Towards intelligent aquaculture. Development of an early Biological Warning System to monitor exposure to contaminants and fish welfare: from artificial vision to systems modelling

161 p.

La pena de prisión y sus alternativas

[ES] el objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar las características generales de la actual realidad penitenciaria en cuanto a la pena de prisión y las penas alternativas. Se analiza la pena de prisión desde una perspectiva crítica dando a conocer las limitaciones que presenta la prisión en cuanto a los derechos de las personas presas y haciendo una descripción sobre los principales efectos negativos que genera sobre estas personas. Desde la consolidación del Código Penal de 1995 hasta la última reforma penal de 2015 se ha dado un incremento constante de la dureza de las penas, aumentando la duración de la pena de prisión y su cumplimiento dentro de la prisión. Consecuentemente, se reduce la aplicación de las penas alternativas a la prisión, contrariando así el principio constitucional descrito en el artículo 25.2 orientado a la resocialización del penado y el principio de intervención mínima o ultima ratio del Derecho Penal.

Influência das espécies ativas na absorção de intersticiais durante a carbonitretação a plasma do TI

Physical-chemical properties of Ti are sensible to the presence of interstitial elements. In the case of thermochemical treatments plasma assisted, the influence of different active species is not still understood. In order to contribute for such knowledge, this work purposes a study of the role played by the active species atmosphere into the Ar N2 CH4 carbonitriding plasma. It was carried out a plasma diagnostic by OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) in the z Ar y N2 x CH4 plasma mixture, in which z, y and x indexes represent gas flow variable from 0 to 4 sccm (cm3/min). The diagnostic presents abrupt variations of emission intensities associated to the species in determined conditions. Therefore, they were selected in order to carry out the chemical treatment and then to investigate their influences. Commercial pure Ti disks were submitted to plasma carbonitriding process using pre-established conditions from the OES measurements while some parameters such as pressure and temperature were maintained constant. The concentration profiles of interstitial elements (C and N atoms) were determined by Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) resulting in a depth profile plots. The reactions used were 15N(ρ,αγ)12C and 12C(α,α)12C. GIXRD (Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction) analysis was used in order to identify the presence of phases on the surface. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used in order to qualitatively study the carbon into the TiCxN1 structure. It has been verified which the density species effectively influences more the diffusion of particles into the Ti lattice and characteristics of the layer formed than the gas concentration. High intensity of N2 + (391,4 nm) and CH (387,1 nm) species promotes more diffusion of C and N. It was observed that Hα (656,3 nm) species acts like a catalyzer allowing a deeper diffusion of nitrogen and carbon into the titanium lattice.

2012ko erreformaren ondorengo barne malgutasun neurrien efikazia kaleratzeko kolektiboen aurrean, kontsulta epetik abiatuz

2012ko otsailean onartutako Lan Erreformak, 3/2012 Errege Dekretu bidez sortua eta urte bereko uztailean berretsia 3/2012 Legearekin, helburu nagusi bezala, lege beraren arrazoien azalpenak dion bezala, lan-harremanetan gestio efikaz bat izan dadin lagunduko duen esparru argi bat ezartzea izan du, eta lanpostuak sortzeko erraztasunak jarri, beti ere, enpleguaren egonkortasuna bermatuz. Erreforma, indarrean sartu zenetik, kritika ugari jaso izan ditu, garai zail batean sartu zen arren, neurri aproposenak ez zirela pentsatzen zuten jende ugari azaldu zen. Nahiko adierazgarria da, prentsan ikusi dezakegun moduan, ia partidu politiko guztiek aldatu nahi dutela lan erreforma hau, krisia gainditzeko erabat desegokitzat joz. Beraz, nahiko gai gatazkatsu baten barrena sartuko gara, zeinak alde guztietako iritziak dituen, ahalik eta objektiboen izaten saiatuko garelarik.

Farmazeutikoaren kontzientzia-eragozpena

2015eko ekainaren 25ean, Konstituzio Auzitegiak (KA aurrerantzean) farmazeutiko baten kontzientzia-eragozpenari buruzko lehenengo epaia eman zuen. Epai gatazkatsua izan zen. Izan ere, jurisprudentzia konstituzionalak ez zuen farmazeutikoaren kontzientzia-eragozpena aztertu lehenago. Bestetik, batzuen ustez, KAri aukera ematen zion kontzientzia-eragozpenari buruz zenbait argibide emateko. Hala ere, epai honen garrantzia ez zetorren bi arrazoi horiengatik bakarrik, egon ziren desadostasunengatik baizik. Izan ere, hori adierazten dute epaiari egindako hiru boto partikularrek.

Euskaldunak komunikabideen aurrean: iritzien, ohituren eta jarreren azterketa kualitatibo eta kuantitatiboa

706 p.

Larratzeari uztearen eragina mendiko larre atlantikoen funtzionamenduan eta landare-dibertsitatean

166 p.(eng);120 p.(eus)

Aplicación del sistema kaizen y su incidencia en la sostenibilidad económica de los despachos, que prestan servicios de contabilidad y auditoría.

La presente investigación se enmarca en los antecedentes del Sistema Kaizen, es decir desde el nacimiento y desarrollo de dicho sistema. A medida que se tiene conocimiento del Sistema, sus objetivos, funcionamiento, ventajas y desventajas y los beneficios que la aplicación del Sistema otorga a las empresas que lo ponen en práctica en su lugar de trabajo, se determinó que a los Despachos Contables y de Auditoria, también es factible ponerlo en práctica, ya que carecen de metodología de mejora continua, la cual traerá beneficios a la carga laboral y a la responsabilidad que sobre la profesión contable recae. Dentro de la investigación bibliográfica, se abordó los principios teóricos del Sistema, el cual literalmente Kaizen quiere decir Kai = Cambio y Zen = Mejora en todo sentido, asimismo el principio básico del Sistema es la mejora continua, la cual se obtendrá por medio de aspectos tales como: reducción de costos mediante la disminución de errores y tiempo ocioso, mejora de la estructura de los procesos, entre otros. Con base a los principios teóricos se prosiguió a la investigación de campo, la cual permitió conocer las necesidades y las dificultades que hoy en día presentan los Despachos Contables. Del mismo modo los resultados vertidos por las encuestas, permitió analizar el entorno de los lugares de trabajo de cada despacho, y el posible escenario en donde puede ponerse en práctica el Sistema Kaizen. Otro aspecto relevante de la investigación consistió en desarrollar la metodología del Sistema Kaizen, con base a los resultados obtenidos de las encuestas. Dicho sistema se desarrolla por medio de un Manual de Procedimientos aplicando los principios básicos del Sistema Kaizen, y llevando a cabo las etapas del Sistema como lo son la Planeación, Realización, Ejecución y Acción. La primera etapa, Planeación, establece la forma en que se introducirá el Sistema Kaizen en el personal, así como el diseño de herramientas de control; y técnicas que pueden ser empleadas que ayudan a determinar fallas en los procedimientos y que al llevarlas a cabo se obtiene información importante que contribuye a la mejora continua de los aspectos evaluados. En la segunda etapa de realización, se ponen en práctica las herramientas de control diseñadas en la etapa anterior, así cómo se desarrollan los procedimientos establecidos en los diferentes servicios que el despacho proporciona. La tercera etapa, Evaluación, constituye un aspecto medular en el Sistema Kaizen ya que al estudiar y analizar los datos recopilados por las herramientas, se pueden determinar las fallas, tanto de diseño de procedimientos, como de desarrollo de los mismos. La cuarta etapa, Actuar, es la más importante, debido a que las decisiones que se tomen y las medidas que se pongan en práctica, serán las determinantes para efectuar la mejora continua dentro del Despacho. Finalmente, la puesta en marcha de la propuesta, tiene como objetivo primordial, permitir a los despachos que decidan poner en práctica el Sistema Kaizen, gozar de los beneficios que el sistema otorga, en todas las áreas de la empresa, desde las relaciones con el personal, hasta la forma de llevar a cabo los procedimientos, y que dichos despachos, puedan en un momento determinado diseñar su propia metodología Kaizen, conforme a su estructura y a metas.

The Buddhist Coleridge: Creating Space for The Rime of the Ancient Mariner within Buddhist Romantic Studies

The popularization of academic spaces that combine Buddhist philosophy with the literature of the Romantic period – a discipline I refer to as Buddhist Romantic Studies – have exposed the lack of scholarly attention Samuel Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner have received within such studies. Validating Coleridge’s right to exist within Buddhist Romantic spheres, my thesis argues that Coleridge was cognizant of Buddhism through historical and textual encounters. To create a space for The Rime within Buddhist Romantic Studies, my thesis provides an interpretation of the poem that centers on the concept of prajna, or wisdom, as a vital tool for cultivating the mind. Focusing on prajna, I argue that the Mariner’s didactic story traces his cognitive voyage from ignorance to enlightenment. By examining The Rime within the framework of Buddhism, readers will also be able to grasp the importance of cultivating the mind and transcending ignorance.

Form, Intention, and Indexing: The Liminal and Integrated Conceptions of Work in Knowledge Organization

This paper proposes a dual conception of work in knowledge organization. The first part is a conception of work as liminal, set apart from everyday work. The second is integrated, without separation. This talk is the beginning of a larger project where we will characterize work in knowledge organization, both as it is set out in our literature (Šauperl, 2004; Hjørland 2003 Wilson, 1968), and in a philosophical argument for its fundamental importance in the activities of society (Shera, 1972; Zandonade, 2004).But in order to do this, we will co-opt the conception of liminality from the anthropology of religion (Turner, 1967), and Zen Buddhist conceptions of moral action, intention, and integration (Harvey, 2000 and cf., Harada, S., 2008).The goal for this talk is to identify the acts repeated (form) and the purpose of those acts (intention), in knowledge organization, with specific regard to thresholds (liminal points) of intention present in those acts.We can then ask the questions: Where is intention in knowledge organization liminal and where is it integrated? What are the limits of knowledge organization work when considered at a foundational level of the intention labor practices? Answering such questions, in this context, allows us to reconsider the assumptions we have about knowledge organization work and its increasingly important role in society. As a consequence, we can consider the limits of classification research if we see the foundations of knowledge organization work when we see forms and intentions. I must also say that incorporating Zen Buddhist philosophy into knowledge organization research seems like it fits well with ethics and ethical responses the practice of knowledge organization. This is because 20th Century Western interpretations of Zen are often rooted in ethical considerations. This translates easily to work.

Aproximaciones a mindfulness en la psicología contemporánea

Este trabajo es una revisión de literatura que abarca una selección de artículos disponibles en bases de datos especializadas y publicados en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2006 a 2016 para artículos científicos y entre los años 2000 a 2016 para libros. En total se revisaron: 1 tesis doctoral, 1 tesis magistral, 111 artículos y 9 libros o capítulos de libros. Se presentan diversas definiciones de mindfulness y formas de conceptualizarla, sus mecanismos de acción, sus enfoques psicoterapéuticos predominantes, los efectos de su práctica estable, sus principales campos de acción y la importancia de la formación de los docentes que imparten la práctica. Finalmente se presentan algunas conclusiones acerca del diálogo entre la literatura psicológica sobre mindfulness y algunas de las concepciones de la tradición budista en torno a la meditación.

A baseline projection of methane emissions by the Brazilian beef sector: preliminary results .

2007

An in-vitro 3-D cell culture model for studying pathomechanisms in AMD

Purpose To develop a novel 3-D cell culture model with the view to studying the pathomechanisms underlying the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Our central hypothesis is that the silk structural protein fibroin used in conjunction with cultured human cells can be used to mimic the structural relationships between the RPE and choriocapillaris in health and disease. Methods Co-cultures of human RPE cells (ARPE-19 cells grown in Miller’s medium) and microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cells grown in endothelial culture medium) were established on opposing sides of a synthetic Bruch’s membrane (3 microns thick) constructed from B mori silk fibroin. Cell attachment was facilitated by pre-coating the fibroin membrane with vitronectin (for ARPE-19 cells) and gelatin (for HMEC-1 cells) respectively. The effects of tropoelastin on attachment of ARPE-19 cells was also examined. Barrier function was examined by measurement of trans-epithelial resistance (TER) using a voltohmmeter (EVOM-2). The phagocytic activity of the synthetic RPE was tested using vitronectin-coated microspheres (2 micron diameter FluoSpheres). In some cultures, membrane defects were created by puncturing within a 24 G needle. The architecture of the synthetic tissue before and after wounding was examined by confocal microscopy after staining for ZO-1 and F-actin. Results The RPE layer of the 3D model developed a cobblestoned morphology (validated by staining for ZO-1 and F-actin), displayed barrier function (validated by measurement of TER) and demonstrated cytoplasmic uptake of vitronectin-coated microspheres. Attachment of ARPE-19 cells to fibroin was unaffected by tropoelastin. Microvascular endothelial cells attached well to the gelatin-coated surface of the fibroin membrane and remained physically separated from the overlaying RPE layer. The fibroin membranes were amenable to puncturing without collapse thus providing the opportunity to study transmembrane migration of the endothelial cells. Conclusions Synthetic Bruch’s membranes constructed from silk fibroin, vitronectin and gelatin, support the co-cultivation of RPE cells and microvascular endothelial cells. The resulting RPE layer displays functions similar to that of native RPE and the entire tri-layered structure displays potential to be used as an in vitro model of choroidal neovascularization.

The cultivation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells on Bombyx mori silk fibroin

We have presently evaluated membranes prepared from Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF), for their potential use as a prosthetic Bruch’s membrane and carrier substrate for human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell transplantation. Porous BMSF membranes measuring 3 μm in thickness were prepared from aqueous solutions (3% w/v) containing poly(ethylene oxide) (0.09%). The permeability coefficient for membranes was between 3 and 9 × 10-5 cm/s by using Allura red or 70 kDa FITC-dextran respectively. Average pore size (± sd) was 4.9 ± 2.3 µm and 2.9 ± 1.5 µm for upper and lower membrane surfaces respectively. Optimal attachment of ARPE-19 cells to BMSF membrane was achieved by pre-coating with vitronectin (1 µg/mL). ARPE-19 cultures maintained in low serum on BMSF membranes for approximately 8 weeks, developed a cobble-stoned morphology accompanied by a cortical distribution of F-actin and ZO-1. Similar results were obtained using primary cultures of human RPE cells, but cultures took noticeably longer to establish on BMSF compared with tissue culture plastic. These findings encourage further studies of BMSF as a substrate for RPE cell transplantation.

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO- 1, vimentin, keratin and β1 and β4 integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in an in vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in the in vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best with in vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D(CO), the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.