In vitro assessment of the pulmonary toxicity and gastric availability of lead-rich particles from a lead recycling plant

Epidemiological studies in urban areas have linked increasing respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from anthropic activities. However, the biological fate of metal-rich PM industrial emissions in urban areas of developed countries remains understudied. Lead toxicity and bioaccessibility assessments were therefore performed on emissions from a lead recycling plant, using complementary chemical acellular tests and toxicological assays, as a function of PM size (PM(10-2.5), PM(2.5-1) and PM(1)) and origin (furnace, refining and channeled emissions). Process PM displayed differences in metal content, granulometry, and percentage of inhalable fraction as a function of their origin. Lead gastric bioaccessibility was relatively low (maximum 25%) versus previous studies; although, because of high total lead concentrations, significant metal quantities were solubilized in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Regardless of origin, the finest PM(1) particles induced the most significant pro-inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, this biological response correlated with pro-oxidant potential assay results, suggesting some biological predictive value for acellular tests. Pulmonary effects from lead-rich PM could be driven by thiol complexation with either lead ions or directly on the particulate surface. Finally, health concern of PM was discussed on the basis of pro-inflammatory effects, accellular test results, and PM size distribution.

Assignment strategies for large proteins by magic-angle spinning NMR: the 21-kDa disulfide-bond-forming enzyme DsbA.

We present strategies for chemical shift assignments of large proteins by magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR, using the 21-kDa disulfide-bond-forming enzyme DsbA as prototype. Previous studies have demonstrated that complete de novo assignments are possible for proteins up to approximately 17 kDa, and partial assignments have been performed for several larger proteins. Here we show that combinations of isotopic labeling strategies, high field correlation spectroscopy, and three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) backbone correlation experiments yield highly confident assignments for more than 90% of backbone resonances in DsbA. Samples were prepared as nanocrystalline precipitates by a dialysis procedure, resulting in heterogeneous linewidths below 0.2 ppm. Thus, high magnetic fields, selective decoupling pulse sequences, and sparse isotopic labeling all improved spectral resolution. Assignments by amino acid type were facilitated by particular combinations of pulse sequences and isotopic labeling; for example, transferred echo double resonance experiments enhanced sensitivity for Pro and Gly residues; [2-(13)C]glycerol labeling clarified Val, Ile, and Leu assignments; in-phase anti-phase correlation spectra enabled interpretation of otherwise crowded Glx/Asx side-chain regions; and 3D NCACX experiments on [2-(13)C]glycerol samples provided unique sets of aromatic (Phe, Tyr, and Trp) correlations. Together with high-sensitivity CANCOCA 4D experiments and CANCOCX 3D experiments, unambiguous backbone walks could be performed throughout the majority of the sequence. At 189 residues, DsbA represents the largest monomeric unit for which essentially complete solid-state NMR assignments have so far been achieved. These results will facilitate studies of nanocrystalline DsbA structure and dynamics and will enable analysis of its 41-kDa covalent complex with the membrane protein DsbB, for which we demonstrate a high-resolution two-dimensional (13)C-(13)C spectrum.

Variscan lamprophyres in the Lower Penninic domain (Central Alps): age and tectonic significance

Lamprophyre dykes have been recently discovered in blocks of gneiss embedded in a calcschist formation of wildflysch type that forms the top of the Mesozoic-Tertiary metasedimentary cover of the Antigorio nappe (the Teggiolo zone) in the Val Bavona (Lower Penninic, NW Ticino, Switzerland). The presence of the lamprophyres gives a clue to the possible source of these blocks. Similar dykes occur in the N part of the Maggia nappe where they are intruded into the Matorello granite and the surrounding gneisses. We studied these lamprophyres at two localities in the Teggiolo zone (Tamierpass and Lago del Zott) and at one locality in the Maggia nappe (Laghetti). Detailed mineralogical and geochemical investigations confirm their great similarity, particularly between the Tamier and Laghetti dykes. They all recrystallized during Alpine metamorphism under amphibolite facies conditions and lost their primary mineral assemblages and textures. The chemistry reveals a calc-alkaline affinity, a limited differentiation range, features of mineral accumulation and intense remobilization in some cases. The lamprophyres are characterized by a high mg# and relatively low contents in REE and other incompatible elements. In situ SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating yielded ages of 284.8 +/- 1.7 Ma (Tamier), 290.0 +/- 1.3 Ma (Zott) and 290.5 +/- 3.7 Ma (Laghetti). These ages are compatible with the general late- to post-Variscan magmatic evolution of the Helvetic and Lower Penninic domains. The lamprophyres are considered as melts derived from the lithospheric Variscan mantle, variously hybridized and differentiated at the contact with crustal material during late- to post-orogenic extension. These lamprophyres are chemically distinct from earlier lamprophyres of Visean age, emplaced together with their associated granites in transcurrent fault zones during the Variscan orogenic compression. The similarity of these different dykes suggests that the front of the Maggia nappe is a likely source of the gneissic blocks embedded in the calcschists at the top of the Teggiolo zone. They would have been provided by the advancing Maggia nappe during its thrusting over the Antigorio nappe and simultaneous closure of the Teggiolo sedimentary basin.

Nouvelle collection des mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de France. 2, Mémoires de messire François Duval, marquis de Fontenay-Mareuil

Comprend : Mémoires concernant les affaires de France sous la régence de Marie de Médicis ; Mémoires du duc de Rohan

A new Neotropical species of spot-thoraxed Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Drosophila pauliceia sp. nov., a spot-thoraxed species closely related to Drosophila boraceia Vilela & Val, 2004, is described from flies collected in an urban remnant of the montane Atlantic Forest located at the Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira", São Paulo city, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The two forest-dwelling species can be externally distinguished mainly by having a different pattern of thoracic spots. A new group of spotted flies (peruensis group) is proposed to include them, in addition to Drosophila peruensis Wheeler, 1959, from Urubamba River, Peru, and Drosophila atalaia Vilela & Sene, 1982, from Brazil and Argentina. To facilitate comparisons, illustrations of the male and female terminalia of the new species and of some unpublished views of those of D. atalaia are included. Additionally, a new group of unspotted species (named caponei group) is proposed to include Drosophila caponei Pavan & Cunha, 1947 and D. neochracea Wheeler, 1959, both previously considered to be related to D. atalaia.

The HSR on chromosome 1 of the house mouse, Mus domesticus: distribution and frequency in Switzerland.

A total of 357 house mice (Mus domesticus) from 83 localities uniformly distributed throughout Switzerland were screened for the presence of a homogenously staining region (HSR) on chromosome 1. Altogether 47 mice from 11 localities were HSR/+ or HSR/HSR. One sample of 11 individuals all had an HSR/HSR karyotype. Almost all mice with the variant were collected from the Rhone valley (HSR frequency: 61%) and Val Bregaglia (HSR frequency: 81%). For samples from most of the area of Switzerland, the HSR was absent. There was no strong association between the geographic distribution of the HSR and the areas of occurrence of metacentrics. However, at Chiggiogna the HSR was found on Rb (1.3). Possible explanations for the HSR polymorphism are discussed.

Projeto de construção de uma indústria de enchidos e produtos cárneos fumados. Caso prático de um projeto a implementar em Cabo Verde

Este projeto de construção de uma indústria de enchidos e produtos cárneos, a situar-se em Cabo verde, retrata o desejo de avançar com uma indústria até então não existente em Cabo Verde. Os enchidos e produtos cárneos são produtos bastante apreciados em Cabo verde. A gastronomia cabo-verdiana recorre vulgarmente a ingredientes desta natureza, nomeadamente, chouriços de sangue e chouriço corrente. Os emulsionados (fiambre da perna, mortadela) são exemplo de produtos bastante consumidos, cuja origem é também externa. Foram realizados inquéritos aos consumidores e aos possíveis distribuidores, com o intuito de conhecer o mercado em questão e saber quais os produtos mais apreciados. Esta empresa se dedicará ao fabrico de fiambre e chouriço pois, dentro da gama de enchidos e produtos cárneos, pela análise dos inquéritos, podemos inferir que 97% da população consome enchidos e produtos cárneos, 92,1% da população consome fiambre e 88,6% consome chouriço. Estes produtos, fiambre e chouriço, são os mais consumidos pela população cabo-verdiana. Por ser um mercado em crescimento, Cabo Verde apresenta-se como uma oportunidade de investimento. Este projeto contribuirá potencialmente para o aumento do emprego em Cabo Verde e irá ainda reduzir a dependência de Cabo Verde face ao exterior. A Salsicharia “Di Nós” (designação fictícia) que se localizará na cidade da Praia, apresenta uma estimativa de capacidade de produção anual de 81211,68 kg de fiambre e de 74425,12 kg de chouriço corrente. Esses dados foram estimados com base na quantidade de produtos importados e com base nos inquéritos realizados. No estudo da viabilidade económica do projeto de construção da Salsicharia “Di Nós”, foram estudados 3 cenários, onde se avaliou qual o cenário mais viável em termos económicos. Constatou-se que, no terceiro cenário ao aumentar a receita, através do aumento do preço de venda do fiambre, ao diminuir os custos com a mão-de-obra retirando dois funcionários (uma empregada de limpeza e o diretor comercial), ao manter o empréstimo bancário de 30%, e importando a carne do Brasil, obteve-se os seguintes indicadores económicos: PRC de 7,8 anos, TIR de 13% e VAL de 308023,0501. A partir do 8º ano começa a existir algum retorno do dinheiro investido, e ainda gera um excedente financeiro, o que torna o projeto a médio prazo economicamente viável. A dissertação esta dividida em 13 capítulos e pretende ser uma base de trabalho para um projeto real a implementar em Cabo Verde. A criação de uma indústria de enchidos e produtos cárneos, atualmente inexistente em Cabo Verde torna-se um desafio pertinente e com enormes possibilidades de seguir em frente.

Mémoire relatif à la carte des vallées d'Aspe, d'Ossau, d'Asson, d'Azun et Barretous, dans les montagnes des Pirennées, depuis Oleron jusques aux vallées de Canfran, et de Biescas frontiere de l'Arragon, visitées, et corrigées par M.rs d'Arnou, et Touros dans le mois de 7.bre 1753

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')

Mémoire sur la position du fort des Bains et fort de la Garde au dessus de Pratz de Mouillou et sur les chemins qui y communique en partant du Boulou ou de l'Ecluse basse au dessous de Bellegarde

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')

La Presència d'una dama al claustre. Estudi i edició del testament i la inscripció funerària d'Elionor de Cabrera

Pot semblar agosarat per part nostra parlar d'Elionor de Cabrera quantants d'altres estudiosos n'han parlat. També som conscients que pot semblarestrany parlar-ne en un monogràfic dedicat a la Catedral de Girona. Ara bé,estrany no ho és, perquè la capella que fundà aquesta dama al claustre s'afegeixals elements arquitectònics i artístics de què es parla en aquests annals i,ben al contrari que agosarat, creiem que val la pena afegir-nos als investigadorsque ens han precedit després de la troballa del testament d'Elionor al fonsde Cabrera i de Bas de l'Arxiu Ducal de la Casa Medinaceli -en concret entreles còpies en microfilm dipositades a l'Arxiu de Poblet-, perquè consideremque pot aportar dades complementàries als estudis anteriors.De fet, aquest estudi concret neix d'una investigació prèvia sobre lesinscripcions del claustre de la catedral; el catàleg que resultà d'aquesta recercapresentava més d'un centenar d'inscripcions, la majoria epitafis, de lesquals menys d'una desena corresponien a sepultures de dones. D'aquests pocstestimonis femenins en destacava un, i destacava sobretot perquè la inscripcióestava inserida en una capella a part, decorada amb relleus, escuts i una escultura;una capella doncs que destaca entre els murs del claustre (Nonó 2003)

Confirmation biochimique du statut spécifique du mulot alpestre Apodemus alpicola Heinrich, 1952 (Mammalia, Rodentia)

Pour vérifier le statut spécifique d'Apodemus alpicola, 48 mulots de 11 localités ont été analysés par électrophorèse de protéines homologues, codés par 27 loci. Les résultats biochimiques confirment la présence de trois espèces de mulots dans la région du Vorarlberg (Autriche), soit A. sylvaticus, A.flavicollis et A. alpicola et certifient ainsi le statut spécifique de la dernière espèce. Les mêmes allozymes discriminants se retrouvent dans une population de mulots du Val d'Aoste, où A. alpicola est également en sympatrie avec les deux espèces. La présence d'A. alpicola en Suisse a été confirmée par l'analyse de spécimens de Bourg St-Bernard (Valais). Les critères de détermination morphologique, établis pour l'Autriche, ne sont que partiellement valables pour les populations occidentales.

Extensions of maps defined on many fibres

Let S be a fibred surface. We prove that the existence of morphisms from non countably many fibres to curves implies, up to base change, the existence of a rational map from S to another surface fibred over the same base reflecting the properties of the original morphisms. Under some conditions of unicity base change is not needed and one recovers exactly the initial maps.

Application of K-feldspar-jadeite-quartz barometry to eclogite facies metagranites and metapelites in the Sesia Lanzo Zone (Western Alps, Italy)

The eclogite facies assemblage K-feldspar-jadeite-quartz in metagranites and metapelites from the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Western Alps, Italy) records the equilibration pressure by dilution of the reaction jadeite + quartz = albite. The metapelites show partial transformation from a pre-Alpine assemblage of garnet (Alm(63)Prp(26)Grs(10))-K-feldspar-plagioclase-biotite +/- sillimanite to the Eo-Alpine high-pressure assemblage garnet (Alm(50)Prp(14)Grs(35))-jadeite (Jd(80-97)Di(0-4)Hd(0-8)Acm(0-7))=zoisite-phengite. Plagioclase is replaced by jadeite-zoisite-kyanite-K-feldspar-quartz and biotite is replaced by garnet-phengite or omphacite-kyanite-phengite. Equilibrium was attained only in local domains in the metapelites and therefore the K-feldspar-jadeite-quartz (KJQ) barometer was applied only to the plagioclase pseudomorphs and K-feldspar domains. The albite content of K-feldspar ranges from 4 to 11 mol% in less equilibrated assemblages from Val Savenca and from 4 to 7 mol% in the partially equilibrated samples from Monte Mucrone and the equilibrated samples from Montestrutto and Tavagnasco. Thermodynamic calculations on the stability of the assemblage K-feldspar-jadeite-quartz using available mixing data for K-feldspar and pyroxene indicate pressures of 15-21 kbar (+/- 1.6-1.9 kbar) at 550 +/- 50 degrees C. This barometer yields direct pressure estimates in high-pressure rocks where pressures are seldom otherwise fixed, although it is sensitive to analytical precision and the choice of thermodynamic mixing model for K-feldspar. Moreover, the KJQ barometer is independent of the ratio P-H2O/P-T. The inferred limiting a(H2O) for the assemblage jadeite-kyanite in the metapelites from Val Savenca is low and varies from 0.2 to 0.6.

Mutational and computational analysis of the alpha(1b)-adrenergic receptor. Involvement of basic and hydrophobic residues in receptor activation and G protein coupling.

To investigate their role in receptor coupling to G(q), we mutated all basic amino acids and some conserved hydrophobic residues of the cytosolic surface of the alpha(1b)-adrenergic receptor (AR). The wild type and mutated receptors were expressed in COS-7 cells and characterized for their ligand binding properties and ability to increase inositol phosphate accumulation. The experimental results have been interpreted in the context of both an ab initio model of the alpha(1b)-AR and of a new homology model built on the recently solved crystal structure of rhodopsin. Among the twenty-three basic amino acids mutated only mutations of three, Arg(254) and Lys(258) in the third intracellular loop and Lys(291) at the cytosolic extension of helix 6, markedly impaired the receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production. Additionally, mutations of two conserved hydrophobic residues, Val(147) and Leu(151) in the second intracellular loop had significant effects on receptor function. The functional analysis of the receptor mutants in conjunction with the predictions of molecular modeling supports the hypothesis that Arg(254), Lys(258), as well as Leu(151) are directly involved in receptor-G protein interaction and/or receptor-mediated activation of the G protein. In contrast, the residues belonging to the cytosolic extensions of helices 3 and 6 play a predominant role in the activation process of the alpha(1b)-AR. These findings contribute to the delineation of the molecular determinants of the alpha(1b)-AR/G(q) interface.

The Soja and Luzzone-Terri nappes: discovery of a Briançonnais element below the front of the Adula nappe (NE Ticino, Central Alps)

The classical Soja nappe, in NE Ticino, actually consists of two distinct tectonic units with verydifferent stratigraphic contents: (1) The smaller one, in the Val Soi (the type-locality), is by definitionthe Soja unit s.str.. It is pinched between Simano and Adula and consists of various Paleozoic gneissesand a dolomitic Triassic cover analogous to the Triassic of other Lower Penninic nappes. (2) The largerone extends along the Lago di Luzzone and continues eastwards through the Piz Terri mountain. Wename it the Luzzone-Terri nappe. It consists of: (a) a paragneiss series that presents striking similaritieswith the Permian of the Zone Houillère in Valais; (b) a Triassic cover typical of the Briançonnaisdomain where one clearly recognizes the St-Triphon Formation and other characteristic units of theBriançonnais Triassic; (c) a thick series of black calcschists and metapelites of Liassic age, similarto the cover of the neighbouring Gotthard massif. This stratigraphic superposition of a Liassic seriesof Helvetic type on a Briançonnais Triassic is unique in the Alps and has important paleogeographicconsequences. It is difficult to reconcile this observation with speculative reconstructions that proposean original position of the Briançonnais domain far from the Helvetic basins. Morover the Briançonnaischaracter of its Triassic series indicates an ultra-Adula origin of the Luzzone-Terri nappe.