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Resumo:
The focus of this dissertation is the relationship between the necessity for protection and the construction of cultural identities. In particular, by cultural identities I mean the representation and construction of communities: national communities, religious communities or local communities. By protection I mean the need for individuals and groups to be reassured about dangers and risks. From an anthropological point of view, the relationship between the need for protection and the formation and construction of collective identities is driven by the defensive function of culture. This was recognized explicitly by Claude Lévi-Strauss and Jurij Lotman. To explore the “protective hypothesis,” it was especially useful to compare the immunitarian paradigm, proposed by Roberto Esposito, with a semiotic approach to the problem. According to Esposito, immunity traces borders, dividing Community from what should be kept outside: the enemies, dangers and chaos, and, in general, whatever is perceived to be a threat to collective and individual life. I recognized two dimensions in the concept of immunity. The first is the logic dimension: every element of a system makes sense because of the network of differential relations in which it is inscribed; the second dimension is the social praxis of division and definition of who. We are (or what is inside the border), and who They are (or what is, and must be kept, outside the border). I tested my hypothesis by analyzing two subject areas in particular: first, the security practices in London after 9/11 and 7/7; and, second, the Spiritual Guide of 9/11 suicide bombers. In both cases, one observes the construction of two entities: We and They. The difference between the two cases is their “model of the world”: in the London case, one finds the political paradigms of security as Sovereignty, Governamentality and Biopolitics. In the Spiritual Guide, one observes a religious model of the Community of God confronting the Community of Evil. From a semiotic point view, the problem is the origin of respective values, the origin of respective moral universes, and the construction of authority. In both cases, I found that emotional dynamics are crucial in the process of forming collective identities and in the process of motivating the involved subjects: specifically, the role of fear and terror is the primary factor, and represents the principal focus of my research.
Resumo:
La ricerca analizza, con gli strumenti della semiotica della cultura, il rito islamico del sacrificio in occasione di Aid al Adha. Il lavoro dunque esplora un oggetto tradizionalmente più vicino all’interesse etnografico e antropologico. Di tale sapere si rende conto nel Capitolo 1 dedicato interamente a una puntualizzazione dei maggiori studi antropologici elaborati sul sacrificio. Tali riflessioni sono anche l’occasione per problematizzare il dialogo tra semiotica e antropologia, in particolare in riferimento alla costruzione del corpus e alla applicabilità della categoria di “testo” a oggetti e pratiche sociali così complesse. Dopo una descrizione (Capitolo 2) delle caratteristiche del sacrificio islamico, nella seconda parte del lavoro si passa alla vera e propria analisi semiotica del rito in contesto di immigrazione (Capitolo 3), soffermandosi su alcune dimensioni significative per la semiotica: attori (Capitolo 4) e organizzazione spaziale (Capitolo 5).
Resumo:
Si analizza il modello di Fister-Panetta per la crescita di cellule tumorali nella fase avascolare del tumore e si propone un percorso didattico di introduzione alla modellistica matematica in una quinta liceo. Si riporta poi una riflessione sulle motivazioni per cui l'introduzione degli aspetti modellistici e applicativi della matematica è importante anche nella scuola superiore.