Informe de la reunión de expertos sobre vínculos entre proveedores de servicios locales y las cadenas globales de valor (México, D.F., 13 de marzo de 2014)

1. La conferencia sobre “Vínculos entre proveedores de servicios locales y las cadenas globales de valor” se enmarcó en la Reunión titulada “Internacionalización e innovación de servicios: nuevas fuentes del desarrollo productivo en América Latina”, organizada por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), el Colegio de México (COLMEX), el Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF), el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OECD), la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD) y el World Trade Institute (WTI). 2. Los servicios desempeñan un papel predominante en las estructuras económicas de América Latina, que se expresa por su gran peso económico (más del 50% del PIB) y por la generación de empleo (más de la mitad del total), junto con una proporción creciente en el comercio internacional, sobre todo cuando este último se mide por valor agregado. Los servicios, lejos de constituirse como un sector autónomo con respecto al industrial, deben su crecimiento a la progresiva racionalización iniciada durante los años ochenta en la cadena de producción manufacturera. En la actualidad, la competitividad de los países, vinculada con su capacidad para atraer o conservar en su territorio parte del valor generado en el sistema mundial, depende del grado de escalamiento del sector servicios en la cadena de valor global. 3. El papel que tienen los servicios genera una serie de retos y oportunidades para el diseño de políticas públicas y para los estudios académicos, principalmente en lo relacionado con: el desempeño de la productividad en los servicios; la participación en cadenas globales de valor y en su escalamiento; el impacto de los marcos regulatorios en el desarrollo del sector; su vinculación con los procesos de innovación, y la calidad de los empleos generados. El objetivo de esta reunión fue dar respuesta a algunos de estos planteamientos y promover el diálogo entre investigadores y diseñadores de política pública. En seguida, se incluye la información sobre la organización, la dinámica y las conclusiones de la reunión.

The international asparagus business in Peru

Includes bibliography.

Conhecimentos tradicionais, propriedade intelectual e política externa brasileira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Criador e criatura: os Estados Unidos e a Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O regime global da propriedade intelectual e a questão do desenvolvimento: o poder dos países em desenvolvimento no campo multilateral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA): an assessment of issues relating to market access, safeguards and implications for regional integration

The recent collapse of the Doha round once again underscores the tenuous nature of international trade negotiations. Likewise, the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the CARIFORUM grouping and the European Union (EU) has generated a great deal of discussion and debate over the past several months. What has clearly emerged is the existence of two diametrically opposed views on the impact and usefulness of the agreement. One view has it that the EPA is a major breakthrough in trade relations that will greatly benefit the region. On the other hand, some see it as being detrimental to the region and perhaps a total capitulation to the EU on the part of the CARIFORUM. They assert that it is part of a global EU strategy to impose World Trade Organization (WTO) policies on developing nations and get around the Doha obstacles. Both sides in this debate attempt to back up their views with reference to the text of the agreement. The objective of this review is to shed some light on the issues driving this debate particularly in the areas of market access, the impact on tariff revenues, and the implications for regional integration. This review also attempts to clarify and distill some of the main contentious issues regarding the EPA and to inform further discussion regarding an implementation plan. The approach is based on detailed study of the EPA text and its annexes plus extensive interviews with some of the main negotiators on the CARIFORUM side. Interviews were conducted both in person and via the Internet as many of the regional negotiators live or work outside of the region. The reviewer also attended presentations and discussions with some of the leading regional critics of the agreement.

Review of CARIFORUM-EU EPA in development cooperation and WTO compatability

The Cotonou Agreement which succeeded the Lomé IV Agreement and was signed in Cotonou in June 2000 established a comprehensive framework to govern social, economic and political relations between the Africa, Caribbean, Pacific (ACP) grouping and the European Union (EU). At the centre of the partnership are objectives relating to economic development, the reduction and eventual eradication of poverty, and the smooth and gradual integration of ACP States into the world economy. In order to accomplish these objectives, the Cotonou Agreement provides for the conclusion between the ACP and the EU of “new World Trade Organization (WTO) compatible trading arrangements, removing progressively barriers to trade between them and enhancing cooperation in all areas relevant to trade” (Article 36.1). The conclusion of economic partnership agreements (EPAs) represented one way to achieve a WTO compatible instrument and had to be negotiated during the period starting from September 2002 until 31 December 2007 to replace the trade provisions of the Cotonou Agreement. After three and half years of negotiations, CARIFORUM and the European Commission (EC) finally concluded a comprehensive EPA with the EC on 16 December 2007 when an Agreement was initialed. The EPA Parties agreed to sign it later after a review of the provisions at both the national and regional levels. In CARIFORUM, various comments have been made from governments, Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector and the labour movement about the strengths and weaknesses of the EPA. This review comes in this context and is confined to the development cooperation provisions and the question of WTO compatibility and consistency with the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations and existing WTO provisions on special and differential treatment.