Nota sobre la teoría del discurso

El presente texto es una respuesta al texto inédito de Althusser hoy conocido como "Tres notas sobre la teoría de los discursos". Este texto ha sido publicado póstumamente como "Trois notes sur la théorie des discours" en Écrits sur la psychanalyse. Freud et Lacan, textos reunidos y presentados por Oliver Corpet y François Matheron, Paris, Stock/IMEC, 1993. Hay edición castellana como: Escritos sobre psicoanálisis. Freud y Lacan, México, Siglo XXI, 2010, trad. de Eliana Cazenave-Tapie. El texto de Althusser fue redactado para su discusión en un "grupo de trabajo teórico" conformado además por Balibar, Pierre Macherey, Alain Badiou, e Yves Duroux. La metodología de trabajo consistía en entregar notas de investigación sobre un objeto teórico determinado, que los otros integrantes se comprometían a comentar por escrito. Para más datos sobre las circunstancias en las que fue producido remitimos a los lectores a la nota introductoria de dicho texto de François Matheron, pp. 99-103 de la edición castellana

Materialismo, ideología y juegos de lenguaje

La discusión sobre las consecuencias políticas del pensamiento de L. Wittgenstein ha girado sobre la posibilidad de construir miradas críticas sobre lo social, su legitimidad, amplitud, fuerza, etc. Sin embargo, aproximar a Wittgenstein a una posición materialista, como la entendía L. Althusser, conduce a una comprensión diferente de la crítica, vinculada a la tarea de deconstruir el discurso filosófico que intenta unificar y organizar jerárquicamente las evidencias (certezas) constitutivas de los diferentes juegos de lenguaje en los que se despliega lo social. Se intenta extraer de esta aproximación una distinción entre la filosofía como práctica teórica ideológica y como práctica teórica crítica

Nota sobre la teoría del discurso

El presente texto es una respuesta al texto inédito de Althusser hoy conocido como "Tres notas sobre la teoría de los discursos". Este texto ha sido publicado póstumamente como "Trois notes sur la théorie des discours" en Écrits sur la psychanalyse. Freud et Lacan, textos reunidos y presentados por Oliver Corpet y François Matheron, Paris, Stock/IMEC, 1993. Hay edición castellana como: Escritos sobre psicoanálisis. Freud y Lacan, México, Siglo XXI, 2010, trad. de Eliana Cazenave-Tapie. El texto de Althusser fue redactado para su discusión en un "grupo de trabajo teórico" conformado además por Balibar, Pierre Macherey, Alain Badiou, e Yves Duroux. La metodología de trabajo consistía en entregar notas de investigación sobre un objeto teórico determinado, que los otros integrantes se comprometían a comentar por escrito. Para más datos sobre las circunstancias en las que fue producido remitimos a los lectores a la nota introductoria de dicho texto de François Matheron, pp. 99-103 de la edición castellana

Materialismo, ideología y juegos de lenguaje

La discusión sobre las consecuencias políticas del pensamiento de L. Wittgenstein ha girado sobre la posibilidad de construir miradas críticas sobre lo social, su legitimidad, amplitud, fuerza, etc. Sin embargo, aproximar a Wittgenstein a una posición materialista, como la entendía L. Althusser, conduce a una comprensión diferente de la crítica, vinculada a la tarea de deconstruir el discurso filosófico que intenta unificar y organizar jerárquicamente las evidencias (certezas) constitutivas de los diferentes juegos de lenguaje en los que se despliega lo social. Se intenta extraer de esta aproximación una distinción entre la filosofía como práctica teórica ideológica y como práctica teórica crítica

Colonialism, political unconscious and cognitive mapping in the space of the film "Captain Phillips"

The purpose of this article has been made through a Marxist analysis of the US film "Captain Phillips" (PaulGreengrass, 2013), based on a true story. I have found how the evolution of capitalism in the West continuesto consolidate the belief reified in a historical and geographical superiority of the political and socioeconomicwestern models regarding Africa and Asia lowers models. At the same time, through categories like dialecticalmaterialism, criticism of diffusionist theory and application of cognitive mapping to large geopoliticalspaces located in most poor areas of the world, I have realized a remark about currently being articulatingthe political unconscious of working class in rich countries and the poor in poor countries, establishing arelationship between the ideological representation that takes an individual from his historical reality (ona scale that moves from local to global), and how he has developed a mental ability to escape of the responsibilityto make a critical review of what's happening around him in all areas. Finally, through physicalspace captured in the film, I have realized a materialist critique of globalized business process that takesplace through the carriage of goods, outlining spatial and cognitively limits of the mentality of our time, bothamong "winners"as among the "losers", based on the spatial movement of capital.

Rethinking Care Through Social Reproduction: Articulating Circuits of Migration

Care has come to dominate much feminist research on globalized migrations and the transfer of labor from the South to the North, while the older concept of reproduction had been pushed into the background but is now becoming the subject of debates on the commodification of care in the household and changes in welfare state policies. This article argues that we could achieve a better understanding of the different modalities and trajectories of care in the reproduction of individuals, families, and communities, both of migrant and nonmigrant populations by articulating the diverse circuits of migration, in particular that of labor and the family. In doing this, I go back to the earlier North American writing on racialized minorities and migrants and stratified social reproduction. I also explore insights from current Asian studies of gendered circuits of migration connecting labor and marriage migrations as well as the notion of global householding that highlights the gender politics of social reproduction operating within and beyond households in institutional and welfare architectures. In contrast to Asia, there has relatively been little exploration in European studies of the articulation of labor and family migrations through the lens of social reproduction. However, connecting the different types of migration enables us to achieve a more complex understanding of care trajectories and their contribution to social reproduction.

Metaphysics of love in the religious philosophy of Pável Florensky

This article focuses on the analysis of the concept of love in the religious philosophy of Pavel Florensky, who shares the ontological approach to the consideration of love with other representatives of Russian religious philosophy (N. berdyaev and S. bulgakov). We pay more careful attention to the understanding of love-άγαπαν by Florensky. We have drawn the conclusion that, in the philosophy of P. Florensky, Love, closely connected with truth and beauty, is considered an ontological basis existence of personality. We develop the ideas of Pavel Florensky, and accordingly assume that it is possible to synthesise love-agape and love-eros around the idea of sacrificial love. Agapelogical and erotical ‘bezels’ of one jewel of love is aspects of united love, which is given by God. this gift of God, the gift of united love, is kept by humans through prayer and deeds of love.

A philosophy in action: Carl Einstein and Die Fabrikation der Fiktionen

Carl Einstein is a not very well known figure within German culture, but his essay Die Fabrikation der Fiktionen remains ignored even among scholars of his work despite containing highly valuable clues to understand the intersection between philosophy and politics that characterizes much of the European thought of the twentieth century. Given this situation, after an initial part where the author’s personality and his latest ideas and actions are taken in account, the article makes a thorough review of Die Fabrikation der Fiktionen by doing firstly a comparison of the different interpretations that it has received until now, and continues by carrying out a new reading of its main ideas –the conflict between Realität and Wirklichkeit or the very concept of Fiktion– and an exercise of contrast between the essay and certain works by contemporary thinkers like Siegfried Kracauer and Paul Nizan.

The Relationship between Materialistic Aspirations and Distinct Aspects of Psychological Well-being in a UK sample

The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how materialistic aspirations are related to distinct aspects of psychological well-being. Research has consistently found a negative relationship between materialistic goals and well-being, but a review of the literature identified that the measures of well- being used in the majority of studies were measures of what Keyes (2002) describes as “subjective well-being” or “hedonic happiness”. Criticisms of these types of measures are that they fixate too much on the momentary experience of pleasure and don’t take into account what is meaningful and or what contributes to long lasting fulfilment. Very little research was found investigating the impact of materialism on “eudaimonic” well-being, which is found through doing what is worthwhile and realising ones potential and has been found to have a longer lasting impact on overall well-being (Huta & Ryan, 2010). To address this gap in the literature, a convenience sample of 113 adult subjects in the UK were recruited through Facebook and asked to respond to the Aspiration Index and the Psychological wellbeing scale. The relative importance placed on extrinsic (materialistic) and intrinsic aspirations was compared to the six dimensions of psychological well-being. In line with previous research, higher importance placed on materialistic aspirations for wealth, status and image were found to be negatively correlated with all aspects of psychological well-being. However, the strongest and only statistically significant negative correlation was between extrinsic aspirations and positive relations with others (r = -.256, p< 0.01). Positive relationships with other people form a central component of many theories of well- being and so this negative relationship may help to explain why materialistic aspirations are so consistently found to be negatively correlated to a variety of measures of well-being. Further research is needed to explore this relationship as no causation could be inferred.

Educação ambiental no curso de técnico de edificações - ifsul campus Pelotas : desafios e possibilidades da educação emancipatória nos cursos técnicos

O presente trabalho de dissertação de mestrado visa a descortinar as contradições que estão presentes nas representações de docentes e discentes da disciplina de práticas construtivas do Curso Técnico de Edificações, do Instituto Federal Sul-Rio-Grandese (IFSul), campus Pelotas, em suas relações sócioeducativas, encontrando nesse desvelamento alternativas para o desenvolvimento destas atividades práticas de forma a contribuir na sustentabilidade do curso, e por conseguinte na sustentabilidade das relações entre homens, natureza e meio ambiente. A partir dessas representações sociais e contradições, esse trabalho possibilitou, através de um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa dialética, de posse das categorias do Materialismo Dialético e Histórico e da economia política, uma compreensão dialética de como o modo de produção capitalista interfere nas ações em geral, inclusive nas relações de educação. A opção por esse assunto foi principalmente devido a constatações próprias, como professor de práticas construtivas, da necessidade de continuidade das atividades práticas no curso, mas de uma maneira mais coerente com as leis da natureza, por um processo educativo emancipador de educadores e educandos, socializando os saberes libertadores da educação ambiental. O estudo mostrou-se coerente e revelador materializando-se em possibilidades, projetos e ações imediatas de transformações dentro do curso de maneira a interferir nas relações de todos entre si e com a natureza, com uma forma possível de utilizar as matériasprimas necessárias sem o desperdício, com o máximo de aproveitamento e reciclagem, com a possibilidade de levar essas aulas práticas para fora dos muros da escola, em atividades necessárias para entidades assistenciais, minimizando a geração de resíduos sólidos a serem descartados na natureza, contribuindo dessa maneira com o perfeito relacionamento homem-homem, homem-natureza, na busca da sustentabilidade e na conservação da vida no Planeta.

Vulnerabilidad de las consumidoras adolescentes: un estudio en un entorno virtual

El principal objetivo de este estudio fue investigar lo que produce la vulnerabilidad de las consumidoras adolescentes en un ambiente virtual. Se eligió un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando como método la investigación documental. Los datos fueron recolectados en el entorno virtual de la Revista Capricho, específicamente en las secciones de Moda y Belleza entre enero de 2013 y junio de 2014. Los resultados de la investigación identificaron como factores agravantes de la vulnerabilidad de las consumidoras adolescentes: el género; autoconcepto; condición socioeconómica; la falta de conocimiento y la poca experiencia en el consumo; motivación; el estigma y la discriminación; las normas de la subcultura adolescente; el exceso de información; y el uso excesivo de internet. Las características de vulnerabilidad más relevantes fueron: no tienen confianza en términos de autoimagen; materialismo; inseguridad; perdida de bienestar; incapacidad de resistir a las presiones de grupo; estado de confusión y vicio en internet

Extensão universitária e associativismo popular : um estudo a partir da educação ambiental crítica

Partimos do pressuposto que a universidade pública é um bem do povo e deve servir aos interesses da sociedade, sobretudo aos interesses daqueles cuja vida é ameaçada mediante as condições desiguais sob as quais a sociedade capitalista se funda. Entendemos que a extensão universitária é uma atividade da universidade e deve, como ensino e pesquisa, ser reconhecida como produtora de conhecimentos e não por trabalhos assistenciais, como se caracteriza, na realidade concreta, a extensão universitária analisada nesta dissertação. Com base nisso, o trabalho que se segue discorre sobre a relação de dependência das associações populares, ligadas ao movimento da economia popular solidária à extensão da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, especificamente aquela realizada pelo Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Social e Econômico – NUDESE-FURG, da região de Rio GrandeRS. O objetivo do trabalho foi conhecer a relação entre o núcleo e as associações, problematizando-a com base em alguns princípios da Educação Ambiental Crítica (diálogo, totalidade, relação teoria/prática e participação social). O referencial que sustenta o trabalho articula autores da sociologia do trabalho, economia da educação, ecologia política, geografia crítica, todos, de alguma forma, ligados ao materialismo histórico como perspectiva de análise. O trabalho se caracteriza como um estudo de caso, onde os principais recursos perpassaram pela análise de documentos e, fundamentalmente, as entrevistas gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, pelas quais nosso estudo se baseia. A análise do material foi feita a partir dos pressupostos da análise crítica do discurso, a qual busca entrelaçar os pronunciamentos dos sujeitos com a totalidade social na qual o discurso está inscrito, possibilitando o alcance do significado concreto. O estudo demonstra que a extensão universitária desenvolvida pelo NUDESE-FURG tem características assistencialistas, cuja consequência prática é a realização de atividades para os trabalhadores associados (principalmente elaboração e gestão de projetos), impedindo que as associações desenvolvam suas ações sem depender do núcleo. Além disso, ao assumir recursos financeiros oriundos de projetos (via editais), as associações apenas transferem para o Estado a condição de dependência do intermediário, o que não extingue o problema, mas reafirma-o. Por isso, entendemos que a Educação Ambiental Crítica oferece, por meio dos princípios que utilizamos, um instrumento crítico importante ao estudo de processos e políticas que buscam a emancipação dos sujeitos. Isso porque, também, ao reconhecer a crise socioambiental que vivemos, fruto do modo de produção capitalista, dos conflitos existentes na sociedade (portanto dos diferentes interesses, concepções e valores em disputa), pela apropriação da riqueza produzida, podem-se possibilitar conhecimentos úteis dos trabalhadores das associações. Para que isso aconteça, defendemos o encontro da extensão universitária do NUDESE-FURG com a Educação Ambiental Crítica, caso a emancipação, de fato, esteja no horizonte das práticas deste núcleo, já que pelo estudo, nesta pesquisa, predomina dependência de tais grupos do NUDESE-FURG.

Nietzsche's orphans: music and the search for unity in revolutionary Russia, 1905-1921

At the dawn of the twentieth century, Imperial Russia was in the throes of immense social, political and cultural upheaval. The effects of rapid industrialization, rising capitalism and urbanization, as well as the trauma wrought by revolution and war, reverberated through all levels of society and every cultural sphere. In the aftermath of the 1905 revolution, amid a growing sense of panic over the chaos and divisions emerging in modern life, a portion of Russian educated society (obshchestvennost’) looked to the transformative and unifying power of music as a means of salvation from the personal, social and intellectual divisions of the contemporary world. Transcending professional divisions, these “orphans of Nietzsche” comprised a distinct aesthetic group within educated Russian society. While lacking a common political, religious or national outlook, these philosophers, poets, musicians and other educated members of the upper and middle strata were bound together by their shared image of music’s unifying power, itself built upon a synthesis of Russian and European ideas. They yearned for a “musical Orpheus,” a composer capable of restoring wholeness to society through his music. My dissertation is a study in what I call “musical metaphysics,” an examination of the creation, development, crisis and ultimate failure of this Orphic worldview. To begin, I examine the institutional foundations of musical life in late Imperial Russia, as well as the explosion of cultural life in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution, a vibrant social context which nourished the formation of musical metaphysics. From here, I assess the intellectual basis upon which musical metaphysics rested: central concepts (music, life-transformation, theurgy, unity, genius, nation), as well as the philosophical heritage of Nietzsche and the Christian thinkers Vladimir Solov’ev, Aleksei Khomiakov, Ivan Kireevskii and Lev Tolstoi. Nietzsche’s orphans’ struggle to reconcile an amoral view of reality with a deeply felt sense of religious purpose gave rise to neo-Slavophile interpretations of history, in which the Russian nation (narod) was singled out as the savior of humanity from the materialism of modern life. This nationalizing tendency existed uneasily within the framework of the multi-ethnic empire. From broad social and cultural trends, I turn to detailed analysis of three of Moscow’s most admired contemporary composers, whose individual creative voices intersected with broader social concerns. The music of Aleksandr Scriabin (1871-1915) was associated with images of universal historical progress. Nikolai Medtner (1879-1951) embodied an “Imperial” worldview, in which musical style was imbued with an eternal significance which transcended the divisions of nation. The compositions of Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873-1943) were seen as the expression of a Russian “national” voice. Heightened nationalist sentiment and the impact of the Great War spelled the doom of this musical worldview. Music became an increasingly nationalized sphere within which earlier, Imperial definitions of belonging grew ever more problematic. As the Germanic heritage upon which their vision was partially based came under attack, Nietzsche’s orphans found themselves ever more divided and alienated from society as a whole. Music’s inability to physically transform the world ultimately came to symbolize the failure of Russia’s educated strata to effectively deal with the pressures of a modernizing society. In the aftermath of the 1917 revolutions, music was transformed from a symbol of active, unifying power into a space of memory, a means of commemorating, reinterpreting, and idealizing the lost world of Imperial Russia itself.

As concepções e práticas avaliativas em matemática de um grupo de professores do 5º ano do ensino fundamental e suas relações com a prova Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2015.

Interpreting Poland

The paper aims to interpret the political situation in Poland after 2015 double elections in terms of non-Marxian historical materialism. According to presented interpretation the taking power by Law and Justice Party not only limits the scope of influence of the previous ruling party but can lead to significant redistribution of political power, economic profits and intellectual influence. In the last part of paper, the prognosis about future development of situation in Poland is proposed