Avaliação da aprendizagem em língua inglesa no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas do município de Castanhal (PA)

O presente estudo investiga as práticas avaliativas em inglês como Língua Estrangeira para Crianças (LEC) no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas no município de Castanhal, PA. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar quais as orientações contidas nos documentos oficiais municipais no que diz respeito ao ensino e à avaliação em LEC, descrever as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas pelos docentes nesse contexto, analisar a integração dessas práticas com os objetivos de ensino e aprendizagem de LEC e indicar pistas que possam, teórica e metodologicamente, tornar essas práticas mais eficazes. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter documental, na qual foram analisados os documentos oficiais que norteiam o ensino e a avaliação em LEC no município, 220 relatórios de desenvolvimento, que são o instrumento de avaliação preconizado para esse nível da escolaridade, além de entrevistas e questionários com 14 docentes que atuam nesse contexto. O referencial teórico sustenta-se nas contribuições de Cameron (2001), Strecht-Ribeiro (2005) e Scott e Ytreberg (1990) sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de LEC, bem como na discussão de alguns aspectos da avaliação da aprendizagem (HADJI, 1994; 2007; BONNIOL e VIAL, 2001; FERNANDES, 2009; PERRENOUD, 1999) e da avaliação da aprendizagem em LEC (MCKAY, 2006; IOANNOU-GEORGIOU, 2011; SHAABAN, 2001). Para a análise dos dados obtidos, foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo (ROSA, 2013). Os resultados da análise indicam uma ausência de coerência entre as práticas avaliativas e os objetivos e princípios do ensino de LEC. Os dados revelam ainda a falta de formação para ensinar, avaliar e elaborar programas de LEC, aliada a uma já conhecida tendência em se priorizar aspectos estruturais no ensino de línguas estrangeiras, em detrimento de atividades comunicativas. Por fim, este trabalho mostra a necessidade de promover outras pesquisas que investiguem as práticas avaliativas em LEC e, da urgência em se definir diretrizes oficiais nacionais para o ensino e avaliação que levem em consideração as características e necessidades das crianças nesse contexto.

Morfometria de compartimentos hidrológicos e qualidade hídrica do município de Batatais-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Análise espacial do conteúdo de água da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pardo

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial, por geoestatística, da produção de água gerada pelo modelo hidrológico matemático SWAT 2009 (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, versão 2009), da parte inicial da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pardo – SP. Foi utilizado um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) associado a uma interface com o modelo SWAT para a confecção do banco de dados. Para isto, as informações de entrada necessárias para avaliar a produção de lâmina de água (mm), que infiltrou e armazenou em cada sub-bacia gerada pelo SWAT, referem-se a dados tabulares climáticos e de parâmetros físicos e químicos de solo e a planos de informações como: o Modelo Numérico do Terreno (MNT), Mapa de Uso do Solo e Mapa de Solos. A amostragem geoestatística foi representada por uma malha irregular georreferenciada com 43 pontos localizados na parte central de cada sub-bacia representando a quantidade de água produzida. A análise geoestatística foi realizada pela construção dos variogramas e posteriormente a confecção dos mapas interpolados por krigagem. Do resultado obtido observou-se que a produção de água apresentou dependência espacial e que esta ocorreu de forma homogênea, tanto para os maiores como para os menores valores de produção de água encontrados na bacia.

Metodologia para avaliação do nível de usabilidade de bibliotecas digitais: um estudo na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde

The aim of this paper was to discuss aspects of applying a methodology to evaluate usability in digital libraries. A methodology that deals with the systematization of a usability assessment tool for digital libraries was used. The aim was to investigate the level of usability of the Virtual Health Library, applying a method that measures effectiveness, efficiency and users' satisfaction when using the digital library. Methodologically, it is characterized as a formal test of usability. This test consisted of a list of ten tasks to be performed while using the website of the Virtual Health Library and the Likert scale was used to assess users' satisfaction. A quantitative approach based on descriptive statistics was adopted to analyze the results. The test was applied between December 5 and December 21, 2011, at the computer lab of the Health Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba. The results of the usability test enabled us to measure the level of usability of the Virtual Health Library, which is considered to provide a high level of usability.

Gross Motor Deficits in Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol: A Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gross motor (GM) deficits are often reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but their prevalence and the domains affected are not clear. The objective of this review was to characterize GM impairment in children with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or moderate to heavy maternal alcohol intake.METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Medline, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Published observational studies including children aged 0 to <= 18 years with (1) an FASD diagnosis or moderate to heavy PAE, or a mother with confirmed alcohol dependency or binge drinking during pregnancy, and (2) GM outcomes obtained by using a standardized assessment tool. Data were extracted regarding participants, exposure, diagnosis, and outcomes by using a standardized protocol. Methodological quality was evaluated by using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.RESULTS: The search recovered 2881 articles of which 14 met the systematic review inclusion criteria. The subjects' mean age ranged from 3 days to 13 years. Study limitations included failure to report cutoffs for impairment, nonstandardized reporting of PAE, and small sample sizes. The meta-analysis pooled results (n = 10) revealed a significant association between a diagnosis of FASD or moderate to heavy PAE and GM impairment (odds ratio: 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 2.1-4.0). GM deficits were found in balance, coordination, and ball skills. There was insufficient data to determine prevalence.CONCLUSIONS: The significant results suggest evaluation of GM proficiency should be a standard component of multidisciplinary FASD diagnostic services.

Aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência intelectual do ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental: o desempenho em leitura e escrita e a formação de professores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de um sistema on line de avaliação para análise do desempenho escolar: um estudo exploratório sobre avaliação em rede

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Eventos adversos relacionados à gravidade e carga de trabalho de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem - FMB

Elaboração e validação de um instrumento de avaliação da disfagia orofaríngea na paralisia cerebral

Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia - FFC

Geotecnologias aplicadas à análise do assoreamento de reservatórios de hidrelétricas em cenário de escassez de dados de séries históricas

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

A contação de histórias como recurso facilitador do desenvolvimento do juízo moral de crianças da educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Docência para a Educação Básica - FC

Surgical Performance During Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Is Improved With Training in a Porcine Model

Background and Purpose: Becoming proficient in laparoscopic surgery is dependent on the acquisition of specialized skills that can only be obtained from specific training. This training could be achieved in various ways using inanimate models, animal models, or live patient surgery-each with its own pros and cons. Currently, there are substantial data that support the benefits of animal model training in the initial learning of laparoscopy. Nevertheless, whether these benefits extent themselves to moderately experienced surgeons is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine if training using a porcine model results in a quantifiable gain in laparoscopic skills for moderately experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Materials and Methods: Six urologists with some laparoscopic experience were asked to perform a radical nephrectomy weekly for 10 weeks in a porcine model. The procedures were recorded, and surgical performance was assessed by two experienced laparoscopic surgeons using a previously published surgical performance assessment tool. The obtained data were then submitted to statistical analysis. Results: With training, blood loss was reduced approximately 45% when comparing the averages of the first and last surgical procedures (P = 0.006). Depth perception showed an improvement close to 35% (P = 0.041), and dexterity showed an improvement close to 25% (P = 0.011). Total operative time showed trends of improvement, although it was not significant (P = 0.158). Autonomy, efficiency, and tissue handling were the only aspects that did not show any noteworthy change (P = 0.202, P = 0.677, and P = 0.456, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that there are quantifiable gains in laparoscopic skills obtained from training in an animal model. Our results suggest that these benefits also extend to more advanced stages of the learning curve, but it is unclear how far along the learning curve training with animal models provides a clear benefit for the performance of laparoscopic procedures. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings and better understand the impact of this learning tool on surgical practice.

The identification of the pillars of education in the class comprehensiveness in healthcare

The objective of the present study was to verify, based on the analysis of student portfolio narratives, if the four pillars of education were approached in the class "Comprehensiveness in health care", part of the integrated curriculum of the Baccalaureate in Nursing Program of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing. A qualitative, documental study was performed using 46 portfolios constructed during the classes. Data collection was performed using an assessment tool that contained items addressing cognitive and affective dimensions. The data were submitted to thematic categorical analysis using the pillars of education as predefined categories. The results show that the pillars of education were, apparently, included in the class. Despite the present study findings, no evidence was found that the expected competencies were actually discussed among students and faculty, according to the records regarding the evaluations of each pedagogical cycle of the studied class.

Delay in the search for health services for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo

The scope of this paper is to analyze delays in locating health services for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Ribeirao Preto in 2009. An epidemiological and cross-sectional study was conducted with 94 TB patients undergoing treatment. A structured questionnaire, based on the Primary Care Assessment Tool adapted for TB care was used. A median (15 days or more) was established to characterize delay in health attendance. Using the Prevalence Ratio, the variables associated with longer delay were identified. The first healthcare services sought were the Emergency Services (ES) (57.5%). The longest period between seeking assistance occurred among males, aged between 50 and 59, who earned less than five minimum wages, had pulmonary TB, were new cases, were not co-infected with TB/HIV, did not consume alcohol, had satisfactory knowledge about TB before diagnosis (with a statistically significant association with delay) and who did not seek healthcare close to home before developing TB. There is a perceived need for training healthcare professionals about the signs and symptoms of the disease, reducing barriers of access to timely diagnosis of TB and widely disseminating it to the community in general.

Delays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a town at the triple border of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina

Objective. To identify the factors linked to patients and health services in delays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Methods. Epidemiological study in Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil, 2009. The Primary Care Assessment Tool, adapted for appraising tuberculosis treatment, was the instrument used. Descriptive statistics techniques were used, such as frequency distributions, central tendency and dispersion measurements (median and interquartile intervals), and odds ratios. Results. There were greater delays in seeking health services for those in the age group 60 years and older, for females, for patients with low levels of education, and for patients with poor knowledge of the disease. Clinical variables (being a new case and HIV infection) and behavioral variables (use of tobacco and alcohol consumption) were not linked with delays in diagnosis. The median time delays before diagnosis attributable to patients and to the health services were 30 days and 10 days, respectively. Emergency 24-hour medical services and primary health care services were not effective in identifying suspicious cases of tuberculosis and requesting tests to confirm the diagnosis, with a high percentage of referrals to the Tuberculosis Control Program clinic. Conclusions. Going to primary health care services for diagnosis increased the time before diagnosis of the disease was reached. The Tuberculosis Control Program clinic was more effective in diagnosis of tuberculosis, due to the training of the staff and to an organized process for receiving patients, including the availability of tests to support the diagnosis.