Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of NI Particles Deposited on Porous Silicon

In this thesis properties and influence of modification techniques of porous silicon were studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). This device permits to visualize the surface topography and to study properties of the samples on atomic scale, which was necessary for recent investigation. Samples of porous silicon were obtained by electrochemical etching. Nickel particles were deposited by two methods: electrochemical deposition and extracting from NiCl2 ethanol solution. Sample growth was conducted in Saint-Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, LETI. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) were utilized for detailed information about surface properties of the samples. Measurements showed the difference in morphology correlating with initial growth conditions. Submicron size particles were clearly visible on surfaces of the treated samples. Although their nature was not clarified due to limitations of AFM technique. It is expected that surfaces were covered by nanometer scale Ni particles, which can be verified by implication of RAMAN device.

New methods for controlling twin configurations and characterizing twin boundaries in 5M Ni-Mn-Ga for the development of applications

Traditional methods for studying the magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys Ni-Mn-Ga include subjecting the entire sample to a uniform magnetic field or completely actuating the sample mechanically. These methods have produced significant results in characterizing the MSM effect, the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and have pioneered the development of applications from this material. Twin boundaries and their configuration within a Ni-Mn-Ga sample are a key component in the magnetic shape memory effect. Applications that are developed require an understanding of twin boundary characteristics and, more importantly, the ability to predictably control them. Twins have such a critical role that the twinning stress of a Ni-Mn-Ga crystal is the defining characteristic that indicates its quality and significant research has been conducted to minimize this property. This dissertation reports a decrease in the twinning stress, predictably controlling the twin configuration and characterizing the dynamics of twin boundaries. A reduction of the twinning stress is demonstrated by the discovery of Type II twins within Ni-Mn-Ga which have as little as 10% of the twinning stress of traditional Type I twins. Furthermore, new methods of actuating a Ni-Mn-Ga element using localized unidirectional or bidirectional magnetic fields were developed that can predictably control the twin configuration in a localized area of a Ni-Mn-Ga element. This method of controlling the local twin configuration was used in the characterization of twin boundary dynamics. Using a localized magnetic pulse, the velocity and acceleration of a single twin boundary were measured to be 82.5 m/s and 2.9 × 107 m/s2, and the time needed for the twin boundary to nucleate and begin moving was less than 2.8 μs. Using a bidirectional magnetic field from a diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnet, a highly reproducible and controllable local twin configuration was created in a Ni-Mn-Ga element which is the fundamental pumping mechanism in the MSM micropump that has been co-invented and extensively characterized by the author.

Dissertatio academica Davidem regem hypnopsychitis non favere, demonstrans, contra Heinium ex occasione psalm. VI. Quam, consentiente ampliss. facult. philosoph. in regio ad Auram lycaeo, suffultus praesidio viri maxime reverendi atque celeberrimi d:ni Isaaci Ross, s. s. l. l. profess. reg. & ord. fac. phil. h. t. decani maxime spectabilis pro consequendis honoribus academicis publico examini modeste submittit Arvid Favorin, Nic. fil. Satacundensis, in aud. majori die XXII. Decembr. anni MDCCLIX. h. a. m. s

Invokaatio: J.M.G.

Estudo da estabilidade do complexo ácido fítico e o íon Ni(II)

A técnica de titulação potenciométrica foi utilizada para verificar as propriedades ácida-base do ácido fítico [1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaquis(dihidrogenofosfato)-mio-inositol] e do complexo ácido fítico e Ni(II), em solução aquosa, em temperatura e força iônica constantes. Para avaliar o comportamento térmico e a complexação do ácido fítico com o íon Ni(II) foram realizadas análises de Termogravimetria (TG), Termogravimetria Derivada (DTG), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e estudos de Espectrofotometria de Infravermelho. Foram obtidas oito constantes de protonação da amostra de ácido fítico na forma de sal de dipotássio e sete constantes de estabilidade do complexo ácido fítico e Ni(II). As reações de protonação e de formação ocorrem na faixa de pH de 2,0 a 11,0. Os dados obtidos mostram que o ácido fítico encontra-se totalmente deprotonado em pH 12,0 no qual a espécie ML (um ligante para um íon metálico) encontra-se totalmente formada no mesmo valor de pH. Os resultados obtidos por TG e DSC revelaram tanto para o ácido fítico como para o complexo boa estabilidade até a temperatura próxima a 200ºC. Por TG, DTG e DSC conclui-se também que a estequiometria do complexo estudado foi de um mol de ligante para um mol de íon metálico. A Espectrofotometria de Infravermelho comprovou a estabilidade do ácido fítico e a sua interação com o íon Ni(II).

VANHEMPIEN JA KEHITYSVAMMAISEN LAPSEN ÄÄNI KUNTOUTUSSUUNNITELMA JA HOJKS SISÄLLÖNANALYYSISSÄ

Tutkimuksemme päätarkoituksena on ollut tutkia perheen osallisuutta kehitysvammaisen lapsen kuntoutuksen suunnitteluun kuntoutussuunnitelman ja henkilökohtaisen opetuksen järjestämistä koskevan suunnitelman eli HOJKS:n pohjalta. Vertailimme myös HOJKS:n ja kuntoutussuunnitelman yhtäläisyyksiä ja eroavaisuuksia. Opinnäytetyö osallistuu Varsinais-Suomen erityishuoltopiirin, Kansaneläkelaitoksen, Turun yliopistollisen keskussairaalan ja Turun yliopiston yhteiseen KeLaKuVa -tutkimushankkeeseen. Aineistomme koostuu 25 kuntoutussuunnitelmasta ja 16 HOJKS:sta sekä yhdestä varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmasta. Suunnitelmia tutkittiin sisällönanalyysin avulla aineistolähtöisesti ja myöhemmässä vaiheessa teoriaohjaavasti. Perheen ääni vaikuttaa kuuluvan hyvin kuntoutusprosessin suunnitteluvaiheessa käytössämme olleen aineiston perusteella. Lapsen kuntoutukselle asetetut tavoitteet ovat yhteneväiset kuntoutussuunnitelman ja HOJKS:n välillä, mikä on lapsen edun mukaista. Toisaalta suunnitelmien välillä on myös eroja painotuksissa: HOJKS:ssa korostuvat akateemiset taidot ja kuntoutussuunnitelmassa terapiat. Tämä puoltaa tarvetta molemmille suunnitelmille.

Traité d'histoire légendaire et anecdotique, en prose et en vers, sans titre, ni nom d'auteur, rédigé, suivant ce qui est dit dans son introduction, d'après des livres analogues écrits en arabe.

Cet opuscule commence (folio 7 recto) par un résumé de la légende iranienne depuis Housheng ; vient ensuite celle des Sassanides (folio 12 verso), sous une forme encore plus sommaire ; celle de Mahomet et des khalifes (folio 16 recto), jusqu'à Mostaʿsim billah, le dernier vicaire du Prophète, qui fut mis à mort par Houlagou ; ensuite vient un chapitre, qui est donné comme le troisième de l'ouvrage (folio 26 recto), dans lequel se trouve une histoire fantaisiste du khalife Maʾmoun ; puis un chapitre donné comme le quatrième (folio 57 recto), qui expose une histoire romanesque du khalife. omayyade Valid II, fils de Yazid ; après quoi, vient un chapitre, qui serait le cinquième (folio 73 verso), dans lequel il est parlé des aventures extraordinaires qui survinrent au roi sassanide Shapour, fils d'Hormouz, à la cour de l'empereur grec, lesquelles forment une grande partie de ce recueil de légendes. On lit, à l'intérieur de l'un des plats de la reliure, le titre fantaisiste de تحفة المرتاض في التاريخ, avec cette glose que c'est une histoire des rois, contenant des anecdotes admirables et de très beaux enseignements. Manuscrit de luxe, orné d'un sarloh, enluminé en bleu et en or.