Drift parameters optimization of a TPC polarimeter: a simulation study

Time Projection Chamber (TPC) based X-ray polarimeters using Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) are currently being developed to make sensitive measurement of polarization in 2-10 keV energy range. The emission direction of the photoelectron ejected via photoelectric effect carries the information of the polarization of the incident X-ray photon. Performance of a gas based polarimeter is affected by the operating drift parameters such as gas pressure, drift field and drift-gap. We present simulation studies carried out in order to understand the effect of these operating parameters on the modulation factor of a TPC polarimeter. Models of Garfield are used to study photoelectron interaction in gas and drift of electron cloud towards GEM. Our study is aimed at achieving higher modulation factors by optimizing drift parameters. Study has shown that Ne/DME (50/50) at lower pressure and drift field can lead to desired performance of a TPC polarimeter.

Growth of TiO2 Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering for MOS Gate Dielectrics: Influence of Substrate Temperature

Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering technique on p-type silicon(100) substrates held at temperatures in the range 303-673 K. The influence of substrate temperature on the core level binding energies, chemical bonding configuration, crystallographic structure and dielectric properties was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies and Fourier transform infrared transmittance data confirmed the formation of stoichiometric films with anatase phase at a substrate temperature of 673 K. The films formed at 303 K were nanocrystalline with amorphous matrix while those deposited at 673 K were transformed in to crystalline phase and growth of grains in pyramidal like structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy respectively. Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were fabricated with the configuration of Al/TiO2/Si structures. The current voltage, capacitance voltage and conductance voltage characteristics were studied to understand the electrical conduction and dielectric properties of the MOS devices. The leakage current density (at gate voltage of 2 V) decreased from 2.2 x 10(-6) to 1.7 x 10(-7) A/cm(2), the interface trap density decreased from 1.2 x 10(13) to 2.1 x 10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1) and the dielectric constant increased from 14 to 36 with increase of substrate temperature from 303 to 673 K.

Wide-Range Thermometry at Micro/Nano Length Scales with In2O3 Octahedrons as Optical Probes

We report the temperature-dependent photoluminescence and Raman spectra of In2O3 octahedrons synthesized by an evaporation condensation process. The luminescence obtained here is due to the defect-related deep level emission, which shows highly temperature-dependent behavior in 83-573 K range. Both the position as well as the intensity varies with temperature. Similarly, Raman spectroscopy in 83-303 K range shows temperature-dependent variation in peak intensity but no change in the peak position. Interestingly, the variation of intensity for different peaks is consistent with Placzek theory which invokes the possibility of temperature sensing. We demonstrate the reversibility of peak intensity with temperature for consecutive cycles and excellent stability of the octahedrons toward cryogenic temperature sensing. Overall, both the temperature-dependent photoluminescence and Raman spectra can be explored to determine temperature in the cryogenic range at micro/nano length scales. As an example, we evaluate the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of WO3 that undergoes a phase transition around 210 K and temperature-dependent luminescence of Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) where intensity varies with temperature.

Electrochemical, gravimetric and quantum chemical analysis of mild steel corrosion inhibition by colchicine in 1 M HCl medium

The inhibition effect of colchicine (CC) on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution has been investigated by electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometry and also by the gravimetric method. Polarization studies showed that CC acts as mixed type corrosion inhibitor. The inhibitor adsorption process in the MS/CC/HCl system was studied at different temperatures (303-333 K). The adsorption of CC on MS surface is an exothermic process and obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Based on potential of zero charge values and quantum chemical parameters, the mechanism of adsorption has been proposed.

Structural, Optical, and Piezoelectric Response of Lead-Free Ba0.95Mg0.05Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 Nanocrystalline Powder

Nanocrystalline powders of Ba1-xMgxZr0.1Ti0.9O3 (x = 0.025-0.1) were synthesized via citrate assisted sol-gel method. Interestingly, the one with x = 0.05 in the system Ba1-xMgxZr0.1Ti0.9O3 exhibited fairly good piezoelectric response aside from the other physical properties. The phase and structural confirmation of synthesized powder was established by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopic techniques. Two distinct Raman bands i.e., 303 and 723 cm(-1) characteristic of tetragonal phase were observed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to evaluate the phase decomposition of the as-synthesized Ba0.95Mg0.05Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 sample as a function of temperature. The average crystallite size associated with Ba0.95Mg0.05Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 was calculated using Scherrer formula based on the XRD data and was found to be 25 nm. However, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy studies revealed the average crystallite size to be in the range of 30-40 nm, respectively. Kubelka-Munk function was employed to determine the optical band gap of these nanocrystallites. A piezoelectric response of 26 pm/V was observed for Ba0.95Mg0.05Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 nanocrystal by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) technique. Photoluminescence (PL) study carried out on these nanocrystals exhibited a blue emission (470 nm) at room temperature.

Circovirus Porcino (PCV2) en la granja porcina San José Aganorsa durante el periodo del 2011 al 2013

En el presente trabajo se evaluó la importancia sanitaria y económica que presenta la enfermedad Circovirus en la producción porcina de animales de 1 día de nacidos hasta las 12 semanas de vida, mediante tres evaluaciones en la granja porcina San José, AGANORSA en el municipio de Mateare, la prueba diagnóstica utilizada fue ELISA con captura de anticuerpo especifico para circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2), realizada en el laboratorio nacional de diagnóstico veterinario MAGFOR en julio del 2011. En la primera evaluación se determinaron los indicadores epidemiológicos prevalencia, mortalidad y virulencia; utilizando datos de la empresa (diciembre 2011- julio 2012). Se registraron 15 lotes de animales vacunados y 15 no vacunados. Las variables evaluadas fueron: animales eliminados, animales muertos y total de enfermos. Mediante la prueba de comparación de medias (Duncan) se encontraron diferencias significativas (0.05>P) para las variables, prevalencia con el 19% en lotes no vacunados y 15% en lotes vacunados; para mortalidad el 14% y 9% en los lotes respectivos. La virulencia en lotes no vacunados y vacunados mostró diferencia significativa (0.05>P por Tukey), obteniendo valores del 76.82% y 63.82% para lotes no vacunados y vacunados, respectivamente. Mediante la estimación del coeficiente de correlación (Pearson), se encontró la existencia de relación entre el tratamiento y las variables prevalencia, mortalidad y virulencia. Las pérdidas económicas estimadas en los lotes sin vacunar fueron del 18.47% y en los vacunados del 14.90%, equivalentes a 5,893.545 y 5,544.840 Córdobas, respectivamente; con la vacunación se logró una reducción de un 3.57% de pérdidas económicas, que equivalen a 348,705.00 Córdobas. En la segunda y tercera evaluación las pérdidas económicas fueron del 4.47% y del 6%, lo que se traduce en 184,404.00 y 303,105.00 Córdobas, respectivamente. Para evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de la vacuna sobre la mortalidad, se utilizó una prueba t-Student, con resultado estadístico altamente significativo (0.001>P). En la primera evaluación se encontraron resultados positivos frente a la vacunación, reduciendo en gran medida los indicadores epidemiológicos; en la segunda y tercera evaluación se determinaron porcentajes altos de mortalidad debido a factores de manejo y otros agentes etiológicos presentes en la granja (Staphylococcus sp. y Haemophilus Parasuis). La implementación de la vacuna para el control y prevención de Circovirus porcino PCV2, fue todo un éxito en la granja, mejorando los pesos obtenidos a las 23 semanas de vida, de 205 a 242 libras, reduciendo el porcentaje de animales pequeños (colitas) y la mortalidad causada por PCV2.

Evaluación preliminar de treinta genotipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) para grano y forraje

Con el objetivo de identificar genotipos promisorios de sorgo para grano y forraje, se estableció en el Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (CNIA) del Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), un experimento con 30 genotipos de sorgo en el período comprendido de septiembre 2003 a enero 2004. El diseño utilizado fue un látice rectangular modificado 15 x 2 con 3 repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos en campo de las variables de crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por Tukey al 95 % de confiabilidad (∝=0.05). Los resultados revelaron que todas las variables estudiadas mostraron una alta significancia estadística, esto demuestra que hay diferencias muy marcadas entre los genotipos. En cuanto a las repeticiones no hubo efectos significativos sobre la mayoría de las variables, a excepción de la altura de planta, días a floración, días a madurez fisiológica, número de hojas, rendimiento de biomasa foliar, total y de grano ya que mostraron efectos estadísticos altamente significativos y de manera significativa en las variables diámetro de tallo, rendimiento fresco de biomasa tallo y plantas cosechadas. Referente a los bloques, estos influyeron de manera altamente significativa en el diámetro de tallo, sin embargo no ejercieron efectos sobre la mayoría de las variables, a excepción del número de hojas que fue afectada de forma significativa. En algunas de las variables como altura de planta y número de hojas, los genotipos H16 y testigo V30 se destacaron con valores de 303.21 cm y 12 hojas, respectivamente. Respecto a grados brix y senescencia foliar los genotipos L13 y L19 sobresalieron con los mayores valores, obteniendo éstos 15.10 % y 68.19 %, respectivamente. Los genotipos que se destacaron con el mayor rendimiento fresco de biomasa total fueron H15 y el testigo V29, mostrando valores de 71,200 y 70,867 kg/ha, respectivamente. Finalmente L18 se destacó con el mayor rendimiento de grano presentando un valor de 7,796 kg/ha.

Inverse Analysis Determining Interfacial Properties Between Metal Film And Ceramic Substrate With An Adhesive Layer

In the present study, peel tests and inverse analysis were performed to determine the interfacial mechanical parameters for the metal film/ceramic system with an epoxy interface layer between film and ceramic. Al films with a series of thicknesses between 20 and 250 mu m and three peel angles of 90 degrees, 135 degrees and 180 degrees were considered. A finite element model with the cohesive zone elements was used to simulate the peeling process. The finite element results were taken as the training data of a neural network in the inverse analysis. The interfacial cohesive energy and the separation strength can be determined based on the inverse analysis and peel experimental result.

Reconstructing The Vertical Distribution Of The Aeolian Saltation Mass Flux Based On The Probability Distribution Of Lift-Off Velocity

The probability distribution of lift-off velocity of the saltating grains is a bridge to linking microscopic and macroscopic research of aeolian sand transport. The lift-off parameters of saltating grains (i.e., the horizontal and vertical lift-off velocities, resultant lift-off velocity, and lift-off angle) in a wind tunnel are measured by using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). The experimental results show that the probability distribution of horizontal lift-off velocity of saltating particles on a bed surface is a normal function, and that of vertical lift-off velocity is an exponential function. The probability distribution of resultant lift-off velocity of saltating grains can be expressed as a log-normal function, and that of lift-off angle complies with an exponential function. A numerical model for the vertical distribution of aeolian mass flux based on the probability distribution of lift-off velocity is established. The simulation gives a sand mass flux distribution which is consistent with the field data of Namikas (Namikas, S.L., 2003. Field measurement and numerical modelling of acolian mass flux distributions on a sandy beach, Sedimentology 50, 303-326). Therefore, these findings are helpful to further understand the probability characteristics of lift-off grains in aeolian sand transport. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Torsional impact response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded materials with a graded material interlayer

In this paper, the dynamic response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded dissimilar homogeneous half-spaces is studied. It is assumed that the two materials are bonded together with such a inhomogeneous interlayer that makes the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the crack surface is continuous throughout the space. The crack surfaces art assumed to be subjected to torsional impact loading. Laplace and Hankel integral transforms are applied combining with a dislocation density,function to reduce the mixed boundary value problem into a singular integral equation with a generalized Cauchy kernel in Laplace domain. By solving the singular integral equation numerically, and using a numerical Laplace inversion technique, the dynamic stress intensity factors art obtained. The influences of material properties and interlayer thickness on the dynamic stress intensity factor are investigated.

Synchronization of modified Chua's circuit with x vertical bar x vertical bar function

This paper considers the chaos synchronization of the modified Chua's circuit with x vertical bar x vertical bar function. We firstly show that a couple of the modified Chua systems with different parameters and initial conditions can be synchronized using active control when the values of parameters both in drive system and response system are known aforehand. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov stability theory we propose an adaptive active control approach to make the states of two identical Chua systems with unknown constant parameters asymptotically synchronized. Moreover the designed controller is independent of those unknown parameters. Numerical simulations are given to validate the proposed synchronization approach.

Comportamiento agro-industrial de siete variedades de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp. híbrido), sobre un suelo rojo en caña planta

Se estudió el comportamiento agroindustrial de seis variedades de caña de azúcar en caña planta (CP.73-1547; Cp. 74-2005 Cp. 63-588; CP.72-1210) en comparación con la variedad L 72-3 utilizada como testigo: La plantación se realizó el 10 de diciembre de 1986, en terrenos de la Estación Experimental de caña de Azúcar. Sobre un suelo rojo (serie Chila matillo), bajo condiciones de riego; realizándose la cosecha a los 12 meses de edad , el 10 de diciembre de 1987: como criterios de evaluación se determinaron; brotacion; altura, población, floración, rendimiento agrícola, industrial y agro-industrial, utilizándose un diseño de bloques completos al azar y sometiendo los resultados análisis de varianza y prueba de Duncan al 5%: las variedades que obtuvieron el mejor comportamiento en el rendimiento agrícola fueron: CP. 63-538; Cp. 72-2036 y Cp. 74-303; Cp.72-2086; CP 73-1547 y Cp.63-583.

过渡领域三维绕流直接统计模拟位置元法的一种新方案

发展了DSMC方法计算三维绕流位置方法的新方案,还解决了除气动力、矩总体量以外的气动加热和压力分布等局部分布量的计算所提出的新问题.并通过与准确结果的比较证明了采用的方案和技术的有效性.