Domestic use of a disclosing solution for denture hygiene: a randomised trial

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the domestic use of a disclosing agent for denture hygiene. Materials and methods: Completely edentulous participants wearing maxillary dentures were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups: (1) Follow-up only (control; n = 12); (2) Oral and denture hygiene instructions (n = 10); (3) Instructions associated with the home use of a disclosing agent (1% neutral red; n = 10). Biofilm coverage area (%) over internal and external surfaces of the maxillary denture was assessed at baseline and after 14 and 90 days. Data were evaluated by generalised estimating equations based on score tests (alpha = 0.05). Results: The participants presented low changes for areas of biofilm coverage (14 days (%): internal: GI = 1.4 +/- 0.9; GII = 1.5 +/- 1.3; GIII = -0.4 +/- 0.9; external: GI = 1.4 +/- 1.5; GII = 1.5 +/- 1.4; GIII = -0.4 +/- 0.9; 90 days (%): internal: GI = 2.0 +/- 0.9; GII = 2.2 +/- 1.4; GIII = 0.3 +/- 1.0; external: GI = 2.1 +/- 1.4; GII = 2.2 +/- 1.5; GIII = 0.3 +/- 0.9). Changes were similar for the three groups (p = 0.293) and were not influenced by the test time (p = 0.218). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the home use of a disclosing agent for denture hygiene does not improve the removal of the biofilm, particularly for patients with adequate oral hygiene habits.

Physical Properties of an Acrylic Resin after Incorporation of an Antimicrobial Monomer

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of the incorporation of the antimicrobial monomer methacryloyloxyundecylpyridinium bromide (MUPB) on the hardness, roughness, flexural strength, and color stability of a denture base material. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six disk-shaped (14-mm diameter x 4-mm thick) and 30 rectangular (65 x 10 x 3.3 mm(3)) heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were divided into three groups according to the concentration of MUPB (w/w): (A) 0%, (B) 0.3%, (C) 0.6%. Hardness was assessed by a hardness tester equipped with a Vickers diamond penetrator. Flexural strength and surface roughness were tested on a universal testing machine and a surface roughness tester, respectively. Color alterations (Delta E) were measured by a portable spectrophotometer after 12 and 36 days of immersion in water, coffee, or wine. Variables were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05). Results: The following mean results (+/-SD) were obtained for hardness (A: 15.6 +/- 0.6, B: 14.6 +/- 1.7, C: 14.8 +/- 0.8 VHN; ANOVA: p = 0.061), flexural strength (A: 111 +/- 17, B: 105 +/- 12, C: 88 +/- 12 MPa; ANOVA: p = 0.008), and roughness (A: 0.20 +/- 0.11, B: 0.20 +/- 0.11, C: 0.24 +/- 0.08 mu m; ANOVA: p = 0.829). Color changes of immersed specimens were significantly influenced by solutions and time (A: 9.1 +/- 3.1, B: 14.8 +/- 7.5, C: 13.3 +/- 6.1 Delta E; ANOVA: p < 0.05). Conclusions: The incorporation of MUPB affects the mechanical properties of a denture base acrylic resin; however, the only significant change was observed for flexural strength and may not be critical. Color changes were slightly higher when resin containing MUPB was immersed in wine for a prolonged time; however, the difference has debatable clinical relevance.

Long-term outcomes of genetic counseling in women at increased risk of developing hereditary breast cancer Information,

This multicenter study evaluated the impact of genetic counseling in 218 women at risk of developing hereditary breast cancer. Women were assessed prior to counseling and 12-month post-counseling using self-administered, mailed questionnaires. Compared to baseline, breast cancer genetics knowledge was increased significantly at follow-up. and greater increases in knowledge were associated with educational level. Breast cancer anxiety decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up, and these decreases were associated with improvements in perceived risk. A significant decrease in clinical breast examination was observed at the 12-month follow-up. Findings suggest that women with a family history of breast cancer benefit from attending familial cancer clinics as it leads to increases in breast cancer genetics knowledge and decreases in breast cancer anxiety. The lowered rates of clinical breast examination indicate that the content of genetic counseling may need to be reviewed to ensure that women receive and take away the right message. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

2,6,,9-trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dienes and 2,4,6,8-tetraoxaadamantanes: Novel chiral spacer units in macrocyclic polyethers

The unusual chiral heterocyclic systems, trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dienes (bridged bisdioxines), are incorporated as novel spacer molecules into macrocyclic polyether ring systems of various sizes (8, 9 as well as 11-15) by cyclocondensation reaction of the! bisacid chloride 4b or bisesters 6,7 and 10, with several ethylene glycols. The 2:2 macrocycles 12-14 are obtained in approximately 50:50 mixtures of diastereomers. These conclusions are mainly based on HPLC data presented in Table I as well as X-ray analyses of (1R,5R)-8c (space group Pbca, a = 10.163(3) Angstrom, b = 18.999(4) Angstrom, c = 36.187(10) Angstrom, V = 6987(3) Angstrom(3), Z = 8, d(calc) = 1.218 g cm(-3), 6974 reflections, R = 0.0553.), mesolrac-11 (space group P (1) over bar, a = 10.472(5) Angstrom, b = 16.390(5) Angstrom, c = 17.211(5) Angstrom, alpha = 98.69(2)degrees, beta = 93.04(2)degrees, gamma = 98.52(2)degrees, V = 2879.3(18) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, d(calc) = 1.173 g cm(-3), 11,162 reflections, R = 0.0945) and meso-12 (space group P2(1)/c, a = 9.927(2), b = 18.166(3), c = 17.820(3) Angstrom, beta = 96.590(10)degrees, V = 3192.3(10)Angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-c = 1.109 g cm(-3), 3490 reflections, R = 0.0646). The 1:1 macrocycles 8b,c are also formed by intramolecular transesterification of the open-chain bisesters 7b,c and their formation is favored by the use of metal ions as templates. The bridged bisdioxine moieties in 8b and 12 are converted into the corresponding chiral tetra-oxaadamantane spacers to afford macrocycles 16 and 17. Preliminary metal ion complexation studies with selected species (8c, 11-14) were also performed.

Quantitation of alternatively spliced NMDA receptor NR1 isoform mRNA transcripts in human brain by competitive RT-PCR

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-selective subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor is of importance in neuronal differentiation and synapse consolidation, activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, and excitatory amino acid-mediated neuronal toxicity [Neurosci. Res. Program, Bull. 19 (1981) 1; Lab. Invest. 68 (1993) 372]. NMDA receptors exist in vivo as tetrameric or pentameric complexes comprising proteins from two families of homologous subunits, designated NR1 and NR2(A-D) [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185 (1992) 826]. The gene coding for the human NR1 subunit (hNR1) is composed of 21 exons, three of which (4, 20 and 21) can be differentially spliced to generate a total of eight distinct subunit variants. We detail here a competitive RT-PCR (cRT-PCR) protocol to quantify endogenous levels of hNR1 splice variants in autopsied human brain. Quantitation of each hNR1 splice variant is performed using standard curve methodology in which a known amount of synthetic ribonucleic acid competitor (internal standard) is co-amplified against total RNA. This method can be used for the quantitation of hNR1 mRNA levels in response to acute or chronic disease states, in particular in the glutamatergic-associated neuronal loss observed in Alzheimer's disease [J. Neurochem. 78 (2001) 175]. Furthermore, alterations in hNR1 mRNA expression may be reflected at the translational level, resulting in functional changes in the NMDA receptor. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Phylogeny of the Sporobolus indicus complex, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences

The entire internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) region, including the 5.8S subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA ( rDNA), was sequenced by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fragments. The study included 40 Sporobolus ( Family Poaceae, subfamily Chloridoideae) seed collections from 14 putative species ( all 11 species from the S. indicus complex and three Australian native species). These sequences, along with those from two out-group species [ Pennisetum alopecuroides ( L.) Spreng. and Heteropogon contortus ( L.) P. Beauv. ex Roemer & Schultes, Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae], were analysed by the parsimony method (PAUP; version 4.0b4a) to infer phylogenetic relationships among these species. The length of the ITS1, 5.8S subunit and ITS2 region were 222, 164 and 218 base pairs ( bp), respectively, in all species of the S. indicus complex, except for the ITS2 region of S. diandrus P. Beauv. individuals, which was 217 bp long. Of the 624 characters included in the analysis, 245 ( 39.3%) of the 330 variable sites contained potential phylogenetic information. Differences in sequences among the members of the S. pyramidalis P. Beauv., S. natalensis (Steud.) Dur & Schinz and S. jacquemontii Kunth. collections were 0%, while differences ranged from 0 to 2% between these and other species of the complex. Similarly, differences in sequences among collections of S. laxus B. K. Simon, S. sessilis B. K. Simon, S. elongatus R. Br. and S. creber De Nardi were 0%, compared with differences of 1-2% between these four species and the rest of the complex. When comparing S. fertilis ( Steud.) Clayton and S. africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tourney, differences between collections ranged from 0 to 1%. Parsimony analysis grouped all 11 species of the S. indicus complex together, indicating a monophyletic origin. For the entire data set, pair-wise distances among members of the S. indicus complex varied from 0.00 to 1.58%, compared with a range of 20.08-21.44% among species in the complex and the Australian native species studied. A strict consensus phylogenetic tree separated 11 species of the S. indicus complex into five major clades. The phylogeny, based on ITS sequences, was found to be congruent with an earlier study on the taxonomic relationship of the weedy Sporobolus grasses revealed from random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD). However, this cladistic analysis of the complex was not in agreement with that created on past morphological analyses and therefore gives a new insight into the phylogeny of the S. indicus complex.

Alinhamento estrat??gico do Censipam: parceria, efici??ncia e efic??cia na gest??o p??blica

O Centro Gestor e Operacional do Sistema de Prote????o da Amaz??nia (Censipam) desenvolveu, com o apoio t??cnico do Departamento de Programas de Gest??o da Secretaria de Gest??o do Minist??rio do Planejamento Or??amento e Gest??o, o seu alinhamento estrat??gico. Essa atividade abrangeu desde a auto-avalia????o da gest??o e a an??lise dos ambientes interno e externo at?? a defini????o e an??lise de consist??ncia dos componentes estrat??gicos e finalizou-se com a defini????o, a implementa????o e o monitoramento do Plano de Melhoria da Gest??o, denominado de Plano de A????o do Censipam ??? PAS 2005/2006. Para a implementa????o e monitoramento do plano, a equipe do Censipam desenvolveu planilhas eletr??nicas, em software comercial largamente utilizado, que permitem o cadastro, o envio das informa????es e a gera????o autom??tica de relat??rios sobre o desenvolvimento das a????es e do plano. Esta experi??ncia mostra que podem ser desenvolvidas e implementadas solu????es simples, com o apoio t??cnico especializado de ??rg??os do pr??prio governo, utilizando-se tecnologias e recursos dispon??veis, para melhorar a efic??cia e efici??ncia da gest??o dos ??rg??os p??blicos, bastando, para tanto, decis??o e apoio institucionais

Desafios da constru????o de uma pol??tica intersetorial de cultura e educa????o

A transi????o paradigm??tica vivenciada pela gest??o p??blica no Brasil tem provocado a busca por arranjos institucionais capazes de romper com a in??rcia institucional e responder ?? complexidade das novas demandas sociais. O presente estudo busca analisar a intersetorialidade a partir de fatores pol??ticos e institucionais que influenciaram o Programa Mais Educa????o, com foco na articula????o entre as ??reas de educa????o e cultura. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada a partir do estudo sistem??tico da literatura sobre pol??ticas intersetoriais, analisada ?? luz do modelo sist??mico de Easton. Aborda conceitos como agendamento e implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas, centrando-se no debate contempor??neo sobre intersetorialidade. Analisa, a partir dos dados levantados sobre o Programa Mais Educa????o e entrevistas semi dirigidas com gestores dos diferentes minist??rios que o integram, mecanismos existentes na gest??o p??blica para que essa intersetorialidade se efetive. Constata a centralidade do papel das ideias na burocracia de governo em resposta a demandas sociais hist??ricas, contudo sorganizadas. O estudo reconhece a educa????o integral como um campo de atua????o complexo e interdisciplinar, cujo desenvolvimento de pol??ticas p??blicas mais efetivas, eficientes e eficazes, exige abordagens distintas e somat??ria de esfor??os entre as ??reas. A complexidade do modelo de gest??o do Programa reflete-se em um arranjo institucional inovador em que a intersetorialidade otimiza recursos e esfor??os das ??reas envolvidas, exigindo coordena????o intersetorial centralizada e coopera????o entre os ??rg??os

??tica na administra????o p??blica

Esse texto ?? fruto do semin??rio ?????tica na Administra????o P??blica???, realizado na ENAP em 28 de setembro de 2004.

Usucapi??o

Era inevit??vel. Toda vez que se come??a a ouvir repetidamente uma palavra incomum, surge a interroga????o no ar, desafiando o conhecimento dos mais velhos. E os mais velhos, coitados, nem sempre se acham apetrechados para responder a quem interroga. No momento, usucapi??o est?? ocupando o lugar que um dia pertenceu a plebiscito e depois foi ocupado por hermen??utica, inform??tica, ergometria e outras nebulosas vocabulares, hoje mais ou menos decifradas. ??? Papai, que tro??o ?? esse de usucapi??o? ??? pergunta o garoto de curiosidade insaci??vel, que, de resto, pouco se importa em saber o sentido das palavras; prefere saber as coisas diretamente. E o pai, que h?? muitos anos ouvira falar nisso e n??o guardara na cabe??a, responde: ??? Hem, usucapi??o? Usucapi??o ?? um neg??cio que... quer dizer... ora, ???pra??? que voc?? quer saber, menino?

Temas e quest??es sobre a gest??o da despesa p??blica

O presente texto tem por escopo a avalia????o da gest??o da despesa p??blica, num contexto de mudan??as inseridas por novas t??cnicas gerenciais, provocando uma amplia????o do conceito de gest??o da despesa, que, al??m de se preocupar com sistemas e t??cnicas operacionais, teria tamb??m sua aten????o voltada para os resultados e a satisfa????o do cliente. A transforma????o gerada pelo pacote emplementador da reforma ?? avaliada, partindo de uma simula????o em que as reformas seriam consideradas completamente instaladas, com o objetivo de ressaltar suas totais implica????es num contexto futuro. Elege-se o ano de 2020, como um marco, para levantar quest??es cruciais do referido pacote, abordando elementos que poderiam favorecer melhores resultados.

A presen??a do Estado no setor sa??de no Brasil

O artigo analisa, de forma introdut??ria, as mudan??as na pol??tica na ??rea de sa??de no Brasil. A partir de uma breve retomada de alguns estudos que discutem o papel do Estado na provis??o, financiamento e regula????o do setor sa??de, a autora procura estabelecer pontes ou interfaces entre estes modelos te??ricos e o processo hist??rico mais recente, que deu origem ao Sistema ??nico de Sa??de ??? SUS. Finalmente, a autora discute o que mudou e o que ainda permanece, e se mant??m como tra??o caracter??stico do sistema de sa??de brasileiro.

Diagnóstico da deficiência auditiva em Pernambuco: oferta de serviços de média complexidade - 2003

O acesso universal e igualitário às ações e serviços públicos garantido através da Constituição de 1988 tornou mais acessível o diagnóstico precoce da deficiência auditiva. Desta forma, por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), prestadores públicos e privados de serviços proporcionam essa cobertura a toda população, nos diferentes níveis de complexidade. OBJETIVO: O trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a oferta de serviços de diagnóstico da Deficiência Auditiva na média complexidade em Pernambuco no 1º semestre de 2003. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Através de um estudo de séries foram analisados 17669 procedimentos e 372 profissionais da área de diagnóstico da deficiência auditiva nos 185 municípios do estado de Pernambuco, dados retirados do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os procedimentos estão sendo realizados em apenas cinco municípios, a maioria em unidades geridas pela esfera municipal. Também, identificou-se uma distribuição não-eqüitativa da oferta dos procedimentos de diagnóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que muito ainda precisa ser feito para que o acesso e oferta do diagnóstico da deficiência auditiva ocorram de forma horizontal, respeitando as diferenças da comunidade através de um modelo universal, integrativo e eficiente como propõe o Sistema Único de Saúde.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genotipos de soja avaliados no Estado do Mato Grosso

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho, a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de 20 genótipos de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], em seis ambientes no Estado do Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos anos agrícolas de 2004/05 e 2005/06 nos municípios de Rondonópolis, Campo Verde e Vera. Para avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, utilizaram-se os métodos de Lin & Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998) e Centróide (Rocha et al., 2005). A produtividade média de grãos variou de 2.372 kg.ha-1 (Rondonópolis IV) a 3.539 kg.ha-1 (Vera), com média geral dos ambientes de 2.994 kg.ha-1. Em ambas as metodologias, as linhagens BCR 02 57, BCR 02 25, e BCR 02 20 e os cultivares Tabarana e SL 88102 foram classificados como os mais produtivos, adaptados e estáveis, havendo, portanto, coerência entre tais metodologias. Foram recomendadas as linhagens de soja BCR 02 57, e BCR 02 25, BCR 02 20 para amplas condições ambientais, tendo em vista a produtividade de grãos superior.

Mechanical, electrical and electro-mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomer styrene–butadiene–styrene/multiwal carbon nanotubes composites

Composites of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) block copolymer with multiwall carbon nanotubes were processed by solution casting to investigate the influence of filler content, the different ratios of styrene/butadiene in the copolymer and the architecture of the SBS matrix on the electrical, mechanical and electro-mechanical properties of the composites. It was found that filler content and elastomer matrix architecture influence the percolation threshold and consequently the overall composite electrical conductivity. Themechanical properties aremainly affected by the styrene and filler content. Hopping between nearest fillers is proposed as the main mechanism for the composite conduction. The variation of the electrical resistivity is linear with the deformation. This fact, together with the gauge factor values in the range of 2–18, results in appropriate composites to be used as (large) deformation sensors.