995 resultados para Testes de hipótese


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Os UAV (Unmaned Air Vehicles) têm sido cada vez mais utilizados em vários ramos, como a geologia, a segurança pública, a robótica e na obtenção de imagens. Visto existir grande interesse no uso do equipamento, foi comprado um quadcopter com o objetivo poder tornálo o mais autónomo possível. Esta tese contém informações dos elementos utilizados nesse Arducopter e ainda a informação dos sensores que podem ser adaptados ao mesmo. Explica também como está estruturado todo o código e como o UAV pode ser configurado antes do voo. São também apresentados todos os resultados obtidos dos primeiros voos e as evoluções e alterações após cada teste.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The Behavioral Finance develop as it is perceived anomalies in these markets efficient. This fields of study can be grouped into three major groups: heuristic bias, tying the shape and inefficient markets. The present study focuses on issues concerning the heuristics of representativeness and anchoring. This study aimed to identify the then under-reaction and over-reaction, as well as the existence of symmetry in the active first and second line of the Brazilian stock market. For this, it will be use the Fuzzy Logic and the indicators that classify groups studied from the Discriminant Analysis. The highest present, indicator in the period studied, was the Liabilities / Equity, demonstrating the importance of the moment to discriminate the assets to be considered "winners" and "losers." Note that in the MLCX biases over-reaction is concentrated in the period of financial crisis, and in the remaining periods of statistically significant biases, are obtained by sub-reactions. The latter would be in times of moderate levels of uncertainty. In the Small Caps the behavioral responses in 2005 and 2007 occur in reverse to those observed in the Mid-Large Cap. Now in times of crisis would have a marked conservatism while near the end of trading on the Bovespa speaker, accompanied by an increase of negotiations, there is an overreaction by investors. The other heuristics in SMLL occurred at the end of the period studied, this being a under-reaction and the other a over-reaction and the second occurring in a period of financial-economic more positive than the first. As regards the under / over-reactivity in both types, there is detected a predominance of either, which probably be different in the context in MLCX without crisis. For the period in which such phenomena occur in a statistically significant to note that, in most cases, such phenomena occur during the periods for MLCX while in SMLL not only biases are less present as there is no concentration of these at any time . Given the above, it is believed that while detecting the presence of bias behavior at certain times, these do not tend to appear to a specific type or heuristics and while there were some indications of a seasonal pattern in Mid- Large Caps, the same behavior does not seem to be repeated in Small Caps. The tests would then suggest that momentary failures in the Efficient Market Hypothesis when tested in semistrong form as stated by Behavioral Finance. This result confirms the theory by stating that not only rationality, but also human irrationality, is limited because it would act rationally in many circumstances

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work aims to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship and the incidence of bureaucratic corruption in the states of Brazil and Federal District. The main hypothesis of this study is that the opening of a business in Brazilian states is negatively affected by the incidence of corruption. The theoretical reference is divided into Entrepreneurship and bureaucratic corruption, with an emphasis on materialistic perspective (objectivist) of entrepreneurship and the effects of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity. By the regression method with panel data, we estimated the models with pooled data and fixed and random effects. To measure corruption, I used the General Index of Corruption for the Brazilian states (BOLL, 2010), and to represent entrepreneurship, firm entry per capita by state. Tests (Chow, Hausman and Breusch-Pagan) indicate that the random effects model is more appropriate, and the preliminary results indicate a positive impact of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity, contradicting the hypothesis expected and found in previous articles to Brazil, and corroborating the proposition of Dreher and Gassebner (2011) that, in countries with high regulation, bureaucratic corruption can be grease in the wheels of entrepreneurship

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fucan is a term used to denominate a family of sulfated L-fucose-rich polysaccharides. The brown alga Spatoglossum schröederi (Dictyotaceae) has three heterofucans namely fucan A, B and C. The 21 kDa fucan A is composed of a core of β (1-3) glucuronic acid-containing oligosaccharide of 4.5 kDa with branches at C4 of fucose chains α (1-3) linked. The fucose is mostly substituted at C4 with a sulfate group and at C2 with chains of β (1-4) xylose. This fucan has neither anticoagulant (from from 0.1 to 100µg) nor hemorrhagic activities (from 50 to 800 µg/mL). The antithrombotic test in vivo showed the fucan A has no activity in any of the concentrations (from 0.2 to 20µg/g/day) tested 1h after polysaccharide administration. However, when fucan A was injected endovenously 24h before the ligature of the venae cavae, we observed a dose-dependent effect, reaching saturation at around 20g/g of rat weight. In addition, this effect is also time-dependent, reaching saturation around 16h after fucan administration. In addition, regardless of administration pathway, fucan A displayed antithrombotic action. The exception was the oral pathway. Of particular importance was the finding that fucan A stimulates the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate from endothelial cells like heparin. The hypothesis has been raised that in vivo antithrombotic activity of fucan A is related to the increased production this heparan. Taken together with the fact that the compound is practically devoid of anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activity suggests that it may be an ideal antithrombotic agent in vivo

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study was developed with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of renal transplantation on quality of life of kidney recipients in the Rio Grande do Norte State. This is a descriptive study with longitudinal design, panel type with quantitative approach to data analysis. The Quality of Life (QoL) of chronic disease kidney patients before and after kidney transplantation was assessed by the WHOQOL-bref, The population consisted of patients in pre and post-renal transplantation, the sample had 63 patients older than 18 years. The study was conducted after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, No. CAAE 0008.0.294.000-10. Data collection was performed at a referral center for renal transplantation in Rio Grande do Norte, from May 2010 to May 2013. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and graphs. For statistical analyzes, Microsoft Excel XP and SPSS 15.0 software were used. The tests used were simple variance (ANOVA), t-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test to compare means, and Spearman correlations. P values <0.05 were considered significant. The demographic data showed a predominance of people between 18 and 45 years (68.2%) with a mean age of 39.9 years (SD 12.2), male (63.5%), married (58.7%), with children (51.0%). Regarding the education level was observed that 49.2% of participants had completed primary school, and most did not engage in any work activity (90.4%) during the study period. Hemodialysis was the predominant renal replacement therapy (96.8%) and the average waiting time for execution of transplantation was 1.9 years (SD 1.9). Comparison of QoL before and after transplantation showed significant differences in all areas analyzed, demonstrating that kidney transplantation had a positive impact on QoL in chronic renal patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Sociodemographic factors did not influence the quality of life in this group of patients, indicating that transplantation was the main factor to explain the improvement in quality of life. Thus, the alternative hypothesis of the study was accept, that there is a significant difference in quality of life before and after kidney transplant. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies to encourage organ donation and kidney transplantation process

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Realizaram-se testes físico-mecânicos e físico-químicos em couro de tilápia vermelha (Oreochromis spp.) a fim de testar a sua resistência. As amostras foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dois tratamentos: no T1, procedeu-se à retirada do corpo-de-prova no sentido longitudinal e, no T2, à retirada do corpo-de-prova no sentido transversal. Para os testes de determinação da resistência à tração, alongamento e rasgamento progressivo, foi utilizado o dinamômetro EMIC, com velocidade de afastamento entre as cargas de 100 ± 20mm/min, em ambiente climatizado (± 23ºC e UR do ar de 50%), por 24 horas. A espessura do couro variou de 0,61 a 0,75mm, mas não houve diferença entre os sentidos analisados. O couro apresentou maior resistência à tração no sentido transversal, 25,89N/mm², (P<0,01), comparado ao sentido longitudinal, 14,20 N/mm². O alongamento foi significativamente (P<0,05) maior no sentido longitudinal, 80,8%, em relação ao transversal, 62,6%. Não houve diferença para o rasgamento progressivo entre os tratamentos. O couro apresentou teor de óxido de cromo de 3,8%, graxa de 15,1% e pH e cifra diferencial de 3,5 e 0,5, respectivamente. Os valores nos testes de resistência e físico-químicos apresentados pelo couro indicam que ele pode ser utilizado para a confecção de vestuário e artefatos de couro em geral.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. is a forest species of the Mimosaceae family, recommended for recovery of degraded areas. The evaluation of vigor by biochemical tests have been an important tool in the control of seed quality programs, and the electrical conductivity and potassium leaching the most efficient in the verifying the physiological potential. The objective, therefore, to adjust the methodology of the electrical conductivity test for seeds of M. caesalpiniaefolia, for then compare the efficiency of this test with the potassium in the evaluation of seed vigor of different lots of seeds M. caesalpiniaefolia. To test the adequacy of the electrical conductivity were used different combinations of temperatures , 25 °C and 30 ºC, number of seeds , 25 and 50, periods of imbibition , 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 and 24 hours , and volumes deionized water, 50 mL and 75mL. For potassium leaching test, which was conducted from the results achieved by the methodology of the adequacy of the electrical conductivity test, to compare the efficiency of both tests , in the classification of seeds at different levels of vigor, and the period 4 hours also evaluated because the potassium leaching test can be more efficient in the shortest time . The best combination obtained in experiment of electrical conductivity is 25 seeds soaked in 50 mL deionized or distilled water for 8 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, the means were compared with each other by F tests and Tukey at 5 % probability, and when necessary polynomial regression analysis was performed. The electrical conductivity test performed at period eight hour proved to be more efficient in the separation of seed lots M. caesalpiniaefolia at different levels of vigor compared to the potassium test

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We had as the problem of analysis in this research: what are the assumptions, principles and general content that based the Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES). We started from the hypothesis that the general content of SINAES is essentially based on the assumptions and principles of a control/regulatory perspective of evaluation and a summative epistemology, objectivist and quantitativist, constituted by members who prioritize testing and classification of courses and institutions based on market values. The overall goal was to make a political evaluation of SINAES and the specific objectives were: a) apply the concepts of politics evaluation and meta-evaluation, b) identify the role of international organizations in education reform in the 1990s and its impact on superior education in Brazil c) redeem the concept of evaluation, especially in the field of studies in education; and d) investigate the evaluation policies of Brazilian superior education leading to SINAES. As for the technical procedures for collecting and analyzing data, the research was made with bibliography and documents, considering that it was developed by bibliographic sources and official publications. It was developed by crossing sources: texts or documents remitted to others; it was also concentrated: on the role of international organizations in educational and State reforms (in the 1990s); on the policies of evaluation of the Brazilian superior education (1980s and 1990s); on the proposal of the Comissão Especial de Avaliação (CEA); on the Law No. 10.861/2004; on the documents of CONAES; on the Decree No. 5.773/2006, and the MEC Regulatory Ordinances No. 4/2008 and No. 12/2008. It did not stop in the so called purely technical aspects, but in the ideological field itself. The research found that international organizations, notably the World Bank, played a political, intellectual and financial role determinant to the field of education, a fact that reflects in the legal framework. It was also found that the politics of evaluation of the superior education is historically marked by conflict, represented by two distinct perspectives of different natures and emphases. On one hand, the focus is on control / regulation, favoring efficiency, productivity and competitiveness benchmarking and prioritizing the punctual performance and measurement. On the other, it seeks to transform academic perspective in primarily formative / emancipatory, in order to support more institutional improvement. It was concluded that the CEA presented a conception evaluation predominantly formative and emancipatory, which emphasized the idea of system, centered around the institution and repudiated the rankings practices. In the post-formulation period, however, some of its principles were fragmenting and, gradually, the institution was giving way to the courses and the Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE) grew in prominence. With the creation of the Conceito Preliminar de Cursos superiores (CPC) and of the Índice Geral de Cursos da Instituição de Educação Superior (IGC), it was redemeed the practice of evaluation as measurement and control, under the principles of efficiency and productivity. So, SINAES that seemed like a progressive evaluation method has assumed a setting that close resembles the Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC-Provão). Nevertheless, the survival of institutional formative evaluation, in the superior education evaluation policies, still an issue in dispute

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Objetivando-se estudar a influência da adubação na manifestação da resistência de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (cultivares Rosinha G-2, ESAL-564 - Carioca e Diamante Negro) ao ataque de Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) foram conduzidos, na época das águas, testes com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando-se grãos obtidos de parcelas adubadas com N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, NPK, e sem adubo, totalizando 24 tratamentos. Os testes foram realizados em condições controladas de temperatura, umidade e luz. Foram avaliados o número de insetos atraídos e de ovos, em cada tratamento. Concluiu-se, no teste com chance de escolha, que o número de ovos de A. obtectus por recipiente foi reduzido pela aplicação do nitrogênio. A aplicação de nitrogênio em adubação resultou em menor porcentagem de insetos atraídos e menor número de ovos no genótipo Rosinha G-2. A manifestação da resistência nos genótipos ESAL-564 e Rosinha G-2 ao ataque de A. obtectus ficou evidente quando utilizados nitrogênio e potássio. Nos testes sem chance de escolha o consumo dos insetos foi reduzido nos grãos produzidos com a aplicação do nitrogênio. A aplicação de nitrogênio em adubação resultou no aumento do número de ovos de A. obtectus no genótipo ESAL-564. Não ficou evidente a manifestação da resistência nos genótipos ESAL-564 e Rosinha G-2 ao ataque do caruncho, pela aplicação dos macronutrientes N, P e K. Na ausência de fósforo o ciclo biológico do inseto foi maior na presença de potássio.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dentro de um programa de controle de qualidade, a avaliação do vigor de sementes é fundamental e necessária para o sucesso da produção. O trabalho teve por objetivo comparar diferentes métodos para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de pepino. Para tanto, cinco lotes de sementes do híbrido Safira foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica (4x50 sementes; 25ºC; 50 e 75mL; 12, 18 e 24h), germinação a baixa temperatura (4x50 sementes; 18ºC; contagens aos quatro e oito dias após a semeadura); envelhecimento acelerado tradicional (41ºC; 48, 72 e 96h) e com solução saturada de NaCl (41ºC; 72 e 96h). Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os testes de condutividade elétrica (50 e 75mL; 12, 18 e 24h) e de envelhecimento acelerado com o uso de solução salina (41ºC, por 72h), possibilitam a melhor identificação de lotes com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Soybeans seeds with different levels of vigour, treated and or no with fungicide were submitted to the test of germination in the sand and roll substrates of paper and the test of sanity. In test of germination, there were only significant differences between treatments that used soybeans with high vigour and with low vigour, regardless of the presence or absence of fungicide treatment, in the two substrates. The soybeans with low vigour no treated provided the largest percentages of seed contaminated with fungi, in contrast, the seeds with high vigour treated. There was only a slight contamination in soybeans with low vigour treated, unlike seeds with low vigour untreated, which showed the incidence of most fungi found. In the germination of seedlings normal, there are differences between treatments that used seeds with high vigour and low vigour, and is independent of the fungicide treatment and the type of substratum used. The effect of a fungicide depends of the vigour of seeds when of the occurrence of fungi associated to the soybean seeds of the cultivar analyzed.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A técnica para a determinação da viabilidade de sementes de amendoim por meio do tetrazólio (TZ) é, atualmente, aquela pela qual as sementes, após embebição em água, têm o tegumento removido. A seguir as sementes são, em grupo, imersas na solução de TZ. Essa técnica dificulta o contato entre os tecidos das faces internas dos cotilédones e a solução de TZ em virtude de que o período prévio de embebição em água não é suficiente para que os cotilédones das sementes de amendoim se separem. Assim, o acesso da solução de TZ aos tecidos das faces internas dos cotilédones e ao próprio eixo embrionário, que fica entre as duas faces cotiledonares internas, é consideravelmente dificultado. Na suposição de que este procedimento levaria a resultados de testes de TZ que se correlacionam mal com o desempenho germinativo das sementes no campo, tentou-se uma nova técnica pela qual as sementes, após a embebição em água, além de terem o tegumento removido, são manualmente separadas em seus cotilédones, com o eixo embrionário ligado a um deles, e os cotilédones de uma determinada semente, agora separados, imersos na solução de TZ contida em uma célula individual de uma bandeja de PVC. A hipótese aqui formulada mostrou-se correta : a técnica alternativa de submissão das sementes de amendoim à solução de tetrazólio permitiu a obtenção de resultados que, comparados com os da técnica convencional, refletiram de modo mais preciso o desempenho germinativo das sementes no campo.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da seleção precoce em Eucalyptus spp. foram usados dados de dois testes clonais avaliados quanto ao crescimento em altura (ALT), diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e volume individual de madeira (VOL) aos 25, 50 e 72 meses de idade. O delineamento experimental nos dois testes clonais foi o de blocos casualizados, com trinta tratamentos (clones), seis repetições, sendo um deles com seis e o outro com dez plantas em linha por parcela, no espaçamento de 3,0 m x 3,0 m. Foi feita a análise de variância para cada caracter e idade. Foram obtidas as estimativas de coeficiente de determinação genotípico e de correlações genotípicas entre os caracteres nas idades juvenis e na idade de rotação. Para verificar a viabilidade da aplicação da seleção precoce, foi simulada a seleção de 30% dos clones nas idades juvenis e na idade de rotação para cada um dos caracteres e idades avaliadas, obtendo-se as estimativas de ganhos genéticos com a seleção direta e indireta. Houve diferenças significativas entre os clones avaliados nos dois experimentos para todos os caracteres e idades. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é possível efetuar a seleção precoce aos 2 anos de idade sobre o caracter DAP em testes clonais de eucalipto.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência dos testes de vigor para identificação do potencial fisiológico em sementes de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes – UNESP/Jaboticabal/SP, utilizando-se quatro lotes de sementes: sendo lotes I e II, coletados no município de Jaboticabal em 2000 e 2001, respectivamente lote III em Santa Rita do Passo Quatro e lote IV, em Luiz Antonio, ambos em 2001. Para superação da dormência, realizou-se a escarificação das sementes com ácido sulfúrico durante 50 minutos e lavagem em água corrente durante 20 minutos. Foram avaliados: teor de água, percentual de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação e condutividade elétrica, realizada com diferentes quantidades de sementes (50, 75, 100), postas para embeber em copos de plástico contendo 50 e 75mL de água deionizada, durante 72 horas à 250 C. As sementes do lote III apresentaram potencial fisiológico superior às sementes dos demais lotes estudados. Para o teste de condutividade elétrica são necessários outros estudos, visando à possibilidade de uso como teste padrão de vigor para a espécie, enquanto que os testes de primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação mostraram-se adequados para avaliação do vigor dos lotes.