Per il progetto di restauro: Analisi e sintesi di esperienze diverse

È possibile delineare un percorso operativo imprescindibile e necessario ad un intervento di restauro? Alla base di questa tesi vi è la volontà di definire una traccia leggera ma chiara, un iter metodologico pratico che tuttavia non appiattisca il restauro ad una mera disciplina tecnica ma lo consideri per quello che realmente è, un atto di progettazione dell’architettura, con le relative complessità e sfaccettature che contraddistinguono questo delicato esercizio. Ho tracciato la mia ipotesi di un percorso con l'aiuto di una bibliografia di riferimento, suddividendo in tappe il percorso in modo da renderlo più chiaro e leggibile. Dopodiché ho presentato tre esperienze, fatte nel corso di questi anni di studio, e ho comparato questi lavori con la metodologia definita precedentemente. Fine ultimo di questo elaborato è andare oltre le singole esperienze svolte ed estrapolare un filo conduttore per il progetto di restauro, che possa servire di qui in avanti, in esperienze future.

Protocolli per la valutazione delle proprietà sterilizzanti di diverse sorgenti di plasma

La tesi si propone di esaminare i vari protocolli utilizzati per valutare le proprietà sterilizzanti di diverse sorgenti di plasma.

Stima della variazione dello sforzo assiale nei pilastri e nelle connessioni per diverse tipologie di strutture prefabbricate

In questo studio è stata effettuata una stima della riduzione della azione verticale sul pilastro e in particolare in corrispondenza delle connessioni, per varie tipologie strutturali, per effetto dell’azione sismica verticale. Si è pervenuti, nei diversi casi analizzati, una legge per il coefficiente di attrito dinamico, a partire dal coefficiente di attrito statico, tenendo conto della legge di riduzione dello sforzo assiale, da utilizzare per il calcolo della forza di attrito che si instaura nelle suddette condizioni dinamiche. A tal fine sono stati utilizzati diversi modelli che tengono conto delle caratteristiche geometriche, della lunghezza e della forma degli elementi strutturali oltre che delle varie condizioni di carico, luci massime e minime che possono raggiungere gli elementi orizzontali. Sono state pertanto effettuate, attraverso l’ utilizzo di software di calcolo agli elementi finiti, diverse tipologie di analisi che hanno permesso di effettuare le indagini necessarie sul problema oggetto di studio.

A Method for Detecting Population Genetic Structure in Diverse, High Gene-Flow Species

Detecting small amounts of genetic subdivision across geographic space remains a persistent challenge. Often a failure to detect genetic structure is mistaken for evidence of panmixia, when more powerful statistical tests may uncover evidence for subtle geographic differentiation. Such slight subdivision can be demographically and evolutionarily important as well as being critical for management decisions. We introduce here a method, called spatial analysis of shared alleles (SAShA), that detects geographically restricted alleles by comparing the spatial arrangement of allelic co-occurrences with the expectation under panmixia. The approach is allele-based and spatially explicit, eliminating the loss of statistical power that can occur with user-defined populations and statistical averaging within populations. Using simulated data sets generated under a stepping-stone model of gene flow, we show that this method outperforms spatial autocorrelation (SA) and UST under common real-world conditions: at relatively high migration rates when diversity is moderate or high, especially when sampling is poor. We then use this method to show clear differences in the genetic patterns of 2 nearshore Pacific mollusks, Tegula funebralis (5 Chlorostoma funebralis) and Katharina tunicata, whose overall patterns of within-species differentiation are similar according to traditional population genetics analyses. SAShA meaningfully complements UST/FST, SA, and other existing geographic genetic analyses and is especially appropriate for evaluating species with high gene flow and subtle genetic differentiation.

Expression and localization pattern of ABCA1 in diverse human placental primary cells and tissues

The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates the transport of cholesterol, phospholipids, and other lipophilic molecules across cellular membranes. Recent data provide evidence that ABCA1 plays an important role in placental function but the exact cellular sites of ABCA1 action in the placenta remain controversial. To clarify this issue, we analyzed the cellular and subcellular localization of ABCA1 with immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and subsequent confocal or immunofluorescence microscopy in different types of isolated primary placenta cells: cytotrophoblast cells, amnion epithelial cells, villous macrophages (Hofbauer cells), and mesenchymal cells isolated from chorionic membrane and placental villi. After 12 h of cultivation, primary cytotrophoblast cells showed intensive membrane and cytoplasmic staining for ABCA1. After 24 h, with progressive syncytium formation, ABCA1 staining intensity was markedly reduced and ABCA1 was dispersed in the cytoplasm of the forming syncytial layer. In amnion epithelial cells, placental macrophages and mesenchymal cells, ABCA1 was predominantly localized at the cell membrane and cytoplasmic compartments partially corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum. In these cell types, the ABCA1 staining intensity was not dependent on the cultivation time. In conclusion, ABCA1 shows marked expression levels in diverse placental cell types. The multitopic localization of ABCA1 in diverse human placental cells not all directly involved in materno-fetal exchange suggests that this protein may not only participate in transplacental lipid transport but could have additional regulatory functions.

Lexical Development in Adult Beginning Second Language Learners

This research tests the hypothesis that knowledge of derivational morphology facilitates vocabulary acquisition in beginning adult second language learners. Participants were mono-lingual English-speaking college students aged 18 years and older enrolled inintroductory Spanish courses. Knowledge of Spanish derivational morphology was tested through the use of a forced-choice translation task. Spanish lexical knowledge was measured by a translation task using direct translation (English word) primes and conceptual (picture) primes. A 2x2x2 mixed factor ANOVA examined the relationships between morphological knowledge (strong, moderate), error type (form-based, conceptual), and prime type (direct translation, picture). The results are consistent with the existence of a relationship between knowledge of derivational morphology andacquisition of second language vocabulary. Participants made more conceptually-based errors than form-based errors F (1,22)=7.744, p=.011. This result is consistent with Clahsen & Felser’s (2006) and Ullman’s (2004) models of second language processing. Additionally, participants with Strong morphological knowledge made fewer errors onthe lexical knowledge task than participants with Moderate morphological knowledge t(23)=-2.656, p=.014. I suggest future directions to clarify the relationship between morphological knowledge and lexical development in adult second language learners.

Age, microbiota, and T cells shape diverse individual IgA repertoires in the intestine

Intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) ensures host defense and symbiosis with our commensal microbiota. Yet previous studies hint at a surprisingly low diversity of intestinal IgA, and it is unknown to what extent the diverse Ig arsenal generated by somatic recombination and diversification is actually used. In this study, we analyze more than one million mouse IgA sequences to describe the shaping of the intestinal IgA repertoire, its determinants, and stability over time. We show that expanded and infrequent clones combine to form highly diverse polyclonal IgA repertoires with very little overlap between individual mice. Selective homing allows expanded clones to evenly seed the small but not large intestine. Repertoire diversity increases during aging in a dual process. On the one hand, microbiota-, T cell-, and transcription factor RORγt-dependent but Peyer's patch-independent somatic mutations drive the diversification of expanded clones, and on the other hand, new clones are introduced into the repertoire of aged mice. An individual's IgA repertoire is stable and recalled after plasma cell depletion, which is indicative of functional memory. These data provide a conceptual framework to understand the dynamic changes in the IgA repertoires to match environmental and intrinsic stimuli.