Training control centers' operators in incident diagnosis and power restoration using intelligent tutoring systems

The activity of Control Center operators is important to guarantee the effective performance of Power Systems. Operators’ actions are crucial to deal with incidents, especially severe faults like blackouts. In this paper, we present an Intelligent Tutoring approach for training Portuguese Control Center operators in tasks like incident analysis and diagnosis, and service restoration of Power Systems. Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) approach is used in the training of the operators, having into account context awareness and the unobtrusive integration in the working environment. Several Artificial Intelligence techniques were criteriously used and combined together to obtain an effective Intelligent Tutoring environment, namely Multiagent Systems, Neural Networks, Constraint-based Modeling, Intelligent Planning, Knowledge Representation, Expert Systems, User Modeling, and Intelligent User Interfaces.

Cyber-ambient intelligent training of operators in power systems control centres

Cyber-Physical Systems and Ambient Intelligence are two of the most important and emerging paradigms of our days. The introduction of renewable sources gave origin to a completely different dimension of the distribution generation problem. On the other hand, Electricity Markets introduced a different dimension in the complexity, the economic dimension. Our goal is to study how to proceed with the Intelligent Training of Operators in Power Systems Control Centres, considering the new reality of Renewable Sources, Distributed Generation, and Electricity Markets, under the emerging paradigms of Cyber-Physical Systems and Ambient Intelligence. We propose Intelligent Tutoring Systems as the approach to deal with the intelligent training of operators in these new circumstances.

An intelligent tutoring system for operators’ training in power system control centres

The activity of Control Center operators is important to guarantee the effective performance of Power Systems. Operators’ actions are crucial to deal with incidents, especially severe faults, like blackouts. In this paper we present an Intelligent Tutoring approach for training Portuguese Control Centre operators in tasks like incident analysis and diagnosis, and service restoration of Power Systems. Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) approach is used in the training of the operators, taking into account context awareness and the unobtrusive integration in the working environment.

Towards the wide implementation of standards IEC 61968/70 (CIM) and IEC 61850 in the distribution system (CIGRÉ C6-105_2010)

Currently, power systems (PS) already accommodate a substantial penetration of distributed generation (DG) and operate in competitive environments. In the future, as the result of the liberalisation and political regulations, PS will have to deal with large-scale integration of DG and other distributed energy resources (DER), such as storage and provide market agents to ensure a flexible and secure operation. This cannot be done with the traditional PS operational tools used today like the quite restricted information systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) [1]. The trend to use the local generation in the active operation of the power system requires new solutions for data management system. The relevant standards have been developed separately in the last few years so there is a need to unify them in order to receive a common and interoperable solution. For the distribution operation the CIM models described in the IEC 61968/70 are especially relevant. In Europe dispersed and renewable energy resources (D&RER) are mostly operated without remote control mechanisms and feed the maximal amount of available power into the grid. To improve the network operation performance the idea of virtual power plants (VPP) will become a reality. In the future power generation of D&RER will be scheduled with a high accuracy. In order to realize VPP decentralized energy management, communication facilities are needed that have standardized interfaces and protocols. IEC 61850 is suitable to serve as a general standard for all communication tasks in power systems [2]. The paper deals with international activities and experiences in the implementation of a new data management and communication concept in the distribution system. The difficulties in the coordination of the inconsistent developed in parallel communication and data management standards - are first addressed in the paper. The upcoming unification work taking into account the growing role of D&RER in the PS is shown. It is possible to overcome the lag in current practical experiences using new tools for creating and maintenance the CIM data and simulation of the IEC 61850 protocol – the prototype of which is presented in the paper –. The origin and the accuracy of the data requirements depend on the data use (e.g. operation or planning) so some remarks concerning the definition of the digital interface incorporated in the merging unit idea from the power utility point of view are presented in the paper too. To summarize some required future work has been identified.

Intelligent training in control centres based on an ambient intelligence paradigm

This article describes a new approach in the Intelligent Training of Operators in Power Systems Control Centres, considering the new reality of Renewable Sources, Distributed Generation, and Electricity Markets, under the emerging paradigms of Cyber-Physical Systems and Ambient Intelligence. We propose Intelligent Tutoring Systems as the approach to deal with the intelligent training of operators in these new circumstances.

Combining artificial intelligence techniques for the training of power system control centre operators

Control Centre operators are essential to assure a good performance of Power Systems. Operators’ actions are critical in dealing with incidents, especially severe faults, like blackouts. In this paper we present an Intelligent Tutoring approach for training Portuguese Control Centre operators in incident analysis and diagnosis, and service restoration of Power Systems, offering context awareness and an easy integration in the working environment.

The impact of exercise training on liver transplanted familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients

Liver transplantation is nowadays the only effective answer to adjourn the outcome of functional limitations associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by sensory and motor polyneuropathies. Nevertheless, there is a detrimental impact associated with the after-surgery period on the fragile physical condition of these patients. Exercise training has been proven to be effective on reconditioning patients after transplantation. However, the effects of exercise training in liver transplanted FAP patients have not been scrutinized yet.

Radiographers and radiation protection: education, training and CPD

The increasing use of ionizing radiation for medical purposes emphasizes the concern about safety and justification of using ionizing radiation. This is linked with the use of new and high-dose X-ray technology (particularly CT). According to the UNSCEAR 2010 Report the total number of diagnostic medical examinations (both medical and dental) is estimated to have risen from 2.4 billion (period 1991–1996) to 3.6 billion (period 1997– 2008) - a marked increase in collective doses. An appropriate use of technology aiming diagnostic or therapy and respecting the ALARA principle is a mandatory requisite to safely perform any radiological procedure. Radiation protection is thus, a concern of all specialists in the radiology field ( radiologists, radiographers, medical physicists, among other professional groups). The importance of education and training of these professionals in reducing patients’ doses while maintaining the desired level of quality in medical exposures, as well as precise therapeutic treatments is well recognized. Education, training and continuing professional development (CPD) constitute a triad pointing towards the radiographers’ development of competences in the radiation protection field. This presentation excludes the radiographer role and competences in the fields of ultrasonography and MRI.

Literary translation and quality assessment analysis – its significance in translation training

This paper aims to highlight the role of translation quality assessment in translation training so as to develop students’ translation competence and skills to face translation problems. An analysis to assess literary translation quality is proposed before proceeding to discuss its pedagogical implementation.

The influence of experience and training in a group of novice observers: a jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis

Purpose - The study evaluates the pre- and post-training lesion localisation ability of a group of novice observers. Parallels are drawn with the performance of inexperienced radiographers taking part in preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) and ‘red-dot’ systems, operating within radiography practice. Materials and methods - Thirty-four novice observers searched 92 images for simulated lesions. Pre-training and post-training evaluations were completed following the free-response the receiver operating characteristic (FROC) method. Training consisted of observer performance methodology, the characteristics of the simulated lesions and information on lesion frequency. Jackknife alternative FROC (JAFROC) and highest rating inferred ROC analyses were performed to evaluate performance difference on lesion-based and case-based decisions. The significance level of the test was set at 0.05 to control the probability of Type I error. Results - JAFROC analysis (F(3,33) = 26.34, p < 0.0001) and highest-rating inferred ROC analysis (F(3,33) = 10.65, p = 0.0026) revealed a statistically significant difference in lesion detection performance. The JAFROC figure-of-merit was 0.563 (95% CI 0.512,0.614) pre-training and 0.677 (95% CI 0.639,0.715) post-training. Highest rating inferred ROC figure-of-merit was 0.728 (95% CI 0.701,0.755) pre-training and 0.772 (95% CI 0.750,0.793) post-training. Conclusions - This study has demonstrated that novice observer performance can improve significantly. This study design may have relevance in the assessment of inexperienced radiographers taking part in PCE or commenting scheme for trauma.

Metacognitive and social cognition training (MSCT) in schizophrenia: a preliminary efficacy study

Psychosocial interventions have proven to be effective in treating social cognition in people with psychotic disorders. The current study aimed to determine the effects of a metacognitive and social cognition training (MSCT) program, designed to both remediate deficits and correct biases in social cognition. Thirty-five clinically stable outpatients were recruited and assigned to the MSCT program (n = 19) for 10 weeks (18 sessions) or to the TAU group (n = 16), and they all completed pre- and post-treatment assessments of social cognition, cognitive biases, functioning and symptoms. The MSCT group demonstrated a significant improvement in theory of mind, social perception, emotion recognition and social functioning. Additionally, the tendency to jump to conclusions was significantly reduced among the MSCT group after training. There were no differential benefits regarding clinical symptoms except for one trend group effect for general psychopathology. The results support the efficacy of the MSCT format, but further development of the training program is required to increase the benefits related to attributional style.

Severe stress urinary incontinence: pelvic floor muscle training program

International guidelines recommend a first line therapy in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training. This case report assesses the effects of the PFM training program in treating women with severe SUI. The urodynamic parameters allow diagnosed intrinsic sphincter deficiency and urethral hypermobility. The subjective and objective parameters were assessed at the beginning and after six-month of PFM training program. This case report confirms the efficiency of the intensive training program in severe SUI. The medical implications of the PFM training as first treatment option reflect favourable individual results and additionally contribute to the selection of the non-invasive treatment, the reduction of the incidence collateral effects, low costs and that does not prevent future treatment options.

Qualidade do ar interior em Escolas Básicas de 1.º ciclo: QAI em ambientes escolares: estudo orientado para as Escolas Básicas de 1.º ciclo de um agrupamento escolar

A Qualidade do Ar Interior (QAI) é um fator de grande preocupação. A importância de manter um ambiente salubre é mais acentuada em estabelecimentos escolares (EE), tendo em conta, que no interior destes permanecem crianças durante um elevado período de tempo. É fundamental garantir uma boa QAI nos edifícios escolares, de forma a salvaguardar a saúde, o bem-estar e o conforto dos ocupantes, bem como, não comprometer o seu desempenho escolar. Recentemente, foram construídos novos edifícios escolares e alguns dos existentes foram alvo de obras de remodelação. Contudo, a crescente tendência em construir edifícios cada vez mais herméticos, com vista à diminuição dos gastos de energia, origina problemas como a reduzida ventilação dos espaços. Vários estudos têm demonstrado a influência das atividades de limpeza na QAI. No entanto, verifica-se que na maioria das escolas não existem ainda procedimentos de limpeza padronizados. A falta de instruções de trabalho e a ausência de formação às assistentes operacionais pode comprometer a eficácia dos procedimentos de higienização, o que poderá ter influência na QAI dos espaços. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a QAI em escolas básicas de 1.º ciclo. Foram contemplados no estudo fatores como a tipologia do edifício, a ocupação das salas e as atividades de limpeza. Procedeu-se à caracterização dos EE e à monitorização de parâmetros ambientais, como a temperatura do ar, a humidade relativa, a velocidade do ar, o dióxido de carbono, o monóxido de carbono, as partículas, os microrganismos mesófilos totais e os fungos. Estes parâmetros foram avaliados nas salas com ocupação, sem ocupação e durante a implementação de um plano de higienização. A ventilação inadequada parece ser o fator que mais condiciona a QAI das salas de aula avaliadas. Registaram-se elevadas concentrações de dióxido de carbono e de microrganismos mesófilos totais, que parecem estar relacionados com a permanência dos ocupantes nos locais e com a falta de ventilação adequada dos espaços. A concentração de dióxido de carbono foi mais elevada em edifícios recentes. Os picos elevados na concentração de partículas parecem estar associados com as atividades dos ocupantes. Obtiveram-se concentrações menores de fungos e de microrganismos mesófilos totais ao longo da implementação do plano de higienização, o que poderá significar que os procedimentos de limpeza contribuem para reduzir os níveis de contaminação dos espaços interiores. No entanto, tendo em conta, que a concentração de microrganismos mesófilos totais permaneceu elevada, as operações de limpeza parecem não ser suficientes para garantir uma boa QAI. O aumento da ventilação dos espaços poderia contribuir significativamente para a melhoria da QAI dos espaços avaliados.

Relatório de estágio

I - As minhas expectativas eram elevadas pois este regresso à Escola Superior de Música de Lisboa permitia-me voltar a trabalhar com os professores que me formaram como músico e professor e com eles poder actualizar-me sobre vários temas ligados à pedagogia. Este aspecto é muito importante pois chego à conclusão que o tempo por vezes provoca-nos excesso de confiança que parece “cegar-nos” não nos deixando ver erros pedagógicos muitas vezes evitáveis. Quando ingressei neste estágio sentia-me confiante e seguro quanto às minhas capacidades como professor. O momento de viragem na minha perspectiva do estágio dá-se quando surgem as observações/gravações e respectivas análises e reflexões das aulas. Procurei trabalhar nessas aulas da forma mais natural possível pois o meu objectivo era observar o meu trabalho diário. A primeira observação das aulas permitiu-me anotar algumas coisas menos boas. Contudo, quando essa observação foi feita com o professor de didática os aspectos menos positivos ganharam uma enorme proporção: (1) falhas ao nível da instrução: demasiado longo, (2) feedback de pouca qualidade ou eficácia , (3) pouca percentagem de alunos que atingiam os objectivos., (4) ritmo de aula por vezes baixo devido a períodos longos de instrução ou devido a uma má gestão do espaço. Todos estes problemas eram mais visíveis quando as turmas eram maiores. Ao longo do estágio, e após a detecção destas falhas, fui procurando evitar estas práticas em todas as turmas onde leccionava. Senti que o ritmo de aula aumentou substancialmente não apenas à custa da energia do professor e de boas estratégias mas porque sobretudo se “falava menos e trabalhava-se mais”. Os erros dos alunos passaram a ser corrigos enquanto trabalhavam (feedback corretivo próximo do momento positivo ou negativo), o feedback positivo passou a ser mais destacado, a disposição da sala alterou-se de forma aos alunos estarem mais perto do professor, e este procurou ser menos “criativo” no momento de alterar o plano de aula devido a ideias momentâneas o que provocou mais tempo para cada estratégia e para que mais alunos fossem atingindo os objectivos. Apesar da evolução no sentido de proporcionar aos alunos aulas mais rentáveis e de ainda melhor qualidade, existe a consciência que alguns dos erros cometidos eram hábitos e como tal poderão levar algum tempo a ser corrigidos. Contudo, existe a consciência e a vontade em debelá-los da minha prática docente.

Training needs in TQM: the Portuguese perspective

A survey to assess training needs in TQM was developed in several European countries, within the framework of a Leonardo’s project named IMVOCED. Beyond a comparison of the results in each country, a global analysis was performed to design a TQM programme to be delivered by WBL (Work Based Learning). Differences were found between countries, and the Portuguese results also revealed that different approaches to TQM training should be adopted according to the organisation’s dimension. Based on this evidence, two different strategies for TQM training by WBL are proposed and discussed.