965 resultados para 71.55.Eq
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A quarterly journal of Iowa authors and their works produced by State Historical Society of Iowa.
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A quarterly journal of Iowa authors and their works produced by State Historical Society of Iowa.
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A quarterly journal of Iowa authors and their works produced by State Historical Society of Iowa.
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Purpose: To work out certain, well-defined aetiologies frequently associated with mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) in order to predict a typical population at risk, since MVT is nowadays often incidentally detected on cross-sectional imaging. To demonstrate the MDCT features, frequency and extent of associated bowel ischemia according to the underlying pathology. Methods and materials: Our electronic database revealed 71 patients (25 women, mean age 55) with thrombosis of the superior and/or inferior mesenteric vein detected by MDCT between 2000 and 2008. Two radiologists jointly reviewed the corresponding MDCT features including intraluminal extension, underlying aetiology and associated bowel ischemia, if present. Results: MVT was associated with carcinoma in 31 (43.7%) patients (pancreas 21.1%, liver 9.9%, others 12.7%). Concomitant inflammation was seen in 15 (21.1%) patients (pancreatitis 11.3%, diverticulitis 4.2%, others 5.6%), whereas coagulation/hematologic disorders were found in 7 (9.9%) patients, liver cirrhosis in 6 (8.5%), mixed/miscellaneous causes in 5 (7%) and still unknown aetiologies in 5 patients (7%). MVT resulted from recent operations in 2 (2.8%) patients. MDCT features of venous bowel ischemia were present in 15 patients (21.1%). 46.5% of MVT were (sub) acute, while 53.5% chronic. The luminal extension was complete in 52.1%, subtotal (>50% of lumen) in 22.5% and partial (<50% of lumen) in 25.4% of patients, consisting either of blood clots (76.1%) or tumoral tissue (23.9%), the latter mainly due to pancreas adenocarcinoma (76.4%). Conclusion: MDCT features of MVT are seen with a wide range of underlying diseases. Signs of intestinal ischemia are infrequently associated, mostly occurring with coagulation/hematologic disorders (40%).
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Contexte: Plusieurs études randomisées ont démontré que l'hypothermie thérapeutique modérée (33 à 34°C pendant 12 à 24H) diminue la mortalité intra-hospitalière et améliore le pronostic neurologique chez les patients comateux suite à un arrêt cardio-respiratoire (ACR). Néanmoins cette technique n'est pas dénuée d'effets secondaires au premier rang desquels on trouve les perturbations infectieuses, cardiovasculaires et hydroélectriques. L'introduction d'une prophylaxie antibiotique susceptible de diminuer l'incidence des complications infectieuses chez ces patients est préconisée par certains experts. Objectif: Evaluer si une prophylaxie antibiotique d'Augmentin® pendant 5 à 7 jours peut réduire l'incidence de pneumonies acquises sous ventilateur (VAP) au sein d'une cohorte de patients comateux hospitalisés à la suite d'un arrêt cardio-respiratoire et traités par hypothermie thérapeutique. Méthodologie: Analyse d'une base de données prospective comprenant des patients admis aux SI du Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV) entre juin 2007 et juillet 2011 en raison d'un ACR et traités par hypothermie thérapeutique, selon notre protocole standard de prise en charge. Pour définir si une infection était présente, nous avons analysé rétrospectivement le dossier informatique de chaque patient à la recherche des données nécessaires (radiographies du thorax, microbiologie, etc.). Nous avons également calculé le score CPIS (Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score) quotidien de chaque patient lorsque cela était possible. Le score CPIS a été validé comme outil visant à faciliter le diagnostic de VAP. Il est calculé sur la base de points attribués pour différents signes et symptômes de pneumonie. Résultats: 147 patients (âge moyen 62 ans, durée moyenne de l'arrêt circulatoire 26 min) ont été étudiés. 33% ont développé une infection (dont 30,5% de VAP) parmi lesquels 32/71 (45%) des patients qui n'ont pas reçu de prophylaxie et 17/76 (22%) de ceux qui en ont reçu une (P=0.0035). Il y a avait significativement plus de patients avec un CPIS >6 dans le groupe sans prophylaxie au jour 3 (36/65 [55%] vs. 17/69 [25%], P=0.003) et au jour 5 (24/42 [57%] vs. 17/51 [33%], P=0.02) après admission. Le CPIS médian était aussi plus bas chez les patients avec prophylaxie aux 5ème et 7ème jours (6 [range 0-10] vs. 4.5 [range 0-11], P=0.03 et 7 [range 0-10] vs. 4 [range 0-19], P=0.02, respectivement). La mortalité hospitalière était comparable entre les deux groupes (36/71 [51%] vs. 35/76 [46%], P=0.58). Conclusions: Une prophylaxie antibiotique est une mesure efficace pour réduire la survenue de VAP chez les patients avec ACR et hypothermie thérapeutique. Ce résultat devrait encourager des études à plus large échelle afin de démontrer si une antiobioprophylaxie peut également diminuer la mortalité hospitalière. Le score CPIS est un outil valide et utile dans ce contexte pour faciliter le diagnostic de pneumonie liée au ventilateur.
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According to molecular epidemiology theory, two isolates belong to the same chain of transmission if they are similar according to a highly discriminatory molecular typing method. This has been demonstrated in outbreaks, but is rarely studied in endemic situations. Person-to-person transmission cannot be established when isolates of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belong to endemically predominant genotypes. By contrast, isolates of infrequent genotypes might be more suitable for epidemiological tracking. The objective of the present study was to determine, in newly identified patients harbouring non-predominant MRSA genotypes, whether putative epidemiological links inferred from molecular typing could replace classical epidemiology in the context of a regional surveillance programme. MRSA genotypes were defined using double-locus sequence typing (DLST) combining clfB and spa genes. A total of 1,268 non-repetitive MRSA isolates recovered between 2005 and 2006 in Western Switzerland were typed: 897 isolates (71%) belonged to four predominant genotypes, 231 (18%) to 55 non-predominant genotypes, and 140 (11%) were unique. Obvious epidemiological links were found in only 106/231 (46%) patients carrying isolates with non-predominant genotypes suggesting that molecular surveillance identified twice as many clusters as those that may have been suspected with classical epidemiological links. However, not all of these molecular clusters represented person-to-person transmission. Thus, molecular typing cannot replace classical epidemiology but is complementary. A prospective surveillance of MRSA genotypes could help to target epidemiological tracking in order to recognise new risk factors in hospital and community settings, or emergence of new epidemic clones.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for stroke seems to be beneficial independent of the underlying etiology. Whether this is also true for cervical artery dissection (CAD) is addressed in this study.METHODS: We used the Swiss IVT databank to compare outcome and complications of IVT-treated patients with CAD with IVT-treated patients with other etiologies (non-CAD patients). Main outcome and complication measures were favorable 3-month outcome, intracranial cerebral hemorrhage, and recurrent ischemic stroke. Modified Rankin Scale score <or=1 at 3 months was considered favorable.RESULTS: Fifty-five (5.2%) of 1062 IVT-treated patients had CAD. Patients with CAD were younger (median age 50 versus 70 years) but had similar median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (14 versus 13) and time to treatment (152.5 versus 156 minutes) as non-CAD patients. In the CAD group, 36% (20 of 55) had a favorable 3-month outcome compared with 44% (447 of 1007) non-CAD patients (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.26), which was less favorable after adjustment for age, gender, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.95; P=0.03). Intracranial cerebral hemorrhages (asymptomatic, symptomatic, fatal) were equally frequent in CAD (14% [7%, 7%, 2%]) and non-CAD patients (14% [9%, 5%, 2%]; P=0.99). Recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 1.8% of patients with CAD and in 3.7% of non-CAD-patients (P=0.71).CONCLUSIONS: IVT-treated patients with CAD do not recover as well as IVT-treated non-CAD patients. However, intracranial bleedings and recurrent ischemic strokes were equally frequent in both groups. They do not account for different outcomes and indicate that IVT should not be excluded in patients who may have CAD. Hemodynamic compromise or frequent tandem occlusions might explain the less favorable outcome of patients with CAD.
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[Traditions. France. Berry]
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[Traditions. France. Berry]
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[Traditions. France. Berry]
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[Traditions. France. Berry]
