Interação medicamentosa associada à reinternação hospitalar: estudo retrospectivo em um hospital geral

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre interação medicamentosa potencial e reinternação hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 1.487 pacientes maiores de 18 anos admitidos em um hospital geral em Vitória da Conquista, BA, de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. Os dados foram extraídos da Autorização de Internação Hospitalar do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde. O relacionamento probabilístico foi empregado para combinar múltiplas autorizações de uma mesma internação em um único registro e para identificar readmissões. Informações sobre prescrições foram agregadas manualmente aos registros do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar. Regressão logística foi utilizada para quantificar a influência de interação medicamentosa potencial e reinternação. Regressão de Cox foi empregada para testar a influência dessa variável no tempo até a primeira reinternação. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 99 readmissões (7% dos pacientes). Interação medicamentosa potencial foi encontrada em 35% das prescrições analisadas. Pacientes com potencial de interação medicamentosa na admissão prévia foram mais propensos à reinternação. A razão de chance ajustada indicou que esses pacientes tinham chance 2,4 vezes maior de readmissão; a taxa de risco ajustada mostrou que em pacientes com interação medicamentosa esse risco foi 79% maior (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho sugerem associação entre exposição à interação em internação prévia e risco aumentado de reinternação. Os profissionais de saúde devem atentar para os riscos potenciais de certas combinações medicamentosas e monitorar cuidadosamente pacientes em maior risco, como aqueles com insuficiência renal ou idosos.

Eventos adversos a medicamentos em hospital terciário: estudo piloto com rastreadores

OBJETIVO : Estimar a frequência e caracterizar os eventos adversos a medicamentos em hospital de cuidados terciários. MÉTODOS : Revisão retrospectiva de 128 prontuários de hospital do Rio de Janeiro, em 2007, representando 2.092 pacientes. A ferramenta utilizada foi uma lista de rastreadores, como antídotos, análises laboratoriais com resultados anormais, suspensão brusca de medicação e outros. Foi extraída amostra aleatória simples daqueles pacientes com 15 anos ou mais de idade. Foram excluídos pacientes oncológicos e da obstetrícia, e os internados por menos de 48 horas ou na emergência. Os pacientes com e sem eventos adversos a medicamentos foram comparados quanto a características sociais, demográficas e de doenças, para testar as diferenças entre os grupos. RESULTADOS : Cerca de 70,0% dos prontuários apresentaram no mínimo um rastreador. A capacidade dos rastreadores de identificar eventos adversos a medicamentos foi 14,4%. A incidência de eventos adversos a medicamentos foi 26,6/100 pacientes. Foram identificados um ou mais eventos em 15,6% dos pacientes. O tempo mediano de permanência hospitalar foi 35,2 dias para os pacientes com eventos adversos a medicamentos e 10,7 dias para os demais (p < 0,01). As classes de medicamentos mais envolvidos foram as que atuam sobre o aparelho cardiovascular e sobre o sistema nervoso, e os do trato digestivo e metabolismo. Os fármacos mais imputados foram: tramadol, dipirona, glibenclamida e furosemida. Do total de eventos, 82,0% contribuíram ou provocaram danos temporários ao paciente e demandaram intervenção, e 6,0% podem ter contribuído para o óbito do paciente. Estima-se que o hospital apresente, anualmente, 131 eventos de sonolência e lipotimia, 33 quedas e 33 hemorragias potencialmente associados aos medicamentos. CONCLUSÕES : Quase 1/6 dos pacientes internados apresentou um evento adverso a medicamentos (16,0%). A ferramenta estudada pode ser útil como técnica de monitoramento e avaliação do resultado dos cuidados aos pacientes internados. A revisão da terapia com psicotrópicos merece ser feita, dada a frequência de eventos associados, como sedação excessiva, letargia, queda e hipotensão.

The utilization bound of non-preemptive rate-monotonic scheduling in controller area networks is 25%

Consider a distributed computer system comprising many computer nodes, each interconnected with a controller area network (CAN) bus. We prove that if priorities to message streams are assigned using rate-monotonic (RM) and if the requested capacity of the CAN bus does not exceed 25% then all deadlines are met.

Conjecture about global fixed-priority preemptive multiprocessor scheduling of implicit-deadline sporadic tasks: the utilization bound of SM-US(sqrt(2)-1) is sqrt(2)-1

Consider global fixed-priority preemptive multiprocessor scheduling of implicit-deadline sporadic tasks. I conjecture that the utilization bound of SM-US(√2−1) is √2-1.

The utilization bound of uniprocessor preemptive slack-monotonic scheduling is 50%

Consider the problem of scheduling a set of sporadically arriving implicit-deadline tasks to meet deadlines on a uniprocessor. Static-priority scheduling is considered using the slack-monotonic priority-assignment scheme. We prove that its utilization bound is 50%.

Global static-priority preemptive multiprocessor scheduling with utilization bound 38%

Consider the problem of scheduling real-time tasks on a multiprocessor with the goal of meeting deadlines. Tasks arrive sporadically and have implicit deadlines, that is, the deadline of a task is equal to its minimum inter-arrival time. Consider this problem to be solved with global static-priority scheduling. We present a priority-assignment scheme with the property that if at most 38% of the processing capacity is requested then all deadlines are met.

Principal components and generalized linear modeling in the correlation between hospital admissions and air pollution

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between concentrations of air pollutants and admissions for respiratory causes in children. METHODS Ecological time series study. Daily figures for hospital admissions of children aged < 6, and daily concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) were analyzed in the Região da Grande Vitória, ES, Southeastern Brazil, from January 2005 to December 2010. For statistical analysis, two techniques were combined: Poisson regression with generalized additive models and principal model component analysis. Those analysis techniques complemented each other and provided more significant estimates in the estimation of relative risk. The models were adjusted for temporal trend, seasonality, day of the week, meteorological factors and autocorrelation. In the final adjustment of the model, it was necessary to include models of the Autoregressive Moving Average Models (p, q) type in the residuals in order to eliminate the autocorrelation structures present in the components. RESULTS For every 10:49 μg/m3 increase (interquartile range) in levels of the pollutant PM10 there was a 3.0% increase in the relative risk estimated using the generalized additive model analysis of main components-seasonal autoregressive – while in the usual generalized additive model, the estimate was 2.0%. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the usual generalized additive model, in general, the proposed aspect of generalized additive model − principal component analysis, showed better results in estimating relative risk and quality of fit.

The utilization bound of static-priority preemptive partitioned multiprocessor scheduling is 50%

This paper studies static-priority preemptive scheduling on a multiprocessor using partitioned scheduling. We propose a new scheduling algorithm and prove that if the proposed algorithm is used and if less than 50% of the capacity is requested then all deadlines are met. It is known that for every static-priority multiprocessor scheduling algorithm, there is a task set that misses a deadline although the requested capacity is arbitrary close to 50%.

Determinants of using pacifier and bottle feeding

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with the use of pacifiers and/or bottle feeding in infants aged under one year.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 34,366 children and using data from the database of the 2nd Nationwide Survey of Breastfeeding Prevalence performed in the Brazilian capitals and Federal District in 2008. Cluster sampling was used. The questionnaire included questions about the use of artificial nipples in the last 24 hours. The analysis considered three outcomes: exclusive use of pacifier, exclusive use of bottle feeding, and use of artificial nipples (pacifier and bottle feeding). Prevalence ratios were obtained using Poisson regression with robust variance following a hierarchical model.RESULTS The following factors were associated with exclusive use of the pacifier: mother working outside the home, primiparity, child was not breastfed within the first hour, and child had consumed tea on the first day at home. The following factors were associated with exclusive use of bottle feeding: mother working outside the home, primiparity, low birth weight, child not breastfed within the first hour, and child had consumed milk formula and tea on the first day at home. The following factors were associated with use of artificial nipples (pacifier and bottle feeding): mother working outside the home, primiparity, cesarean delivery, the male gender, low birth weight, born in a hospital not accredited as “baby friendly”, required health baby monitoring in the Primary Health Care Unit (PR = 0.91), and child had consumed milk formula, water, or tea on the first day at home.CONCLUSIONS This study identified profiles of exclusive users of pacifiers, bottle feeding, and both. The provided information can guide preventive practices for child health.

Evaluation of maternal and neonatal hospital care: quality index of completeness

OBJECTIVE Develop an index to evaluate the maternal and neonatal hospital care of the Brazilian Unified Health System.METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study of national scope was based on the structure-process-outcome framework proposed by Donabedian and on comprehensive health care. Data from the Hospital Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments were used. The maternal and neonatal network of Brazilian Unified Health System consisted of 3,400 hospitals that performed at least 12 deliveries in 2009 or whose number of deliveries represented 10.0% or more of the total admissions in 2009. Relevance and reliability were defined as criteria for the selection of variables. Simple and composite indicators and the index of completeness were constructed and evaluated, and the distribution of maternal and neonatal hospital care was assessed in different regions of the country.RESULTS A total of 40 variables were selected, from which 27 single indicators, five composite indicators, and the index of completeness of care were built. Composite indicators were constructed by grouping simple indicators and included the following variables: hospital size, level of complexity, delivery care practice, recommended hospital practice, and epidemiological practice. The index of completeness of care grouped the five variables and classified them in ascending order, thereby yielding five levels of completeness of maternal and neonatal hospital care: very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high. The hospital network was predominantly of small size and low complexity, with inadequate child delivery care and poor development of recommended and epidemiological practices. The index showed that more than 80.0% hospitals had a low index of completeness of care and that most qualified heath care services were concentrated in the more developed regions of the country.CONCLUSIONS The index of completeness proved to be of great value for monitoring the maternal and neonatal hospital care of Brazilian Unified Health System and indicated that the quality of health care was unsatisfactory. However, its application does not replace specific evaluations.

Índice de distorção, parâmetros celulares e composição química de cordierite de granitóides e corneanas da região de Tondela - Oliveira do Hospital (Portugal Central)

Memórias e Noticias, PubI. Mus. Lab. Mineral. Geol., Univ. Coimbra, n.O 116, 1993

Exposição ocupacional a campos electromagnéticos em ressonância magnética: a RM 3 TESLA do Hospital Dona Estefânia

Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às Tecnologias da Saúde

Estudo de um método de avaliação de desempenho aplicado aos técnicos de radiologia do Hospital Curry Cabral

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde

Cultura da (in) segurança nos contextos de trabalho em enfermagem: o caso do Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora - E.P.E.

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde

Intra-hospital organ and tissue donation coordination project: cost-effectiveness and social benefits

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the viability of a professional specialist in intra-hospital committees of organ and tissue donation for transplantation. METHODS Epidemiological, retrospective and cross-sectional study (2003-2011 and 2008-2012), which was performed using organ donation for transplants data in the state of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Nine hospitals were evaluated (hospitals 1 to 9). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the differences in the number of brain death referrals and actual donors (dependent variables) after the professional specialist started work (independent variable) at the intra-hospital committee of organ and tissue donation for transplantation. To evaluate the hospital invoicing, the hourly wage of the doctor and registered nurse, according to the legislation of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, were calculated, as were the investment return and the time elapsed to do so. RESULTS Following the nursing specialist commencement on the committee, brain death referrals and the number of actual donors increased at hospital 2 (4.17 and 1.52, respectively). At hospital 7, the number of actual donors also increased from 0.005 to 1.54. In addition, after the nurse started working, hospital revenues increased by 190.0% (ranging 40.0% to 1.955%). The monthly cost for the nurse working 20 hours was US$397.97 while the doctor would cost US$3,526.67. The return on investment was 275% over the short term (0.36 years). CONCLUSIONS This paper showed that including a professional specialist in intra-hospital committees for organ and tissue donation for transplantation proved to be cost-effective. Further economic research in the area could contribute to the efficient public policy implementation of this organ and tissue harvesting model.