Plasma levels of transthyretin and retinol-binding protein in child-a cirrhotic patients in relation to protein-calorie status and plasma amino acids, zinc, vitamin a and plasma thyroid hormones

Transthyretin and retinal-binding protein are sensitive markers of acute protein-calorie malnutrition both for early diagnosis and dietary evaluation. A preliminary study showed that retinal-binding protein is the most sensitive marker of protein-calorie malnutrition in cirrhotic patients, even those with the mild form of the disease (Child A). However, in addition to being affected by protein-calorie malnutrition, the levels of these short half-life-liver-produced proteins are also influenced by other factors of a nutritional (zinc, tryptophan, vitamin A, etc) and non-nutritional (sex, aging, hormones, renal and liver functions and inflammatory activity) nature. These interactions were investigated in 11 adult male patients (49.9 ± 9.2 years of age) with alcoholic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh grade A) and with normal renal function. Both transthyretin and retinol binding protein were reduced below normal levels in 55% of the patients, in close agreement with their plasma levels of retinal. In 67% of the patients (4/6), the reduced levels of transthyretin and retinal-binding protein were caused by altered liver function and in 50% (3/6) they were caused by protein-calorie malnutrition. Thus, the present data, taken as a whole, indicate that reduced transthyretin and retinal-binding protein levels in mild cirrhosis of the liver are mainly due to liver failure and/or vitamin A status rather than representing an isolated protein-calorie malnutrition indicator.

Influence of lower cutoff values for 100-g oral glucose tolerance test and glycemic profile for identification of pregnant women at excessive fetal growth risk

Objective: To evaluate data from patients with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and a normal or impaired glycemic profile (GP) to determine whether lower cutoff values for the OGTT and GP (alone or combined) could identify pregnant women at risk for excessive fetal growth. Methods: We classified 701 pregnant women with positive screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) into 2 categories - (1) normal 100-g OGTT and normal GP and (2) normal 100-g OGTT and impaired GP - to evaluate the influence of lower cutoff points in a 100-g OGTT and GP (alone or in combination) for identification of pregnant women at excessive fetal growth risk. The OGTT is considered impaired if 2 or more values are above the normal range, and the GP is impaired if the fasting glucose level or at least 1 postprandial glucose value is above the normal range. To establish the criteria for the OGTT (for fasting and 1, 2, and 3 hours after an oral glucose load, respectively), we considered the mean (75 mg/dL, 120 mg/dL, 113 mg/dL, and 97 mg/dL), mean plus 1 SD (85 mg/dL, 151 mg/dL, 133 mg/dL, and 118 mg/dL), and mean plus 2 SD (95 mg/dL, 182 mg/dL, 153 mg/dL, and 139 mg/dL); and for the GP, we considered the mean and mean plus 1 SD (78 mg/dL and 92 mg/dL for fasting glucose levels and 90 mg/dL and 130 mg/dL for 1- or 2-hour postprandial glucose levels, respectively). Results: Subsequently, the women were reclassified according to the new cutoff points for both tests (OGTT and GP). Consideration of values, in isolation or combination, yielded 6 new diagnostic criteria. Excessive fetal growth was the response variable for analysis of the new cutoff points. Odds ratios and their respective confidence intervals were estimated, as were the sensitivity and specificity related to diagnosis of excessive fetal growth for each criterion. The new cutoff points for the tests, when used independently rather than collectively, did not help to predict excessive fetal growth in the presence of mild hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Decreasing the cutoff point for the 100-g OGTT (for fasting and 1, 2, and 3 hours) to the mean (75 mg/dL, 120 mg/dL, 113 mg/dL, and 97 mg/dL) in association with the GP (mean or mean plus 1 SD-78 mg/dL and 92 mg/dL for the fasting state and 90 mg/dL and 130 mg/dL for 1- or 2-hour postprandial values-increased the sensitivity and specificity, and both criteria had statistically significant predictive power for detection of excessive fetal growth. © 2008 AACE.

Expression of the nonclassical HLA-G and HLA-E molecules in laryngeal lesions as biomarkers of tumor invasiveness

Introduction: HLA-G and HLA-E are two nonclassical class I molecules, which have been well recognized as modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the expression of these molecules in virus infected cells has been associated with subversion of the immune response. Objective: In this study we performed a cross-sectional study, systematically comparing the expression of HLA-G and HLA-E in benign, premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions, correlating with demographic and clinical variables and with the presence of high-risk and low-risk HPV types. Materials and methods: Laryngeal lesions were collected from 109 patients and stratified into 27 laryngeal papillomas, 17 dysplasias, 10 in situ laryngeal carcinomas, 27 laryngeal carcinomas without metastases, 28 laryngeal carcinomas with metastasis along with their respective draining cervical lymph nodes, and 10 normal larynx specimens. The expression of HLA-G and HLA-E molecules was determined by immunohistochemistry. HPV DNA detection and typing was performed using generic and specific primers. Results: HLA nonclassical molecules showed a distinct distribution pattern, according to the larynx lesion grade. HLA-G expression increased in benign and premalignant lesions, and gradually decreased in invasive carcinomas and in respective draining cervical lymph nodes. Conversely, HLA-E expression increased as far as lesion grade increased, including increased molecule expression in the draining lymph nodes of malignant lesions. Only 17 (15.6%) patients were HPV DNA positive. Conclusions: Overexpression of HLA-E and underexpression of HLAG appear to be good markers for malignant larynx lesion.

Investigação de marcadores protéicos do carcinoma oral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A configuração do habitus professoral para o aluno-mestre: a escola normal secundária de São Carlos (1911-1929)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Foreign direct investment and welfare

Includes bibliography.

Towards universal social protection: Latin American pathways and policy tools

This book reflects on the public policies, programmes and regulatory frameworks that are taking a rights-based approach to expanding social protection coverage and benefits in Latin America, with a view to achieving universal coverage. The book’s discussion of the policy tools and programmes pursued in the region aims to provide the reader with technical and programmatic insights for assembling and coordinating public policies within consistent and sustainable social protection systems. The combination of normative orientations and stock of technical knowledge, together with advances regarding the rights-based approach to social protection within a life cycle framework, afford the reader not only a tool box of specific social protection instruments, but also an in-depth examination of related political economy aspects.

Pseudonegligência, dominância manual e habilidades motoras em alunos das artes em comparação com alunos de outros cursos

Uma linha de pesquisa freqüente sobre a lateralização cerebral em artistas tem investigado o comportamento daqueles que sofrem de diversos síndromes neuropatológicas, afetando o hemisfério esquerdo ou direito. Em contraste, Bertrand (2001), observando que alguns poucos estudos reportaram um aumento na prevalência de canhotismo e ambidestrismo entre artistas, indicou a necessidade para a realização de pesquisas sistemáticas sobre as características laterais em artistas normais. Na ausência de tais estudos, e devido à dificuldade de obter dados de artistas profissionais, este projeto foi planejado com o fim de investigar em detalhe, assimetrias laterais na dominância manual, habilidade motora e atenção visuoespacial em alunos das artes e os de outros cursos (o grupo de controle). Estes alunos foram recrutados do Departamento de Artes da Universidade Federal de Maranhão e de um centro público de arte em São Luis. A amostra foi composta de 50 alunos de controle (24 destros e 26 canhotos), e 51 alunos das artes (27 destros e 24 canhotos). Dados foram obtidos para dominância manual, ocular e podálica, e para o desempenho em duas medidas de proficiência motora: batidas digitais e o Teste de Pinos na Forma de Chaves (o Grooved Pegboard). Além disso, uma versão do Teste Visual de Bisecçionar Linhas (TVBL) foi aplicado com o objetivo de comparar o grau de pseudonegligência dentro e entre alunos das artes e os de controle. Procurou-se averiguar se em relação aos alunos de controle, aqueles das artes mostrariam um grau reduzido de assimetria intermanual na dominância manual e nas habilidades motoras, bem como um nível maior de exatidão no TVBL. No que tange a presença de tais diferenças na performance, nossas predições foram apoiadas. Os alunos das artes, em particular, os canhotos, foram menos consistentes e mais ambidestros do que os alunos dos outros cursos. Eles também exibiram um nível menor de desempenho entre as mãos nos dois testes motores. Além do mais, enquanto que o grau de pseudonegligência foi elevado nos alunos de controle, as respostas dos alunos das artes foram mais exatas, resultando em um nível reduzido de erro em torno do ponto zero verídico. Em concordância com pesquisas prévias com músicos, em geral, os alunos das artes apresentaram um nível de atenção visuoespacial mais equilibrado, e estas diferenças foram relacionadas às exigências cognitivas implícitas no treino nas artes visuais.

Methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 promoter genes in individuals with gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the forth most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic alteration, occurring through a methyl radical addition to the cytosine base adjacent to guanine. Many tumor genes are inactivated by DNA methylation in gastric cancer. We evaluated the DNA methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 by methylation-specific PCR in 20 diffuse- and 26 intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 20 normal gastric mucosa in individuals from Northern Brazil. All gastric cancer samples were advanced stage adenocarcinomas. Gastric samples were surgically obtained at the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, State of Pará, and were stored at -80°C before DNA extraction. Patients had never been submitted to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, nor did they have any other diagnosed cancer. None of the gastric cancer samples presented methylated DNA sequences for ANAPC1 and TP53. CDKN2A methylation was not detected in any normal gastric mucosa; however, the CDKN2A promoter was methylated in 30.4% of gastric cancer samples, with 35% methylation in diffuse-type and 26.9% in intestinal-type cancers. CDKN2A methylation was associated with the carcinogenesis process for ~30% diffuse-type and intestinal-type compared to non-neoplastic samples. Thus, ANAPC1 and TP53 methylation was probably not implicated in gastric carcinogenesis in our samples. CDKN2A can be implicated in the carcinogenesis process of only a subset of gastric neoplasias.

Tectonics and paleogeography of the Marajó Basin, northern Brazil

ABSTRACT: The Marajó Basin area presents geologic and geomorphologic features chiefly due to the Mesozoic extension and post-Miocene neotectonics. The extension event with an Early and a Late Cretaceous phases originated four sub-basins that constitutes the Marajó Basin, with a thick continental clastic sequence showing marine influence. NW and NNW normal faults and NE and ENE strike-slip faults controlled the basin geometry. The extension, related to the Equatorial Atlantic opening, propagated into the continent along crustal weakness zones of the Precambrian Tumucumaque, Amapá and Araguaia orogenic belts. The neotectonic event is a strike-slip regime which developed transtensional basins filled in by Upper Tertiary shallow marine (Pirabas Formation) and transitional sequences (Barreiras Group), followed by Quaternary fluvial deposits and transitional sequences derived from the Amazon and Tocantins rivers and the Marajoara estuary. The current landscape has a typical estuarine morphology. The coast morphology presents sea-cliffs on transitional Upper Tertiary sequences, while inwards dominate hills sustained by Mid-Pleistocene lateritic crust, with a flat erosive surface at 70 m. In the eastern Marajó Island several generations of paleochannels associated with fluvial-estuarine sequences are recognized, while a fluvial-marine plain is widespread on its western side.

Avaliação dos reservatórios do Campo de Ubarana-RN, com baixas resistividades

Desenvolveu-se neste trabalho um novo modelo de avaliação quantitativa para arenitos argilosos, baseado na bibliografia e no estudo da disposição dos argilominerais dentro dos poros das rochas reservatório. Este novo modelo leva em consideração a contribuição de duas condutividades extras, além da condutividade eletrolítica das rochas: uma se deve à contribuição efetiva da condutância superficial dos argilominerais, aumentada ou diminuida em função da capacidade de troca catiônica dos mesmos, e outra independente e em paralelo, devido a condutância que se desenvolve em uma rede microporosa contínua formada por argilominerais sobre o arcabouço das rochas. Para o estudo da validade da equação proposta, foram feitos vários gráficos comparativos entre as equações e/ou modelos existentes n” bibliografia especializada, deles resultando ótimas correlações, principalmente com a tradicional equação de Waxman & Smits. Foi feita uma comparação do novo modelo em três seções distintas do Campo de Ubarana, Rio Grande do Norte, duas com baixas resistividades supostamente com hidrocarbonetos e uma outra efetivamente produtora. Verificou-se que as baixas resistividades resultam do fato das seções estudadas serem subsaturadas, com menos de 50% de óleo e aproximadamente igual ou maior proporção de água relativamente salgada (85.000 ppm de NaCl equivalente). Esta mesma água, sem dúvida, muito contribui para as baixas resistividades, por formar a fase eletricamente condutiva das referidas seções. Sendo a equação de Waxman & Smits mundialmente reconhecida, pode-se afirmar que a equação proposta neste trabalho tem consistência teórica e prática e para o caso particular do campo de Ubarana, mostrou-se mais coerente com o histórico de produção dos poços estudados, do que as demais equações existentes e testadas.

Aplicabilidade do diagrama de Andrade como método auxiliar no diagnóstico e planejamento ortodôntico, no estudo comparativo de indivíduos de oclusão normal e má oclusão de classe I de Angle

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perceptual and acoustic parameters of vocal nodules in children

Vocal nodules constitute the major cause of dysphonia during childhood. Auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal analyses have been used to differentiate vocal nodules from normal voice in children.Purpose: To study the value of auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal analyses in assessments of children with nodules.Design: Diagnostic test study.Patients and interventions: A comparative study was carried out including 100 children with videolaryngoscopic diagnosis of vocal nodules (nodule group-NG); and 100 children without vocal symptoms and with normal videolaryngoscopic exams (control group-CG). The age range of both groups was between 4 and 11 years. All children underwent auditory-perceptual vocal analyses (GRBASI scale); maximum phonation time and s/z ratio were calculated, and acoustic vocal analysis (MDVP software) were carried out.Results: There was no difference in the values of maximum phonation time and s/z ratio between groups. Auditory-perceptual analysis indicated greater compromising of voice parameters for NG, compared to CG: G (79 versus 24), R (53 versus 3), B (67 versus 23) and S (35 versus 1). The values of acoustic parameters jitter, PPQ shimmer, APQ, NHR and SPI were higher for NG for CG. The parameter f0 did not differ between groups.Conclusion: Compromising of auditory-perceptual (G, R, B and S) and acoustic vocal parameters (jitter, PPQ shimmer, APQ, NHR and SPI) was greater for children with nodules than for those of the control group, which makes them important methods for assessing child dysphonia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

HPLC-DAD based method for the quantification of flavonoids in the hydroethanolic extract of Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. (Eriocaulaceae) and their radical scavenging activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação sensorial de adolescentes com desenvolvimento normal na faixa etária de 11 a 18 anos

Tactile sensibility allows for adequate neuropsychomotor development. In addition, it enables the understanding of the subject’s own body, actions and explorations of objects, people and the environment. Previous studies have evaluated 3 to 10 year-old children. Herein, we evaluate the tactile sensibility in adolescents. The aim of this study was to verify whether the rapid growth of the body changes the normal pattern of tactile sensibility in adolescents. Furthermore, we provide evaluation material that is easy to use, simple, and secure to handle, designed to attend the specific age range studied. Thirty-two young participants between 11 and 18 years old, sixteen males and sixteen females, were evaluated. The adolescents go to public school and present normal development patterns. Graphesthesia, stereognosia, and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament tests were performed to evaluate the sensibility on the ventral and dorsal sides of the right and left hands. A questionnaire was used to identify the relevant activities performed with the hands during the studied period. The adolescents tested were collaborative during the research and presented curiosity regarding the boxes used in the experiment. Results indicated alterations in the tactile sensibility on the dorsal side of the hands from 13-year- old males. The major activities indicated by the adolescents were writing and sports for males and writing and cleaning for females. First evidences of possible changes in the normal tactile sensibility during adolescence were observed in this study.