E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, March 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, April 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, May 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, May 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, June 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, February 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, September 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, October 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, November 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, Iowa Department of Corrections, July 2003

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, January 2004

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections

Ecology and evolution of soil nematode chemotaxis.

Plants influence the behavior of and modify community composition of soil-dwelling organisms through the exudation of organic molecules. Given the chemical complexity of the soil matrix, soil-dwelling organisms have evolved the ability to detect and respond to these cues for successful foraging. A key question is how specific these responses are and how they may evolve. Here, we review and discuss the ecology and evolution of chemotaxis of soil nematodes. Soil nematodes are a group of diverse functional and taxonomic types, which may reveal a variety of responses. We predicted that nematodes of different feeding guilds use host-specific cues for chemotaxis. However, the examination of a comprehensive nematode phylogeny revealed that distantly related nematodes, and nematodes from different feeding guilds, can exploit the same signals for positive orientation. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)), which is ubiquitous in soil and indicates biological activity, is widely used as such a cue. The use of the same signals by a variety of species and species groups suggests that parts of the chemo-sensory machinery have remained highly conserved during the radiation of nematodes. However, besides CO(2), many other chemical compounds, belonging to different chemical classes, have been shown to induce chemotaxis in nematodes. Plants surrounded by a complex nematode community, including beneficial entomopathogenic nematodes, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as microbial feeders, are thus under diffuse selection for producing specific molecules in the rhizosphere that maximize their fitness. However, it is largely unknown how selection may operate and how belowground signaling may evolve. Given the paucity of data for certain groups of nematodes, future work is needed to better understand the evolutionary mechanisms of communication between plant roots and soil biota.

Hybrid speciation in birds: allopatry more important than ecology?

Hybrid speciation was once thought to be rare in animals, but over the past decade, improved molecular analysis techniques and increased research attention have allowed scientists to uncover many examples. In this issue, two papers (Elgvin et al. 2011; Hermansen et al. 2011) present compelling evidence for the hybrid origin of the Italian sparrow based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, microsatellites, and plumage coloration. These studies point to an important role for geographic isolation in the process of hybrid speciation, and provide a starting point for closer examination of the genetic and behavioural mechanisms involved.

Dialyse et écologie: est-il possible de faire mieux à l'avenir [Dialysis and ecology: can we do better in the future?].

Development of dialysis has saved the lives of many patients. However, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are very demanding in resources such as water and electricity, and generate a large amount of waste. In this article, we will review the environmental aspects of dialysis. Different solutions will be discussed, such as recycling of water discharged during reverse osmosis, the integration of solar energy, recycling of waste plastics, and the use of other techniques such as sorbent dialysis. In a world where natural resources are precious and where global warming is a major problem, it is important that not only dialysis, but all branches of medicine become more attentive to ecology.

E-1 Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections, February 2004

Monthly Statistical Movement Summary for Entire Iowa Department of Corrections