3%) patients underwent early surgical treatment vs 140 (70.7%) patients who underwent late surgical treatment. After adjustment for other risk factors, early surgery was not significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality rates (odds ratio, 2.308; 95% confidence interval [CI], .942-5.652). Overall, probability of death after 1-year follow-up did not differ between 2 treatment groups (27.1% in early surgery and 19.2% in late surgery group, P = .328; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.138; 95% CI, .802-1.650). CONCLUSIONS: There is no apparent survival benefit in delaying surgery when indicated in IE patients after ischemic stroke. Further observational analyses that include detailed pre- and postoperative clinical neurologic findings and advanced imaging data (eg, ischemic stroke size), may allow for more refined recommendations on the optimal timing of valvular surgery in patients with IE and recent stroke syndromes.