Evidence from the Pacific Northwest for solar modulation of climate and of northern ecosystems

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): The 250-year net annual snow accumulation, or mass balance, time series derived from the Mt. Logan (Yukon) ice core has been spectrally analyzed and is found to contain a nominal 11-year waveform. The stable isotope time series contains a significant amount of power between 9 and 13 years, although this record is evidently not a straightforward proxy for air temperatures. The signal in the mass balance time series exhibits a close relationship with the sunspot cycle waveform and is, therefore, assumed to be related to it. Waveforms showing a high correlation with the solar cycle are found in other climate data in the region. ... Taken collectively, the data point to a link between solar variability, atmospheric variability, climate, and selected ecological dynamics in the Pacific Northwest, but other data, not presented, indicate these relationships may hold elsewhere. So far, the evidence is empirical; complete details of the physical mechanisms involved have yet to be synthesized in a satisfactory way.

Two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in InGaAsP/InP multi-quantum-well waveguides

We report the first measurement of two-photon absorption (TPA) and self-phase modulation in an InGaAsP/InP multi-quantum-well waveguide. The TPA coefficient, β2, was found to be 60±10 cm/GW at 1.55 μm. Despite operating at 200 nm from the band edge, self-phase modulation as high as 8±2 rad was observed for 30-ps optical pulses at 3.8-W peak input power. A theoretical calculation indicates that this enhanced phase modulation is primarily due to bandfilling in the quantum wells and the free-carrier plasma effect.

Subcarrier modulation for transmission of 1-Gbit/s channels over 500 m of 62.5-μm multimode fiber

The use of two different subcarriers at frequencies up to 5.5 GHz each transmitting 1 Gbit/s over 500 m of multimode fiber (MMF) is demonstrated. By transmitting the two subcarrier channels simultaneously alongside the baseband signal, an aggregate bit rate of 2.8 Gbit/s is possible.