A Test of the Biogenicity Criteria Established for Microfossils and Stromatolites on Quaternary Tufa and Speleothem Materials Formed in the “Twilight Zone” at Caerwys, UK

Natural Resources Wales and Steven Griffiths are thanked for access to Caerwys quarry and permission to work on the site. Sebastiaan Edelman and Thomas Logeman assisted with fieldwork and provided some of the field photographs. Bouke Lacet (Sedimentology laboratory, VU University Amsterdam) prepared the thin-sections. Three anonymous reviewers helped to sharpen the manuscript, and Sherry Cady provided valuable editorial advice and assistance. A.T.B. was inspired by Martin Brasier. He dedicates this manuscript to his father’s memory.

A Test of the Biogenicity Criteria Established for Microfossils and Stromatolites on Quaternary Tufa and Speleothem Materials Formed in the “Twilight Zone” at Caerwys, UK

Natural Resources Wales and Steven Griffiths are thanked for access to Caerwys quarry and permission to work on the site. Sebastiaan Edelman and Thomas Logeman assisted with fieldwork and provided some of the field photographs. Bouke Lacet (Sedimentology laboratory, VU University Amsterdam) prepared the thin-sections. Three anonymous reviewers helped to sharpen the manuscript, and Sherry Cady provided valuable editorial advice and assistance. A.T.B. was inspired by Martin Brasier. He dedicates this manuscript to his father’s memory.

Hogchocker (Trinectes maculatus)

http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/fce_lter_photos/1293/thumbnail.jpg

Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with coral Acropora eurystoma, 2006

The rise in atmospheric CO2 has caused significant decrease in sea surface pH and carbonate ion (CO3-2) concentration. This decrease has a negative effect on calcification in hermatypic corals and other calcifying organisms. We report the results of three laboratory experiments designed specifically to separate the effects of the different carbonate chemistry parameters (pH, CO3-2, CO2 [aq], total alkalinity [AT], and total inorganic carbon [CT]) on the calcification, photosynthesis, and respiration of the hermatypic coral Acropora eurystoma. The carbonate system was varied to change pH (7.9-8.5), without changing CT; CT was changed keeping the pH constant, and CT was changed keeping the pCO2 constant. In all of these experiments, calcification (both light and dark) was positively correlated with CO3-2 concentration, suggesting that the corals are not sensitive to pH or CT but to the CO3-2 concentration. A decrease of ~30% in the CO3-2 concentration (which is equivalent to a decrease of about 0.2 pH units in seawater) caused a calcification decrease of about 50%. These results suggest that calcification in today's ocean (pCO2 = 370 ppm) is lower by ~20% compared with preindustrial time (pCO2 = 280 ppm). An additional decrease of ~35% is expected if atmospheric CO2 concentration doubles (pCO2 = 560 ppm). In all of these experiments, photosynthesis and respiration did not show any significant response to changes in the carbonate chemistry of seawater. Based on this observation, we propose a mechanism by which the photosynthesis of symbionts is enhanced by coral calcification at high pH when CO2(aq) is low. Overall it seems that photosynthesis and calcification support each other mainly through internal pH regulation, which provides CO3-2 ions for calcification and CO2(aq) for photosynthesis.

From Management to Prevention: the New Cure for Sports Concussion

A case for directing attention away from concussion management and towards the prevention of concussions in sport.

The Design with Intent Method: a design tool for influencing user behaviour

Using product and system design to influence user behaviour offers potential for improving performance and reducing user error, yet little guidance is available at the concept generation stage for design teams briefed with influencing user behaviour. This article presents the Design with Intent Method, an innovation tool for designers working in this area, illustrated via application to an everyday human–technology interaction problem: reducing the likelihood of a customer leaving his or her card in an automatic teller machine. The example application results in a range of feasible design concepts which are comparable to existing developments in ATM design, demonstrating that the method has potential for development and application as part of a user-centred design process.

Tallinmäki–Virojoki-tie, Hamina, Virolahti : Museotien hoito- ja ylläpitosuunnitelma

Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotie sijaitsee Haminan ja Virolahden kunnissa. Museotiejakson pituus on noin 35 kilometriä. Museotieksi poikkeuksellisesti tie 3513 (Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki) on koko pituudeltaan museotie. Se on osa Suurta Rantatietä, joka johtaa Turusta historiallisesti Viipuriin, nykyisin Vaalimaalle. Suuren Rantatien historia ulottuu Turun lähiympäristössä jopa 800-luvulle saakka. Viipurin linnan rakentamisen aloittaminen vuonna 1293 on ollut ajankohta, jolloin yhtenäistä maakulkureittiä Ruotsin itärajan rajalinnaan on tarvittu. Tie on syntynyt valtakunnalliseksi maantieksi hallinnollisista ja sotilaallisista tarpeista. Suuri Rantatie on yksi harvoista Suomen historiallisista teistä, jotka on inventoitu. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotie on säilynyt linjaukseltaan ja korkeussuhteiltaan melko samanlaisena, mitä se on ollut 1700-luvulla. Tie kaartelee laajoja maanviljelysmaisemia, mutta sen varrella on myös metsäisiä jaksoja. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-tie on liitetty Liikenneviraston (silloin Tie- ja vesirakennuslaitoksen) museokohdekokoelmaan vuonna 1982 ensimmäisten kohteiden joukossa. Liikenneviraston museokohdekokoelmassa Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotie edustaa kokoelmapolitiikassa mainittua tieliikennehistoriallista ajanjaksoa, ”Tien varhaisvaiheet 800-1400-luvulla, Jaakko Teitin luettelon keskiaikaiset tiet”. Museotie kuuluu Museoviraston valtakunnallisesti merkittävien rakennettujen kulttuuriympäristöjen luetteloon (RKY) osana Suurta Rantatietä. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotiejakso on ollut vuoteen 1966 osana valtatietä 7. On luonnollista, että noin 800 vuotta vanhoja tien tunnusmerkkejä ei enää löydy. Tie on säilynyt museointihetkensä (1982) asussa melko hyvin. Autoliikenteen vaatimukset ovat muokanneet tietä 1930-luvulta alkaen. Tiehen keskeisesti liittyy edelleenkin havaittava sotilaallinen rakennelma, Salpa-linja, mikä jatkaa tien syntyhistorian perinnettä. Museokohdekokoelmassa Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotien keskeinen arvo on sen ajallinen ja ilmiöllinen kerrostuneisuus. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotien kunto on museaalisesta näkökulmasta hyvä. Myös tien ympäristö vastaa historiallista arvoa. Museokohteena Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-tie on helposti saavutettava ja helposti löytyvä. Maisemallisesti kohde on merkittävä, koska tien linjaus ja mäkisyys sekä maa- ja metsätalousmaisema ovat säilyneet toisiaan täydentävänä kokonaisuutena. Erikoisuutena ovat 1900-luvun alussa rakennetut kivisillat. Niiden kunnon tarkkailu ja kunnossapito ovat tien historialliselle arvolle tärkeitä. Museotien opastaulut ovat uusia ja siistissä kunnossa. Hoito- ja ylläpitosuunnitelmassa esitetään yhtä lisätaulua Klamilan kylään perusteella, että sillä kohdalla on säilynyt tien alkuperäistä linjausta muutaman sadan metrin matkalla maantienä. Klamilan kaupan ja kylätalon pihan kulmasta lähtee ja palaa myöhemmin museotielle (3513) Uuno Klamin tie, jonka tienumero on 14709. Hoito- ja ylläpitosuunnitelman tavoitteena on säilyttää Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-tie todisteena Suomen teiden varhaisvaiheista kerrostuneena valtatieksi vuosina 1938-1966. Tien säilyneisyys museointihetken (1982) asussa edellyttää hienovaraisia toimenpiteitä, joissa erityisesti otetaan huomioon tien liittyminen ympäristöönsä. Toimenpiteillä pyritään korostamaan tien ja sen ympäristön tulkittavuutta. Suunnitelmassa on esitetty toimenpiteitä tien ja sen lähiympäristön kehittämiseksi ja hoitamiseksi sekä tienpitäjän että maanomistajien näkökulmasta. Suunnitelma sisältää alueurakkaan sisällytettävät tieympäristön hoitotoimenpiteet sekä pitkän aikavälin tavoitteena kohteen ympäristön kunnostustoimenpiteitä ja suuntaviivoja tien mahdolliselle korjaukselle.

Pattern formation with a conservation law

Pattern formation in systems with a conserved quantity is considered by studying the appropriate amplitude equations. The conservation law leads to a large-scale neutral mode that must be included in the asymptotic analysis for pattern formation near onset. Near a stationary bifurcation, the usual Ginzburg--Landau equation for the amplitude of the pattern is then coupled to an equation for the large-scale mode. These amplitude equations show that for certain parameters all roll-type solutions are unstable. This new instability differs from the Eckhaus instability in that it is amplitude-driven and is supercritical. Beyond the stability boundary, there exist stable stationary solutions in the form of strongly modulated patterns. The envelope of these modulations is calculated in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and, away from the onset of modulation, is closely approximated by a sech profile. Numerical simulations indicate that as the modulation becomes more pronounced, the envelope broadens. A number of applications are considered, including convection with fixed-flux boundaries and convection in a magnetic field, resulting in new instabilities for these systems.

A expressão plástica nas mãos das crianças

Relatório elaborado para obtenção do grau de mestre em educação pré-escolar

Impact of Routine Fractional Flow Reserve Evaluation During Coronary Angiography on Management Strategy and Clinical Outcome: One-Year Results of the POST-IT.

Penetration of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in clinical practice varies extensively, and the applicability of results from randomized trials is understudied. We describe the extent to which the information gained from routine FFR affects patient management strategy and clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nonselected patients undergoing coronary angiography, in which at least 1 lesion was interrogated by FFR, were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter registry. FFR-driven change in management strategy (medical therapy, revascularization, or additional stress imaging) was assessed per-lesion and per-patient, and the agreement between final and initial strategies was recorded. Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization (MACE) at 1 year was recorded. A total of 1293 lesions were evaluated in 918 patients (mean FFR, 0.81±0.1). Management plan changed in 406 patients (44.2%) and 584 lesions (45.2%). One-year MACE was 6.9%; patients in whom all lesions were deferred had a lower MACE rate (5.3%) than those with at least 1 lesion revascularized (7.3%) or left untreated despite FFR≤0.80 (13.6%; log-rank P=0.014). At the lesion level, deferral of those with an FFR≤0.80 was associated with a 3.1-fold increase in the hazard of cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction/target lesion revascularization (P=0.012). Independent predictors of target lesion revascularization in the deferred lesions were proximal location of the lesion, B2/C type and FFR. CONCLUSIONS: Routine FFR assessment of coronary lesions safely changes management strategy in almost half of the cases. Also, it accurately identifies patients and lesions with a low likelihood of events, in which revascularization can be safely deferred, as opposed to those at high risk when ischemic lesions are left untreated, thus confirming results from randomized trials.

CIL 3.14147.5 – Trilingual dedication to the dei patriei and the Nile by C. Cornelius Gallus, first prefect of Egypt

Photographs and notes by A.E. Gordon

A novel route for FePO4 olivine synthesis from sarcopside oxidation

International audience

Growth of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae), in Ubatuba (SP), Brazil

A total of 2629 individuals of Arenaeus cribrarius (1293 males and 1336 females) were captured in Ubatuba (SP), from August 1996 to July 1997. Individuals were distributed in 5 mm size class carapace width (CW), to verify sex-specific growth-age equations. The Von Bertalanffy model was chosen to determine the growth rate and expressed by CW=120.52[1-e(-1.80t)] for males and CW=100.81[1-e(-1.60t)] for females. The age estimated for the first juvenile stage (t(o)) was 6.1 and 8.3 days for males and females, respectively. The maximum age determined was 1.8 years for males and 2 years for females, which correspond to a maximum size of 115.8 and 96.7 mm, respectively. The maximum size (CWmax) estimated using 95% of asymptotic size was 114.5 mm for males and 95.8 mm for females. Males have a precocious sexual maturity (5 months) when compared to females (6.8 months). The growth rate and size of A. cribrarius are higher than other portunid species, with great interest for aquaculture.

Theory and language of climate change communication

Climate change communication has become a salient topic in science and society. It has grown to be something like a booming industry alongside more established ‘communication enterprises’, such as health communication, risk communication, and science communication. This article situates the theory of climate change communication within theoretical developments in the field of science communication. It discusses the importance and difficulties inherent in talking about climate change to different types of publics using various types of communication tools and strategies. It engages with the difficult issue of the relationship between climate change communication and behavior change, and it focuses, in particular, on the role of language (metaphors, words, strategies, frames, and narratives) in conveying climate change issues to stakeholders. In the process, it attempts to provide an overview of emerging theories of climate change communication, theories that recently have begun to proliferate quite dramatically. In some cases, we can, therefore only provide signposts to the most relevant research that is being carried out with regard to climate change communication without being able to engage with all its aspects. We end with an assessment of how communication could be improved in light of the theories and practices discussed in this article.

Estigmatizaciones en la escuela secundaria basadas en la clase social de origen. Posible influencia sobre la construcción de las identidades de las juventudes de los sectores más vulnerables

Se presenta un análisis basado en la reflexión acerca de la posible influencia de los estigmas sociales sobre la construcción de las identidades juveniles, especialmente de las provenientes de grupos sociales carenciados, en el contexto de la escuela secundaria. En el presente ensayo, la estigmatización es considerada como el producto de actitudes basadas en las apariencias. Los juicios profesorales fundamentados en aspectos tales como el porte, la vestimenta, los modales y el vocabulario de los jóvenes, en particular de aquellos provenientes de sectores vulnerables, podrían llegar a influir negativamente en la construcción de sus identidades, debido a que la identidad es una construcción social, sustentada desde el exterior a partir del reconocimiento del otro. En este contexto el otro es el docente, quien ocupa una posición de poder. Influir de manera negativa en la construcción de la identidad de un individuo significa bajar su autoestima al punto de hacerlo sentir desacreditado y desacreditable, inducirlo a que se comporte conforme a lo que de él se espera y a que se parezca, cada vez más, a la imagen que se tiene de él. Esto contribuye a reproducir y a profundizar, en el contexto áulico, las estructuras sociales desiguales existentes