906 resultados para electroosmotic mobility


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Los documentos del Seminario fueron publicados por UNESCO en 1961 con el título: La urbanización en América Latina/Urbanization in Latin America

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This issue of the FAL Bulletin examines aspects of current urban transport policies in Latin America and proposes a conceptual framework for an integrated and sustainable mobility policy.

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On 13 and 14 March 2008 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, a seminar on urban mobility policies and urban transport infrastructure services was organized by French Cooperation and ECLAC (through its Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division and its Office in Buenos Aires), with the sponsorship of the Alliance française and the Andean Development Corporation.

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This issue of the FAL Bulletin analyses institutional alternatives and international best practices for the development of transportation services that explicitly include and integrate users with some type of disability.

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This issue of the FAL bulletin analyses transport and mobility policy in Latin America, where the lack of integrated public policies for urban mobility and the failure to take coordinated action over time make it difficult to prioritize investments and coordinate existing initiatives (both public and private).

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This issue of the FAL Bulletin summarizes the main outcomes of a regional workshop held in Costa Rica in November 2012 that brought together ministers and high-level authorities from the member countries of the Mesoamerica Project.

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Includes bibliography

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Much analysis and proposals on sustainable transport policies have been developed around the world, both at government and research institutions. It is clear that no action will provide the single solution and it is imperative to act simultaneously on: i) improvement of technology in vehicles, leading to increased energy efficiency; ii) the change in driver behavior, to use less fuel per kilometer; iii) reducing the distances traveled per vehicle; and iv) a change in the type of travels towards more sustainable modes of transport.In general, the recommendations for energy efficiency in transport are mainly focused on the first two priorities on the list, while the portfolios of policies —instrumental to the needs of the countries— should use trans-sectoral and multi-dimensional approaches, such as public transport planning and land use. In ECLAC, we consider that the time has come to provide Latin American and Caribbean countries with a deeper understanding and a more strategic vision (and adapted to the realities of the region) on these issues; in this sense, we hope that this document will help countries to improve and further expand their portfolios of energy efficiency policies in the transport sector, in order to achieve the ambitious goals of energy efficiency, needed to ensure a sustainable energy future.

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Since the start of the twenty-first century, the Brazilian economy has experienced a growth cycle with characteristics unlike those of its previous historical experience, combining growth, macroeconomic stability and distributive progress. In this context, the study aims to analyse the factors and distributive effects of occupational mobility in Brazil, based on data obtained from the Monthly Employment Survey. The results suggest that: (i) mobility has been used in Brazil as a way to raise wages, even when it involves a drop in socio-occupational status; (ii) nonetheless, the wage increase obtained by changing job or occupational segment is smaller for poorer workers than for wealthier ones; and (iii) consequently, mobility helps to increase income, but it also tends to widen wage gaps.

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This FAL Bulletin highlights the importance of rivers in the transport system of South America. Raising the issue of river mobility and policymaking is important not only for the development of river transport but also in view of its social and economic impact, especially in regions where geography complicates the provision of land infrastructure.

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This FAL Bulletin summarizes the main findings and proposals contained in the document “Políticas de logística y movilidad para el desarrollo sostenible y la integración regional”, recently published by the Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division (NRID), ECLAC. It contains a proposal for a paradigm shift in the formulation of national logistics and mobility policies, with common guidelines for Latin American and Caribbean countries.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This study aims to identify, describe, and analyse strategies used by a teacher to support the mobility of students with visual impairment in various school environments. A female student with visual impairment in Brazil, aged 5 years, and her classroom teacher participated in the study. Their interactions were videotaped, and later, their dialogue and actions were transcribed. Six themes of analysis were elaborated, one for each support strategy used by the teacher. The results revealed that the strategies employed by the teacher often hampered the child’s orientation and mobility. This was probably the result of a lack of assistance by professionals specialised in Orientation and Mobility, as stipulated in Brazilian legislation.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and strength training on the balance, fear of falling and handgrip strength of older women with a history of falls. The fear of falling, mobility and grip strength were evaluated in 11 elderly fallers (72.4 ± 5.2 years). The faller group was submitted to 12 weeks of virtual reality and muscle strength training. The results showed improvement in mobility (p = 0.0004) and in the fear of falling (p = 0.002). No significant difference was observed for hand grip strength. It can be concluded that virtual reality and muscle strength interventions are beneficial for mobility and fear of falling in older women with a history of falls.

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This paper is concerned with what a source precisely sees when it drives a receiver such as a continuous structural object. An equivalent lumped element system consisting of masses, springs and dampers is developed to visually represent the operational structural dynamics of a single-input structure at the driving point. The development is solely based on the mobility model of the driving point response. The mobility model is mathematically inverted to give the impedance model that is suitable for lumped element modeling. The two types of structures studied are unconstrained inertial objects and constrained resilient objects. The lumped element systems presented suggest a new view to dynamics that a single-input flexible structure in operation can be decomposed into the two subsystems: a base system of single degree of freedom (or of a mass for an inertial object) whose mass is in contact with the source and an appendage system consisting of a series of oscillators each of which is attached to the base mass. The driving point response is a result of the coupling between the two subsystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.