A feasability study of the analysis of the economic outcomes of specialized nutrition in obesity and weight management in Switzerland

The increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated complications requires specialized care to improve outcomes and control health care costs. Obesity is associated with numerous serious and costly medical problems requiring specialized care in managing health. The economic burden of obesity includes increased inpatient and outpatient medical expenditures as well as employer-related issues of absenteeism and associate costs. The objectives of this study are: - To describe the health consequences and the economic burden of obesity, - To review the existing treatment - To argue in favor of a specialized nutritional intervention that has shown to improve health and reduce obesity related health care costs. Therefore, expose the possibility of introducing the specialized nutrition in Switzerland and the feasibility of this project considering the medical trends and reimbursement system in Switzerland The benefits and outcomes for the patients will be the significant weight loss which reduces the severity and risk factors for complications and the improved health and quality of life. Weight loss will be a combination of a diet, exercise and behavioral interventions which are the basic recommendations for obesity treatment in addition to the specialized nutritional support. By nutritional support, we mean products that are intended to provide nutritional support in the dietary management of people with specific diseases and conditions when adequate intake of regular foods is compromised. These products are called, Food for special medical purposes FSMP. They are not intended to treat, cure, prevent, mitigate or have a direct impact on disease in a manner similar to drugs or other medical treatments and should be used under medical supervision. They also provide a low cost alternative to surgery. From a health care system perspective, the specialized nutrition will drive its advantage by reducing the utilization of medical services for obesity associated complications like medication, physician's consultations and surgical interventions arriving to a cost effective care for the hospitals, the health care organizations and the third party payers which are the health insurances. [Author, p. 4]

Jane Eyre: del text a la pantalla : Un estudi comparatiu entre l'obra de Charlotte Brontë i l'adaptació cinematogràfica de Cary Fukunaga

Treball de fi de màster que estudia comparativament les relacions entre la novel·la "Jane Eyre" de Charlotte Brontë i l'adaptació cinematogràfica de la mateixa realitzada pel director Cary Fukunaga.

Les Sentències catòliques del diví poeta Dant (1545) d’en Jaume Ferrer de Blanes: edició crítica del text

Procurador reial i nobiliari, cosmògraf, joier, lapidari, mercader i escriptor, i al capdavall, un ciutadà català honrat, en Ferrer (Vidreres, ~1445 – Blanes, 1529) va marxar de ben jove, primer, a la cort de Nàpols, al servei del rei en Ferran I, i després a la cort de Sicília, al servei de la reina na Joana de Sicília. Acabada aquesta peripècia italiana va tornar a Blanes al servei del vescomte de Cabrera i de Bas fins que va morir a la mateixa vila al 1529. Un seu criat, disset anys més tard, va editar uns papers esparsos que havia trobat a can Ferrer, les (sic) Sentèncias cathòlicas del diví poeta Dant florentí, compilades per lo prudentíssim mossèn Jaume Ferrer de Blanes, incloent-hi tres parts. La primera, Conclusions, és un sumari destinat a mostrar (sic) «Entre totas las cosas necessàries a l’home per aconseguir lo seu fi y beatitut eterna principalment són tres»; la segona, Meditació, és una reflexió a fi d’il•luminar els misteris sobre la passió i mort de Jesucrist a (sic) «lo santíssim loch de Calvari»; la tercera, Letras, és un conjunt de dotze documents, entre cartes i d’altres textos, «fetas a mossèn Jaume Ferrer, respostes e regles per ell ordenades en cosmographia y en art de navegar». En Ferrer, home de grans recursos, fa un recorregut per tots els coneixements que havia acumulat al llarg de la seva vida, de Dant Alighieri a Ptolemeu i del marquès de Santillana a Albert Gran o a Aristòtil, fent servir fragments de la Commedia, dels Proverbios, de la Bíblia i de moltes altres autoritats científiques i filosòfiques, en català, italià, espanyol, llatí i, també, set mots en arameu

Estudo arqueométrico de cerâmicas do Sítio Guará, Goiás, Brasil

There is no evidence of urban civilization in Brazilian prehistory; most inhabitants lived in tribal groupings, probably with regional economic integration among several independent tribes. There is little evidence of seasonal migrations between the coast and the inland of southern Brazil. Some specialized horticulturists competed among themselves but other groups lived more isolated and probably peacefully, in the upper interfluvial regions. Chemical analysis of artifacts is a means of documenting traffic in particular materials and intraregional production and distribution, development of craft specialization and typological refinement among other issues. In this study we tested some possibilities in two different cultural contexts using the parametric k0 neutron activation analysis technique, which allowed the determination of elements: Al, As, Au, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Ta, Ti, V and Zn.

Tendências evolutivas de famílias produtoras de cumarinas em angiospermae

Coumarins are special metabolites well distributed in the Angiospermae, either in Monocotyledoneae or Dicotyledoneae. Simple coumarins, the most widespread type, is found in all coumarin-producing families, such as: Apiaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Oleaceae, Moraceae e Thymelaeaceae. The other types, linear- and angular furanocoumarins, linear- and angular pyranocoumarins, lignocoumarins, bis- and triscoumarins, are of more restricted circumscription. Among the families with occurrence numbers (NO) > 100, the more advanced ones are specialized in the production of only one or two coumarin types, while the primitive families are very well diversified in types. Calculations of percentual numbers of occurrence (%NO) show relevant meaning of coumarin-types in the taxonomic positioning of the producing taxa.

Química analítica brasileira durante os 25 anos da SBQ: contexto atual e senso comum

This work presents an overview of the development of analytical chemistry in Brazil in the last 25 years under the influence of Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ). It is shown that the common sense that analytical chemistry is still an under-developed area is not true. Data from specialized literature show a significant contribution of Brazilian analytical chemists in high impact periodicals and for several areas there is a good adherence among works carried out in Brazil and abroad according to a comparison of studies presented in the 11th Brazilian Meeting on Analytical Chemistry (Campinas, September, 2001) and the XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (Lisboa, September, 2000). According to the opinion of investigators in this area, there are some topics that require a focused attention for proper evolution. However, there is an absolute consensus about the evolution of graduate programs and the need to improve and extend strategies to absorb newcomers in the area. Some suggestions are presented considering possible pathways of analytical chemistry in Brazil.

O uso do forno de microondas na síntese orgânica em fase sólida

Solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) has been considered the main strategy for the construction of combinatorial libraries, because its simplicity leads to faster synthetic procedures. In addition to that, a series of reports in the specialized literature show great advantages in the use of microwave activation, when compared to classical heating, for instance: shorter reaction times, in some cases from several hours to a few minutes, increase of selectivity and product yields, energy economy and reduction and/or elimination of solvent. This review describes the use of microwave ovens/reactors in solid phase organic synthesis, describing the advantages, equipment and reactions using both techniques.

A rota dos estudos sobre a cochonilha em Portugal e no Brasil no século XIX: caminhos desencontrados

For imparting an intense and long-lasting red to fabrics, cochineal remained in high demand during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This period witnessed, accordingly, several initiatives aimed at producing the precious dye: publication of specialized texts, cultivation of the cactus and the insect from which the dye is extracted, and, also, attempts to obtain the secrets of production through espionage. The present paper analyses certain aspects of the measures adopted by the Portuguese government towards Brazil in this field. The work shows how people sought to take part in the network of cochineal production (yet they were unsuccessful most of the time).

Proposta d’un text articulat sobre teoria general del contracte per al Llibre sisè del Codi Civil de Catalunya

El treball que es presenta conté un text articulat sobre la part de teoria general del contracte (arts. 612-1 i següents) del llibre sisè del Codi Civil de Catalunya. El procés de codificació civil que es viu a Catalunya justifica aquest treball, que podria ser útil per a elaboració del llibre sisè del CCCat dedicat a les obligacions i els contractes. El treball consta d’una proposta de text articulat, amb el seus respectius comentaris a cada article. Es tracta del capítol segon del títol primer del llibre sisè, i es divideix en les següents seccions: 1) El contracte, els seus elements essencials, i la seva eficàcia; 2) La formació del contracte; 3) La interpretació del contracte; i 4) La ineficàcia del contracte, que inclou l’anàlisi dels vicis del consentiment. El treball ha pres com a referència les principals propostes d’harmonització del dret contractual (Principis Unidroit [PICC], Principis de Dret Contractual Europeu [PECL], Marc Comú de Referència [DCFR], i l’Instrument Opcional sobre Compravenda Europea [CESL] i la regulació dels codis més moderns (entre ells, el del Quebec, l’Holandès, el Portuguès o l’Italià) i les seves propostes de reforma (el projecte Terrè a França, i la Propuesta de Modificación del Código Civil Español en materia de obligaciones y contratos). En la proposta presentada s’incorporen institucions no regulades en el Codi civil espanyol actualment vigent a Catalunya en la seva condició de dret supletori, i s’omplen algunes llacunes d’aquest cos legal. Es poden citar, entre elles, les clàusules abusives dels contractes, el canvi en les circumstàncies essencials del contracte, el contracte per a persona per designar, la responsabilitat per culpa in contrahendo, les cartes d’intencions, el règim de l’oferta i l’acceptació del contracte, els contractes preparatoris, els drets de preferència, la possibilitat d’anul·lació del contracte per concessió d’un avantatge injust a alguna de les parts, i el règim dels contractes en frau de creditors.