(Table 1) Sample locations and clay mineral data of sediment surface samples from the Barents Sea region

A new surface sediment sample set gained in the western Barents Sea by the MAREANO program has been analysed for basic clay mineral assemblages. Distribution maps including additional samples from earlier German research cruises to and off Svalbard are compiled. Some trends in the clay mineral assemblages are related to the sub-Barents Sea geology because the Quaternary sediment cover is rather thin. Additionally, land masses like Svalbard and northern Scandinavia dominate the clay mineral signal with their erosional products. Dense bottom water, very often of brine origin, that flows within deep troughs, such as the Storfjorden or Bear Island Trough, transport the clay mineral signal from their origin to the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.

Biogeochemical properties of sinking particles intercepted at three depths on the NW Atlantic margin

Three conical sediment were deployed at three depths 968 m (top trap), 1976 m (middletrap), and 2938 m (50mabove the bottom, bottom trap) - from June 27, 2004 to April 27, 2005 on the NW Atlantic margin at a water depth of 2988 m. The sediment trap carousels were programmed to open each collection cup for 23.4 days for the top trap and 14.5 days for the other two traps, resulting in total 13 samples from the top trap and 21 samples each from the middle and bottom traps. The samples were analyzed for the biogeochemical properties with various methods. Frequent occurrences of higher fluxes in deep relative to shallower sediment traps and low delta 14C values of sinking POC together provide strong evidence for significant lateral transport of aged organic matter over the margin. Comparison of biogeochemical properties such as aluminum concentration and flux, and iron concentration between samples intercepted at different depths shows that particles collected by the deepest trap had more complex sources than the shallower ones. These data also suggest that at least two modes of lateral transport exist over the New England margin. Based on radio carbon mass balance, about 30% (± 10%) of sinking POC in all sediment traps is estimated to be derived from lateral transport of re-suspended sediment. A strong correlation between delta 14C values and aluminum concentrations suggests that the aged organic matter is associated with lithogenic particles.

The principle of legal certainty as a principle of economic efficiency

Legal certainty, a feature of the rule of law, constitutes a requirement for the operational necessities of market interactions. But, the compatibility of the principle of legal certainty with ideals such as liberalism and free market economy must not lead to the hastened conclusion that therefore the principle of legal certainty would be compatible and tantamount to the principle of economic efficiency. We intend to analyse the efficiency rationale of an important general principle of EU law—the principle of legal certainty. In this paper, we shall assert that not only does the EU legal certainty principle encapsulate an efficiency rationale, but most importantly, it has been interpreted by the ECJ as such. The economic perspective of the principle of legal certainty in the European context has, so far, never been adopted. Hence, we intend to fill in this gap and propose the representation of the principle of legal certainty as a principle of economic efficiency. After having deciphered the principle of legal certainty from a law and economics perspective (1), we shall delve into the jurisprudence of the ECJ so that the judicial reasoning of the Court as this reasoning proves the relevance of the proposed representation (2). Finally, we conclude in light of the findings of this paper (3).

Terapia de aceptación y compromiso en un caso de tras¬torno mixto de ansiedad y depresión en una paciente con cáncer

This paper introduces the case of a woman with breast cancer who had developed a mixed depressive-anxiety disorder with avoidance behaviors. The patient presented depressive symptoms like listlessness, insomnia, weeping, food disorders and hopelessness though. Also, she exhibited physiological arousal and restlessness feelings. Additionally, the patient had an avoidance patron behavior in relation with all stimulus she believed could hurt her. Based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) the intervention planted the following objectives: the patient will learn to accept her illness and the emotional distress that she was experiencing, also, the patient will recover the other areas of her life that she had abandoned. The treatment was developed in 14 sessions. The therapist used these techniques: creative hopelessness, disabling verbal functions, values clarification and loss of control over private events. In the results, it was observed a positive change in the behavior of the patient as well as a decrease in emotional distress that was his reason for initial consultation

Routledge International Handbook of Rural Studies.:Understanding the association between rural ethnicity and inequalities

Rural areas are facing demographic transformation. Some localities have experienced significant levels of (internal and international) immigration in recent decades. In other rural places, a shifting minority: majority ratio (arising mainly from increased minority fertility and decreases in the majority population) is altering the rural landscape. It is this context of increasingly diverse rural societies that frames this chapter. It begins by examining inequalities arising from ethnicity in a rural context. The review proceeds by identifying how different factors, including recent patterns of international migration and historical legacies of ethnic diversity, intertwine to produce multi-cultural rural areas. First of all an overview of the significance of the ‘ethnic’ label is presented, recognizing its limitations and also its usefulness. Having established this context the chapter proceeds by highlighting the way in which rural ethnic inequalities are measured and also the particular challenges of measuring rural poverty. The processes that produce inequalities among ethnic groups are examined, with particular attention on migration and space and place, but mindful of historical legacies along with economic transformations and associated recent migration patterns. Finally, the conclusion of the chapter highlights gaps and identifies areas for future research agendas.

Relatório de estágio para obtenção do grau de mestre em educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

O presente relatório de estágio foi elaborado no âmbito da aquisição do grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Neste relatório surgem, como espelho, as vivências e as aprendizagens realizadas por mim e pelas crianças da sala do Arco-íris da Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico com Pré-Escolar da Achada e pelos alunos da turma do 2º C da Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico com Pré-Escolar da Assomada. É constituído por uma parte teórica e uma parte prática, com o propósito de enquadrar toda a ação decorrida em ambas as valências. A intervenção pedagógica desenvolvida, quer no Pré-Escolar quer no 1º Ciclo, baseou-se na metodologia da investigação-ação. Através da observação e interação com os educandos e com as cooperantes, surgiu a necessidade de fomentar e incitar o desenvolvimento da escrita criativa, em ambas as valências, surgindo assim a questãoproblema “Que estratégias implementar para desenvolver a escrita criativa?”. Deste modo, procurei ao longo das práticas, dar resposta à mesma, com o contributo de estratégias fundamentadas e contextualizadas, tendo como referenciais estratégicos a observação, a participação e a comunicação que desencadearam o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens ativas e globalizantes nas crianças.

Derechos humanos y libertad de expresion en el contexto del TLC

La libertad de expresión, entendido como el derecho de informar y ser informado son parte esencial de nuestros derechos humanos. Cualquier circunstancia que limite esos derechos atropella la dignidad humana. Existe una abundante y explícita normativa de derechos humanos que buscan garantizar el libre ejercicio de la comunicación: instrumentos internacionales y regionales y una reiterada jurisprudencia. El derecho humano de libertad de expresión es entendido como el derecho a expresarse, buscar y recibir información. Censurar o limitar ciertas publicaciones o establecer mecanismos que restringen el acceso a información pública son formas sutiles de atropellar esos derechos. El recurrir a figuras penales como el desacato o insulto a funcionarios o delitos contra el honor podrían activarse y tornarse amenazantes para el que ejerce el periodismo. Esta sería una forma de silenciar cualquier cuestionamiento a figuras públicas en detrimento de un principio fundamental de toda democracia. Suerte parecida corre el derecho de reconocer el secreto profesional del periodista y la expresión del pluralismo. De hecho que al igual que en otros campos como el laboral, salud, alimentación, el derecho a un ejercicio digno de la comunicación también es susceptible de verse amenazado. Abstract An essential aspect of our human rights is that we have freedom to express ourselves and to be informed. There are wide and specific human rights regulations, which seek to guarantee the freedom of expression: international and national instruments and reiterative jurisprudence. Two main principles that set the foundation for freedom of expression are liberty to express oneself and liberty to obtain and search for information. Censuring or limiting certain publications, as well as setting up mechanisms to restrict people’s access to public information, are subtle ways of threatening these rights.

Sobredotação : construção dos dilemas morais numa criança sobredotada

Projeto de investigação no âmbito da Pós-Graduação em Educação Especial – Domínio Cognitivo e Motor, da Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti.

Relatório de estágio para obtenção do grau de mestre em educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

O presente relatório de estágio foi elaborado no âmbito da aquisição do grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Neste relatório surgem, como espelho, as vivências e as aprendizagens realizadas por mim e pelas crianças da sala do Arco-íris da Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico com Pré-Escolar da Achada e pelos alunos da turma do 2º C da Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico com Pré-Escolar da Assomada. É constituído por uma parte teórica e uma parte prática, com o propósito de enquadrar toda a ação decorrida em ambas as valências. A intervenção pedagógica desenvolvida, quer no Pré-Escolar quer no 1º Ciclo, baseou-se na metodologia da investigação-ação. Através da observação e interação com os educandos e com as cooperantes, surgiu a necessidade de fomentar e incitar o desenvolvimento da escrita criativa, em ambas as valências, surgindo assim a questãoproblema “Que estratégias implementar para desenvolver a escrita criativa?”. Deste modo, procurei ao longo das práticas, dar resposta à mesma, com o contributo de estratégias fundamentadas e contextualizadas, tendo como referenciais estratégicos a observação, a participação e a comunicação que desencadearam o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens ativas e globalizantes nas crianças.

Two-dimensional Stokes flow driven by elliptical paddles

A fast and accurate numerical technique is developed for solving the biharmonic equation in a multiply connected domain, in two dimensions. We apply the technique to the computation of slow viscous flow (Stokes flow) driven by multiple stirring rods. Previously, the technique has been restricted to stirring rods of circular cross section; we show here how the prior method fails for noncircular rods and how it may be adapted to accommodate general rod cross sections, provided only that for each there exists a conformal mapping to a circle. Corresponding simulations of the flow are described, and their stirring properties and energy requirements are discussed briefly. In particular the method allows an accurate calculation of the flow when flat paddles are used to stir a fluid chaotically.

Geochemical analysis at ODP Site 207-1259 from the Demerara Rise in the western equatorial Atlantic

Organic carbon-rich shales deposited during the Coniacian-Santonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 3 were drilled during ODP Leg 207 at Demerara Rise. We present integrated high-resolution geochemical records of core intervals from ODP Sites 1259 and 1261 both from nannofossil biozone CC14. Our results reveal systematic variations in marine and detrital sediment contribution, depositional processes, and bottom water redox conditions during black shale formation at two locations on Demerara Rise in different paleo-water depths. A combination of redox proxies (Fe/S, P/Al, C/P, redox-sensitive/sulfide-forming trace metals Mn, Cd, Mo, Ni, V, Zn) and other analytical approaches (bulk sediment composition, P speciation, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction) evidence anoxic to sulfidic bottom water and sediment conditions throughout the deposition of black shale. These extreme redox conditions persisted and were periodically punctuated by short-termed periods with less reducing bottom waters irrespective of paleo-water depth. Sediment supply at both sites was generally dominated by marine material (carbonate, organic matter, opal) although relationships of detrital proxies as well as glauconitic horizons support some influence of turbidites, winnowing bottom currents and/or variable detritus sources, along with less reducing bottom water at the proposed shallower location (ODP Site 1259). At Site 1261, located at greater paleo-depth, redox fluctuations were more regular, and steady hemipelagic sedimentation sustained the development of mostly undisturbed lamination in the sedimentary record. Strong similarities of the studied deposits exist with the stratigraphic older Cenomanian-Turonian OAE2 black shale sections at Demerara Rise, suggesting that the primary mechanisms controlling continental supply and ocean redox state were time-invariant and kept the western equatorial Atlantic margin widely anoxic over millions of years.

The prevalence of tympanic membrane and related middle ear pathology in children:a large longitudinal cohort study followed from birth to age ten

OBJECTIVE: To record with video-otoscopy the appearance of the tympanic membranes of a cross section of children aged 9 to 10 years. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested within an established longitudinal study of childhood development, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. SETTING: South West England, U.K. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 6908 of 7261 children with ages ranging from 105 to 140 months born between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, were examined by trained technicians with video-otoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two photographs were taken of each child's tympanic membranes to show the features of the pars tensa and the pars flaccida. RESULTS: In just less than three quarters of the children, both ears were normal. Retraction of the pars flaccida was present in 9.6% of children, and that of the pars tensa was present in 7.9%. Most of these changes were mild with few severe retractions. There were 15 cases of overt or suspected cholesteatoma. CONCLUSION: The tympanic membrane changes reflect most of the middle ear disease seen in 9- to 10-year-old children. The prevalence is low, and few children have serious disease at this stage.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in schoolchildren from Colombia: The FUPRECOL Study

The objectives of this study are to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in schoolchildren and to evaluate the degree of association between overall and abdominal adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness. A total of 1,875 children and adolescents attending public schools in Bogota, Colombia (56.2% girls; age range of 9–17.9 years). A cardiovascular risk score (Z-score) was calculated and participants were divided into tertiles according to low and high levels of overall (sum of the skinfold thicknesses) and abdominal adiposity. Schoolchildren with a high level of overall adiposity demonstrated significant differences in seven of the 10 variables analyzed (i.e. systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL-c ratio, total cholesterol, glucose and cardiovascular risk score). Schoolchildren with high levels of both overall and abdominal adiposity and low cardiorespiratory fitness had the least favorable cardiovascular risk factors score. These findings may be relevant to health promotion in Colombian youth.