895 resultados para Áreas de conservação ambiental


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In this work the landscape morphodynamics was used to check the strength and importance of the changes carried out by man on the environment over time, in Natal-RN municipality. The occupation of partially preserved natural areas was analyzed, but environmentally fragile, such as riparian forests, vegetation on the banks of waterways, which play regulatory role of the water flow, and the dunes, which guarantee the rapid recharge of aquifers. The impacts of urban sprawl in Natal Southern and West zones Were identified and characterized, through a detailed mapping in the period between 1969 and 2013 the main Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA (banks of rivers and lagoons, and dunes remaining) and their temporal changes. For this were used aerial photographs and satellite imagery, altimetry data, and pre-existing information, which allowed the creation of a spatial database, and evolution of maps of impervious areas, evolution of the use and occupation and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from contour lines with contour interval of 1 meter. Based on this study presents a diagnosis of the environmental situation and the state of conservation of natural areas, over the last 44 years, compared to human pressures. In general, it was found that the urban settlement has advanced about 60% of studied natural areas. This advance was growing by the year 2006, when there was a slowdown in the process, except for the Environmental Protection Zone (EPZ) 03, where the river Pitimbú and your PPA, which experienced a more significant loss area. The urban occupation affected the natural drainage and contributed to the contamination of groundwater Natal, due to increased sealed area, the release of liquid and solid waste, as well as the removal of riparian vegetation. Changed irreversibly the natural landscape, and reduced the quality and quantity of water resources necessary for the population. Thus, it is necessary to stimulate the adoption of use and protection of PPA planning measures, to the preservation of the San Valley Region inserted into the EPZ 01, and integrate more remaining dunes, in good condition, this EPZ, due to the importance of those remaining on the environment and the maintenance of quality of life. It is suggested, also, protection of catchment areas, such as PPA ponds and Pitimbú River. Finally, it is expected that this study can assist the managers in making decisions in urban and environmental planning of the municipality

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The Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu was created by Decreto 12,620/95, covering the beaches of Redinha Nova, Santa Rita and Jenipabu and Campina communities in the municipality of Extremoz, and Africa community fragment, in Natal. This protected area was created in the context of expansion of tourism in Rio Grande do Norte, in the 1990s, in which PRODETUR investments made possible the installation of infrastructure equipment, mainly in the Via Costeira and Ponta Negra beach in Natal by inserting it in the sun and sea tourism route to Northeast Brazil. In this context the beach Jenipabu in Extremoz, became one of the main attractions for those visiting Natal, due to the natural elements of its landscape, its dune field, which is offered to tourists the buggy ride. In December 1994 the excess buggy rides held in these dunes led to IBAMA ban their access to buggy for carrying out environmental study. This measure resulted in the creation of APAJ in 1995 with the goal of ordering the use and occupation to protect its ecosystems, especially the dunes, the disordered tourism. Given this context, this work aims to analyze the process of creating the APAJ and changes in the geographic space of its beaches, Redinha Nova, Santa Rita and Jenipabu, from the materialization of tourism process, as well as their implications for its residents. To this end, this paper presents a discussion of environmental currents that developed in the western portion of the globe, focusing on the need to regulate small areas of the national territory in protected areas, and an analysis of public policies that enabled the implementation tourism in APAJ as well as the laws and decrees governing the process of creation and management. Using the theory of circuits of urban economy of the Santos (2008) to analyze the territory used by tourism on the beaches of Redinha Nova, Santa Rita and Jenipabu, showing their dependent relationship with the territory used by the upper circuit on the Via Costeira and in the Ponta Negra beach and its influence on the APAJ urbanization process. Ending with the analysis of the influence of the materialization of tourism in the transformation of stocks ways of being-in-space and space-be of the Santa Rita and Jenipabu beaches in each geographical situation of APAJ among the first decades of the twentieth century to the 2014. Fieldwork was conducted between 2012 and 2014, performing actions of qualitative interviews with older residents of Santa Rita and Jenipabu beaches, interviews with structured questionnaire with merchants of APAJ and collecting GPS points trades, identifying and mapping the territory used by the lower circuit in APAJ beaches.

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Brazilian law provides a series of rules and policies which regulate space use and occupancy as well as guide environmental planning. Among those are the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) which purpose is to ensure the preservation of elements that are essential to maintain the environmental function and landscape. Another important instrument identifier of spaces are geoenvironmental units, which are synthesis elements grouping areas of similar characteristics and can be used for the analysis of risk, fragility and potential use of spaces. The geoenvironmental units are defined by more complex processes (information integration), focusing not only on individual elements, but being determined from a systemic analysis. Is It possible to identify and delineate APPs from the identification and determination of geoenvironmental units? The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of geoenvironmental units in the process of identification and delineation of APPs a see how much of the study area, the area by the Coast line in Natal/RN, is still good for occupation. It was used the physiognomic method, in which the limits of the units are plotted on a synthetic document (aerial photographs), valuing aspects of relief in a range of detail by the analysis of systemic categories (element, structure, function and interaction), observed. The methodology used allowed the identification and delineation of eleven geoenvironmental units and, from these, it was possible to identify and delineate four out of the five PPAs occurring in the study area. Only a small space of 1.2 ha of the study area is not considered APP by law. Thus, the occupation of the unoccupied area by the Coast line is not feasible from a legal standpoint. The geoenvironmental units as well as the identified and delineated APPs in the area by the Coast line are spaces which preservation is guaranteed by law in various scopes and are necessary to maintain the environmental functions of the area. The planning for the use and occupation of the area should involve the recovery of degraded areas and the creation of elements that make possible the use as well as attract the community, as provided in the initial planning, by ensuring the public utility and social interest in the Project.

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Cervídeo Mazama gouazoubira é a espécie de veado que possui maior distribuição dentre as espécies sul americanas. Aspectos da vegetação, predação, competição, caça e perda de habitat são fatores importantes para compreender a distribuição espacial de herbívoros na paisagem. Dessa forma, considerando a falta de estudos de mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Caatinga, objetivamos compreender quais os fatores ambientais e antrópicos que influenciam a ocupação do veado-catingueiro (M. gouazoubira) na região semiárida do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em 10 áreas amostrais e utilizamos armadilhas fotográficas para amostragem e modelos de ocupação foram construídos representando nossas hipóteses biológicas. Os modelos foram ranqueados através dos valores obtidos do AIC. As variáveis cobertura vegetal de caatinga e densidade da vegetação mostraram maior efeito, já a caatinga arbórea mostrou um efeito menor, sugerindo que a espécie é altamente dependente da vegetação para ocorrer, possuindo menor dependência de caatinga arbórea. Esperamos que nossos resultados possam ser utilizados como suporte para planos de manejo e criação de novas unidades de conservação no estado.

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It is remarkable the current planet’s situation of degradation and modification of natural assets and the considerable loss of the recovery power inherent to the ecosystems. Concomitant with this, all communities and species are suffering the consequences of these changes without planning. The creation of conservation units (UCs) through the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) was a concrete action on the deliberateness of halting these processes, which, on the other hand, generated socio-environmental, geo-economical and cultural-political conflict of interests between traditional communities in the vicinity of these units, institutions, governmental entities and society in general. The country’s National Program of Environmental Education (ProNEA) provides the integration of the communities and UCs’ managers in a co-participative administration to solve these conflicts. The principles of Environmental Education (EA) leads the methodology found to change the socio-educational paradigms of traditional teaching, still existing in our society and intrinsically related to environmental problems, which are contrary to the dialogic pedagogy from Paulo Freire, that valorize popular knowledge, pro-active citizenship, as well as contrary to Ecopedagogy, that re-integrate human being on its natural environment, the Earth. One of the tools for starting environmental sensitization is the diagnosis by environmental perception of individuals. In this context, the objective of our work was to identify the environmental perception of Tenda do Moreno community located nearby Pau Furado State Park (PEPF) in Uberlândia – MG. To reach this objective, the research sought, in a first moment, to evaluate the environmental perception of residents of this community through semi-structured interviews applied in their homes and, in a second moment, we evaluated the environmental perception of community’ school students and made Environmental Education intervention activities with the intention to make children aware of the importance of conservation and function of PEPF. Using the Content analysis methodology, we found in nearly 60% of the 118 residents a systemic perception of nature, while approximately 32% expressed an anthropocentric perception. Mixed perceptions were found in 21%. A considerable part of the residents (47 individuals) indicated not knowing the park, although many of them recognize its importance. Among the 46 interviewed students, half expressed an anthropocentric perception of nature, while almost 36% had a systemic view. Seventeen children said they did not know the park and almost half of the students recognize some aspect of the importance of its existence. During the intervention activities, we had huge participation and dedication of students, beyond the massive expression of their personal views and daily experiences. In relation to the ten students that subjected the second evaluation about their environmental perception after the intervention, 80% showed systemic perception and emphasized the importance of conservation and of park. We believe that the continuity of the intervention activities could generate positive perspectives of socio-environmental effective changes in the daily school. Activities lead by Ecopedagogy and that encourage the citizen leadership in the young students are fundamental, while in the community, closer ties and dialog by UC’s managers would be important elements to generate effective change.

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A razão principal e o que motivou a escolha do tema para esta dissertação de mestrado assentou no interesse pessoal e intrínseco que, desde há muito tempo, temos vindo a sentir pela problemática do turismo e do património natural como fenómenos potenciadores de desenvolvimento do país, regiões e concelhos. Os benefícios económicos prestados pelas áreas protegidas são um fator importantíssimo para garantir que estes sejam devidamente considerados na política e na tomada de decisões. Há relativamente poucos estudos que fornecem uma visão abrangente dos benefícios económicos proporcionados pelas áreas protegidas portuguesas. Desta forma e após uma observação de anos da área protegida da Ilha da Berlenga colocou-nos interrogações relativas à inexistência de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento ancorado em práticas de atividades turísticas, lado a lado com a sua riqueza patrimonial levou-nos a estudar se a sua compatibilidade estará em consonância com a estratégia desenvolvida até aos dias de hoje. Determinaram-se metodologias de estudo e fatores estratégicos tendo em conta as características do local escolhido e as diretrizes definitas a nível nacional para a sua proteção. No entanto a oferta turística do local em estudo leva-nos a crer que o mesmo deixou de ser um produto de turismo de natureza, para se enquadrar num produto de turismo de sol e mar, não sendo este tipo de enquadramento que é definido pela procura turística. Tendo em conta a crescente oferta e procura pelos serviços empresariais e a sua atuação em ecossistemas sensíveis, requerem uma abordagem particularmente cuidada, uma vez que maioria das empresas deverá ter em conta os princípios e objetivos principais do conceito de Turismo de Natureza, para assim contribuírem para a conservação dos valores naturais, e ajudarem a desenvolverem comportamentos que se centram na preservação e na consciência ambiental. Neste sentido, esta análise baseia-se na revisão de literatura sobre o tema, incluindo instrumentos de apreciação do desempenho ambiental e nos dados obtidos através de um questionário cuidadosamente elaborado e executado aos visitantes e excursionistas que se dirigiram ao local.Argumenta-se nesta tese que a prossecução da sustentabilidade do turismo é um processo contínuo, que requer a constante monitorização de impactes e a atempada introdução das medidas necessárias em termos preventivos e/ou corretivos. O destino deve oferecer uma experiência turística de qualidade, de modo a satisfazer os turistas, contribuindo para a repetição da visita e a recomendação do destino e, paralelamente, deve estimular a adoção de práticas mais sustentáveis e influenciar o comportamento dos turistas, tendo em vista a proteção do ambiente e a preservação da identidade cultural da comunidade local.

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This study aimed to evaluate the population ecology of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) in two urban areas in the north of Paraná, an open and other protected by assessing the effects of these two different types of environments on the structure and dynamics of the population and its implications for conservation of the species. The monitoring of the populations were performed monthly between June 2014 and March 2015 in Jaboti Lake Park (Apucarana / PR) and Conservation Unit Parque Arthur Thomas (Londrina / PR). To conduct the survey population data was used the methodology of total census (direct counting of individuals).They were evaluated ecological parameters of the populations of capybaras, such as ecological density, abundance, age distribution and birth rate, as well as performed the analysis of the landscape. It was applied to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the differences between the averages of the abundance of each age group per year of observation, as well as the differences between the average ecological density over the years of observation. The standard relationship between the use of classes and land use in the landscape and the ecological parameters of the capybara populations was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The trend of variation of average abundance over time to Thomas Arthur Park revealed abrupt decrease of the population in a short period of time (2014 16 ± 9, 14 ± 1 and 2015 7±1) as well as ecological density in 2015 (0.05 ind./ha). On the other hand, the Jaboti Lake Park, showed an increase in absolute abundance, with marked recovery of the population in the same period (2014 38±8,30 and 2015 45±1,73) and coming up with an ecological density in 2015 (2 ind ./ha). The birth rate found Lake Park Jaboti was superior to Arthur Thomas Park, which had a negative rate between 2012 and 2015. The use and land cover analysis showed significant differences from the point of view of the relative contribution of landscape elements in the spatial heterogeneity. Arthur Thomas Park shows areas of dense vegetation and urban areas relatively higher than those observed in Jaboti Lake Park that revealed relatively higher proportions of the areas of agriculture / field and exposed soil. Thus, the present study revealed that the local population structure is directly related to the spatial characteristics of both studied landscapes, as can be seen by the greater abundance and density seen in Jaboti Lake Park compared to Arthur Thomas Park in recent years of study.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo de graduación se sustenta en el hecho de que la Auditoria Ambiental, es un campo nuevo casi inexplorable, que surge por la problemática ambiental existente, que pueda tener en ciertas circunstancias un impacto importante sobre la Situación Financiera de cualquier entidad, lo que hace necesario que el profesional de la contaduría pública para analizar el reconocimiento, medición y revelación de asuntos ambientales en los Estados Financieros. Se constató a través de los resultados obtenidos que la Auditoría Ambiental por ser una rama nueva de aplicación en la contaduría pública los profesionales desconocen aplicación, áreas de evaluación y procedimientos para llevarla a cabo. En vista de lo anterior, el objetivo principal era diseñar programas de Auditoria Ambiental como herramienta para el profesional de la contaduría pública en las áreas de gestión financiera y administrativa, para proporcionarles una guía de procedimientos y técnicas que sirvan de herramientas en la ejecución de este tipo de auditorías. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación bibliográfica y la de campo; la investigación bibliográfica consistió en la revisión de todo documento técnico y legal que proporcionara información relacionada con el tema de investigación propuesto. La investigación de campo era pasar encuestas, recolectar y tabular datos que conllevaran a un diagnóstico. El resultado obtenido son los programas de Auditoria Ambiental orientados a las áreas de Gestión Financiera y Administrativa. Las principales conclusiones fueron: que la Auditoría Ambiental no cuenta con una difusión; Actualmente no se cuenta con bibliografía ambiental que contengan programas y procedimientos para ejecutar este tipo de auditoría. Las recomendaciones principales fueron: que los profesionales de la Contaduría Pública estudien las nuevas normas relacionadas a este tipo de auditoría; que los programas y procedimientos presentados en este trabajo de investigación se analicen y discutan por parte de los profesionales contables y estudiantes interesados.

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Dissertação de mest. em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

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A ocupação das margens do Ribeirão dos Pinheirinhos gerou fragmentação da mata ciliar, afetando a dinâmica ambiental do município de Brotas, São Paulo. Neste sentido, os diagnósticos ambientais podem atuar como subsídio indispensável para ações de minimização dos impactos ao meio a médio e longo prazo. O objetivo do trabalho foi diagnosticar as áreas de preservação permanente associadas aos recursos hídricos da bacia do Ribeirão dos Pinheirinhos, visando à determinação de áreas prioritárias à restauração florestal e manutenção hidrológica. Foi utilizado um banco de dados cartográfico digital e o SIG IDRISI Andes para análise espacial e processamento de imagens de satélite LandSat. Foram gerados mapas de: (i) uso e cobertura do solo, pela aplicação do algoritmo de classificação supervisionada de máxima verossimilhança; (ii) uso e cobertura do solo nas áreas de preservação permanente associadas a os recursos hídricos; (iii) distância às nascentes; e (iv) áreas prioritárias à restauração florestal. Houve predomínio dos cultivos agrícolas e solo exposto (73,70%), restando apenas 23,14% de remanescentes florestais. Foi observado que 32,09% das áreas de preservação permanente estão ocupadas inadequadamente, indicando a necessidade de investimento para conservação dos remanescentes florestais, melhor planejamento quanto ao uso do solo e adequação à legislação por parte dos órgãos públicos responsáveis, uma vez que 68,45% da área total foi classificada com prioridade alta a muito alta à restauração, percentual que tende a aumentar com o avanço das fronteiras agrícolas.

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O processo de ocupação na Amazônia proporcionou e continua proporcionando grandes alterações na paisagem da região. Com a aprovação da nova Lei Florestal nº 12.651/2012, essas áreas, consideradas de passivo ambiental, ficaram em evidência e isso gera uma grande demanda por informações, principalmente no que se refere a agricultura familiar. Essa demanda foi prevista no escopo do projeto e inserida como um desafio para a equipe e para as famílias agricultoras do nordeste paraense parceiras do projeto INOVAGRI. Em conjunto com este grupo de agricultores e agricultoras familiares, vivemos experiências que refletem diretamente na tomada de decisão na propriedade, numa perspectiva sustentável. Ao longo dessa trajetória de construção de conhecimento de forma transdisciplinar foi possível observar transformações em ambas às partes, nossos parceiros foram transformados em multiplicadores de práticas sustentáveis de conservação e uso dos recursos naturais e a equipe de trabalho passou a ver a recuperação de áreas com uma visão holística e transdisciplinar.

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Among the various effects caused by the climate change and human intervention, the mangrove ecosystem changes through of the years has been worth mentioning, which hasn t known which are the pros and cons for the adjacent coastal and estuarine environments yet. It happens due to the present dynamism in these areas, besides of the difficult understanding of the processes associated with evolution. This study aimed to environmentally evaluate adjacent mangroves from the Macau and Serra oil fields, located on Rio Grande do Norte northern coast, to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process, as well as, according to the principles of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), to assess the amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered by the studied ecosystem. An inventory was conducted through mangrouve mapping which has supplied this research, especially regarding to the structural characterization of mangrove areas. To understand the local mangrove behavior in a greater level detail, techniques of remote sensing, GIS and GPS were used to make an analogy between the current and past states of the mangrove studied, allowing to make anticipated projections for the future impacts or changes in that region. This study combined data from multispectral LANDSAT 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ with radar microwave data from SAR RADARSAT-1, which increased the interpretation capacity of the data from optical sensor systems. The interpretations have been supported by the data field, representing a better and innovative methodology for the environmental and taxonomic characterization of mangrove forests considered. The results reveal that mangroves of the Ponta do Tubarão Sustainable Development Reserve are biologically representative areas and providing a variety of benefits, especially for local communities, constituting the priority sites for actions development aimed at conservation. They also have been showing the necessity to make mitigating measures in order to recover degraded areas through reforestation or creating new areas of mangrove, as currently 7.1% of the mangrove forests studied are dead or in an advanced state of decomposition. The amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered proved very significant when analyzed for the whole area, which is able to sequester atmospheric 4,294,458 Ton CO2 per year

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Pós-Graduação em Geociências Aplicadas, 2016.

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O artigo realiza análise sobre processo de privatização e a produção do espaço com a implantação de Unidades de Conservação, foi delimitado para esta reflexão um tipo de Unidade de Conservação - Parque Nacional ‑ especificamente o Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena no Mato Grosso do Sul esta sendo utilizado como área de reflexão buscando discutir no concreto o processo de desapropriação de áreas privadas para a implantação de Unidade de Conservação e, contraditoriamente, a privatização do patrimônio natural, que é um processo universal e que localmente aparece como alternativa ao desenvolvimento centrado na agropecuária. A passagem do privado para o público aparentemente é um avanço em relação ao processo geral de mercantilização da natureza. Mas, no caso especifico das Unidades de Conservação o circulo se completa com o retorno ao ponto inicial, a privatização do patrimônio natural, agora não mais da propriedade da terra, mas ao uso da terra e da paisagem enquanto atrativo turístico.