Formando lotes uniformes de reprodutores múltiplos e usando-os em acasalamentos dirigidos, em populações Nelore

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de Diferentes Diluídores na Fertilidade de Éguas de Diferentes Haras Inseminadas com Sêmen Diluído, Resfriado e Transportado em Conteiner Especial

The effects of extender and farms on the fertility of sixty-five Mangalarga Marchador breed mares were studied. The mares were randomly assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment, with two breeding farms (H1 and H2) and two extenders (glycine-egg yolk-T1 and lactose-egg yolk modified-T2), from only one stallion, with different number of replicates. The mares were inseminated, on alternated days, with diluted, cooled, transported semen, in a special container (MSP-2). There were no differences in the conception rate at first cycle, regardless of the breeding farm or extender used. Also. there was no difference among breeding farm or extender concerning the conception rate/cycle and the following reproductive characteristics: number of cycles/pregnancy, number of inseminations/mare, inseminations/pregnant mare, inseminations/open mare, water temperature in the container, temperature of semen in the container, time between collection and insemination and efficiency of pregnancy. The use of lactose-egg yolk modified extender for the dilution, cooling and transport of stallion semen between farms is recommended. The new container MSP-2 showed to be a option for the transportation between farms, for the same purpose.

Resposta do abacaxizeiro 'Vitória' a doses de nitrogênio em solos de tabuleiros costeiros da Paraíba

Informations about fertilization and mineral nutrition of the new fusariosis-resistant pineapple cultivars are still scarce, despite the importance of this crop. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of N on fruit yield and quality of the pineapple cultivar 'Vitoria' grown on a 'Humiluvico Espodossolo' in the region of Tabuleiros Costeiros, in the state of Paraiba. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, using five N doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 600 kg ha(-1)N, as urea) applied 60, 180 and 270 days after planting (dap) with three replications. The following variables were evaluated: length and fresh matter of the 'D' leaf; contents of N, P and K in the portions with and without chlorophyll, 300 and 420 dap; average weight, yield, physical properties (fruit weight, length and medium diameter; crown weight and length) and chemical properties (pH, soluble solids -SS, titrable acidity - AT, and the SS/AT ratio) of the fruits at harvest. Increasing N doses linearly increased length and fresh matter of the 'D' leaf and N content and decrease both P and K contents of the chlorophyll portion 300 dap, but did not affect nutrient contents 420 dap; in the chlorophyll-free portion. Increasing N doses, also, led to an increase in K contents 320 dap, but to reductions 420 dap. Individual fruit weight and total yield increased with increasing N doses, as maximum values of 1.0 kg and 37.9 t ha(-1) were estimated at doses of 409.0 and 439.0 kg ha(-1) N, respectively. The N doses did not affect the fruit quality properties, which were compatible with the characteristics described for this cultivar.

Mudança de concepção das políticas públicas para o campo brasileiro: o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, PAA

In the 90, the public politics for the Brazilian rural way incorporated the territorial perspective, besides they motivate the participation and the beneficiaries collective organization. In 2003 the Food Acquisition Program (FAP) was created with the intention of guaranteeing the feeding of people in social vulnerability situation or alimentary insecurity and of providing work and income in the field through the direct buying of the agriculturists foods. In a research made in two São Paulo State's towns: Tupi Paulista and Dracena, it was verified that the price paid to the farmers is higher to the regional average and because of this fact the participants have interest in enlarging the cultivated area and/or in diversifying the cultivations. Though, two problems were detected: 1) the reduced number of beneficiated producers; and, ii) the furtherance of the producers relatives already registered that try to increase their quota of products and the value to be received.

O programa de saúde bucal para crianças pré-escolares em Araraquara-SP-O desempenho em 1988.

This paper reports the composition change of the dmf-teeth index, outcome from dental health program for the 3 to 6 year old pre-school children population, enrolled in kindergartens in Araraquara-SP, in 1988. The program performance promotes a major contribution of the f component to the dmf-teeth index.

Programa de controle de surto de escorpião Tityus serrulatus, Lutz e Mello 1922, no município de Aparecida, SP (Scorpiones, Buthidae).

A scorpion control program was proposed for the town of Aparecida (SP), an endemic region of Tityus serrulatus. Clusters of scorpions in urban and rural areas, environmental degradation of the town's outskirts and new scorpion procreation and dispersal habitats were studied. In addition, infrastructure problems such as the disposal and collection of residential and municipal refuse, sanitation (sewage and storm sewer), condition of vacant lots and constructions in the urban area were evaluated. After an epidemiological study, educational measures such as the distribution of pamphlets, cleaning group work, visits to residences and cooperation from High School teachers and students were also suggested. Chemical control was indicated in high-risk sites, especially those of near-school buildings. Furthermore, the use of natural predators was also mentioned within the present sanitation regulations for urban areas. The authors assert that these procedures must be integrated and continued uninterruptedly for several years. They also suggest a collaborative work with those responsible for the dengue eradication program, as well as the institution of the scorpion study week, which would greatly contribute to the education of the population, to preventive programs and to scorpion control.

Tectonic setting and U/Pb zircon dating of the plutonic Socorro Complex in the Transpressive Rio Paraíba do Sul Shear Belt, SE Brazil

The Precambrian Rio Paraíba do Sul Shear Belt comprises a 200-km-wide anastomosing network of NE-SW trending ductile shear zones extending over 1000 km of the southeastern coast of Brazil. Granulitic, gneissic-migmatitic, and granitoid terrains as well as low- to medium-grade metavolcanosedimentary sequences are included within it. These rocks were affected by strong contractional, tangential tectonics, due to west-northwestward oblique convergence of continental blocks. Subsequent transpressional tectonics accomodated large dextral, orogen-parallel movements and shortening. The plutonic Socorro Complex is one of many deformed granites with a foliation subparallel to that of the shear belt and exposes crosscutting relationships between its tectonic, magmatic, and metamorphic structures. These relationships point to a continuous magmatic evolution related to regional thrusts and strike slip, ductile shear zones. The tectonic and magmatic structural features of the Serra do Lopo Granite provide a model of emplacement by sheeting along shear zones during coeval strike-slip and cross shortening of country rocks. Geochronological data indicate that the main igneous activity of Socorro Complex spanned at least 55 million years, from the late stage of the northwestward ductile thrusting (650 Ma), through right-lateral strike slip (595 Ma) deformation. The country rocks yield discordant age data, which reflect a strong imprint of the Transamazonian tectono-metamorphic event (1.9 to 2.0 Ma). We propose a model for the origin of calcalkaline granites of the Ribeira Belt by partial melting of the lower crust with small contributions of the lithospheric mantle during transpressional thickening of plate margins, which were bounded by deep shear zones. The transpressional regime also seems to have focused granite migration from deeper into higher crustal levels along these shear zones.

Tumores da glandula tireoide. Estudo retrospectivo de 130 casos com enfase especial em biopsia aspirativa, biopsia de congelacao e exame histopatologico

The authors studied retrospectively 130 patients with thyroid tumors comparing the histopathologic diagnoses with fine needle aspirate (FNA) and frozen section results. FNA was performed in 118 patients with the following results: 75 (63.6%) benign, 21 (17.8%) malignant and 22 (18.6%) not conclusives. In seven cases false-negative result was obtained and there were six false-positive. These data reveals some drawbacks of this procedure. These results indicated that frozen as well as FNA are useful diagnostic procedure in helping to choose the most appropriate therapy in patients with thyroid tumors. On the other hand, traditional methods seems to be also important methods, such as scintilography, in the evaluation of thyroid diseases.

Um programa de saúde mental: A experiência do Projeto UNI de Botucatu

The aim of this paper was to assess the Projeto UNI (Kellogg Foundation) in one of the Mental Health Centers (ARE) of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. We analysed 20% of the charts and the number of patients seen by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals before and after. Our results showed that: 1) the service users were mainly of neurotic patients (anxious, dysthymiacs, ICD-9 V code), followed by psychotics (schizophrenics, affectives) and organics (epileptics, mental deficients, demented patients); 2) there were more treatment options after the Projeto UNI implementation and over 2,495 group consultations were made in one year (as opposed to 90 in the year prior the project); 3) medical and nurse students are evaluating the program favourably; 4) there is a clear necessity of reassessing and changing some prescription practices: 43% of the patients were taking drug associations, there was an excessive use of benzodiazepines (54%) and low use of mood stabilizers (5%). There is also a need for more availability of depot neuroleptics, other antidepressants and better quality psychotropic drugs, and 5) there is a necessity of improving quality and quantity of charts information.

Modelagem gravimétrica da Bacia de Taubaté-vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul, leste do estado de São Paulo

This paper presents the gravity survey refinement of the Paraíba do Sul river valley, east region of São Paulo state, by acquisition of 646 gravity stations. Further than the traditional Free-Air and Bouguer corrections, it was necessary to apply the Terrain Correction due the proximity of the Mantiqueira and Mar mountain ranges. An enhanced understanding of Taubaté Basin structural framework was the main objetive of this work. As result, we present the Bouguer Gravity Map of the east region of São Paulo State and the Residual Bouguer Gravity Map generated by Upward Continuation and High-pass filtering. The 2D Gravity Modeling was applied in 4 sections, using bi-dimensional models for the bodies that produced the anomalies (Talwani Method). After integrating the gravity data with the interpretation of 11 seismic sections, it was possible to delineate the Taubate Basin structural framework, which shows an utmost sedimentary thickness of 800 m in the depocenters. It was also interpreted an ultramaphic alkaline plug in the subsurface of Caçapava city.

Demodicose bovina no estado da Paraíba

Cases of bovine demodicosis caused by Demodex bovis were reported in a Sindhi herd from December 1989 to January 1992. Both localized and generalized forms were diagnosed. This is the first report of the generalized form in Brazil. In the first two years, demodicosis was diagnosed only in cattle < 2 years old, whereas animals of all ages were positive in the last two years. Prevalence varied from 20.4% (11/54) to 53.1% (26/49) and 13.2% (12/91) to 14.8% (9/61) for cattle < 2 years old and > 2 years old, respectively. Clinical signs varied from a few small nodules to a thickened skin with soft large nodules in the localized and generalized forms, respectively. Main microscopic features of the nodules in the generalized form consisted of acanthosis with hyperqueratosis, chronic sebaceous adenitis, subcutaneous muscular necrosis, focal cellular degeneration of the epidermis basal layer and presence of large number of mites inside the lumen of dilated hair follicles. In addition, a chronic perifoliculitis was observed, characterized by lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate which also contained macrophages and neutrophils. It is suggested that poor nutrition and stress due to prolonged drought probably contributed to the increase of susceptibility of the herd to mite infestation.

Desempenho de escolares com distúrbio específico de leitura em programa de remediação.

BACKGROUND: Specific reading disability is caused by disruptions in the language abilities. AIM: To characterize the neurological, cognitive and phonological performances of scholars with specific reading disabilities pre and post a remediation program. METHOD: Group I consisted of ten scholars with specific reading disability who did not undergo the remediation program. Group II consisted of ten scholars with specific reading disabilities who took part in the proposed program. Neurological, psychological and phonological evaluations were made, as well as a test of scholastic performance and of reading and writing before and after the program. RESULTS: The scholars who underwent the remediation program demonstrated improvements in their neurological and cognitive performances and also in the processing of phonological information. CONCLUSION: Favoring of the emergence of phonological and syntactic awareness after the remediation program.

Spatial distribution of characidiin fishes (Teleostei, Crenuchidae) in the Ribeirão Grande system, a tributary of Paraíba do Sul river basin, Brazil

This study analyses the spatial distribution of characidiin fishes Characidium lauroi and Characidium alipioi (Crenuchidae) in a forest stream system located in southeastern Brazil. Fish were sampled from Jury 2001 to April 2002. Collections were made with an electro-fishing device in five stream reaches of the Ribeirão Grande system. Conductivity, pH, water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured at each site. The species have different distributions in Ribeirão Grande system. Characidium lauroi is abundant in montane-piedmont zones and Characidium alipioi occurs mainly in piedmont-plain zones. Streams' different features contribute to these species' distribution in the system.

Efetividade de um programa de exercícios no condicionamento físico, perfil metabólico e pressão arterial de pacientes hipertensos

Background and objective: It has been shown that aerobic exercise is useful to reduce arterial pressure, however, the effectiveness of an exercise program is still controversial and not very well analyzed among populations with low-income. The objective of the present study was to set up an individualized physical fitness program - Projeto Hipertensão - focused on hypertensive people, patients from a Health Basic Unit (HBU) and, after that, to investigate the effects of this program on physical fitness, metabolic profile and pressure levels. Methods: Sixteen hypertensive women (56 ± 3yrs) under regular pharmacological treatment underwent 4 months of a supervised aerobic and stretching exercise program (3 sessions/wk, 90 min/session, 60% of V̇O 2 max). Several physical and metabolic variables were compared before and after 4 months of training. Results: Training significantly reduced systolic arterial pressure (SAP, -6%), improved cardio-respiratory fitness (+42% of V̇O2max), flexibility (+11%) and plasma glucose content (-4%). BMI and % fat did not change. Besides modifying metabolic profile, it was found that training presented significant correlations between individual initial values of cholesterol total level (CT), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and its responses after exercise. Conclusions: The study shows that exercise programs can be personalized for hypertensive patients from a HBU and confirms the effectiveness of exercise on AP, physical fitness, flexibility and lipid profile on hypertensive patients. The expressive reduction of AP in hypertensive subjects suggests that this exercise intervention should be emphasized on other health centers which assist low-income population.

Os efeitos de um programa de atividade física de carga progressiva nas propriedades físicas e na força óssea de ratas osteopênicas

Background: Many studies have shown that physical exercises are able to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, constituting a therapeutic modality to treat bone loss due to osteoporosis. However, some points about the intensity, duration and frequency of the exercises remain confusing and contradictory. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a progressive loading exercise program on femur of osteopenic rats. To induce osteopenia we used the animal model of ovariectomy (OVX). Forty animals was studied and divided into 4 groups: sham-operated sedentary (SS); ovariectomy-sedentary (OS); sham-operated training (ST) and ovariectomy training (OT). The trained groups performed jumps into water: 4 series of 10 jumps each, with an overload of 50% to 80% of the animal's body weight, during 8 weeks. Femora were submitted to a physical properties evaluation, a biomechanical test, calcium and phosphorus content measurement and a morphometric histological evaluation. Results: osteopenic animals showed a decrease of bone strength and lower values of bone weights, bone density and calcium content. The exercised osteopenic rats showed higher values of geometrical, physical properties, bone strength and calcium content compared to controls. The results of the present study indicate that the progressive loading exercise program had stimulatory effects on femora of osteopenic rats. It seems that the intensity and duration of the protocol used produced bone structural adaptations, which contributed to reverse bone loss due to ovariectomy.