724 resultados para TURQUIA - RELACIONES EXTERIORES - IRAN - 1997-2007
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El interés de este caso de estudio es mostrar un diagnóstico sobre la situación de trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en Colombia, basado en el avance de las acciones emprendidas por parte de los Organismos Internacionales y del Estado, durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2007 y 2010. A partir de lo anterior, se utilizaron tres conceptos claves los cuales fueron: Globalización, Derechos Humanos y Perspectiva de Género con el fin de hacer una descripción del fenómeno de trata en Colombia. Se plantean como propósitos particulares contextualizar el fenómeno de la trata y su impacto a nivel mundial, identificar las políticas del Estado; y finalmente identificar el rol que tuvo la participación de Organización de las Naciones Unidas y su oficina especial UNODC frente al delito de trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en Colombia.
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We propose that family firm involvement and performance across industries is not random and is related to specific industry conditions. Using the population of listed companies on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period 1997-2007 we find that family firms are more involved in industries with more fixed assets, consistent with the long-term view of family owners, and in industry conditions that make it potentially easier for family owners to consume private benefits of control. Overall, we document a positive relationship between family firm involvement and performance, which indicates a net advantage for family firm shareholders in industries where family firms congregate. However, we also find that family firm performance is negatively affected when family firms use more debt and maintain a higher control wedge than their industry counterparts.
Developing a model of embedding academic numeracy in university programs : a case study from nursing
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This is a study of the academic numeracy of nursing students. This study develops a theoretical model for the design and delivery of university courses in academic numeracy. The following objectives are addressed: 1. To investigate nursing students' current knowledge of academic numeracy; 2. To investigate how nursing students’ knowledge and skills in academic numeracy can be enhanced using a developmental psychology framework; and 3. To utilise data derived from meeting objectives 1 and 2 to develop a theoretical model to embed academic numeracy in university programs. This study draws from Valsiner’s Human Development Theory (Valsiner, 1997, 2007). It is a quasi-experimental intervention case study (Faltis, 1997) and takes a multimethod approach using pre- and post-tests; observation notes; and semi-structured teaching sessions to document a series of microgenetic studies of student numeracy. Each microgenetic study is centered on the lived experience of students becoming more numerate. The method for this section is based on Vygotsky’s double stimulation (Valsiner, 2000a; 2007). Data collection includes interviews on students’ past experience with mathematics; their present feelings and experiences and how these present feelings and experiences are transformed. The findings from this study have provided evidence that the course developed for nursing students, underpinned by an appropriate framework, does improve academic numeracy. More specifically, students improved their content knowledge of and confidence in mathematics in areas that were directly related to their degree. The study used Valsiner’s microgenetic approach to development to trace the course as it was being taught and two students’ personal academic numeracy journeys. It highlighted particularly troublesome concepts, then outlined scaffolding and pathways used to develop understanding. This approach to academic numeracy development was summarised into a four-faceted model at the university, program, course and individual level. This model can be applied successfully to similar contexts. Thus the thesis advances both theory and practice in this under-researched and under-theorised area.
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Resumen: El acceso al Centro de Estudios Nacionales (CEN), archivo personal de Arturo Frondizi, provee nueva documentación sobre su presidencia (1958-1962) de gran relevancia, considerando que el Archivo del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores argentino permanece cerrado. Hemos estudiado las relaciones con Estados Unidos durante la presidencia de Eisenhower. El artículo examina el cambio en política exterior que Frondizi implementó para fortalecer la posición argentina en el campo internacional. El país participaba de los valores de Occidente, promovía el multilateralismo y cultivaba buenas relaciones con Estados Unidos. El subyacente y principal objetivo de esta política exterior fue lograr el desarrollo nacional. El artículo se centra en la visita de Frondizi a Estados Unidos –la primera de un presidente argentino– y la de Eisenhower a la Argentina en su viaje a América latina.
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Fecha: 3-7-1937 (>1970 reproducción) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 1-1 / Nº de pág.: 2 (mecanografiadas)
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Fecha: >1970 reproducción / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 1-4 / Nº de pág.: 3 (mecanografiadas)
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Fecha: 11-5-1937/8-1937 (>1970 reproducción) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 1-5 / Nº de pág.: 87 (mecanografiadas)
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Fecha: 1937 (>1970 reproducción) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 1-6 / Nº de pág.: 62 (mecanografiadas)
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Fecha: 4-10-1937 (>1970 reproducción) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 1-12 / Nº de pág.: 17 (mecanografiadas)
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Fecha: 29-12-1937 original (>1970 copia) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 48 - Expediente 8-9 / Nº de pág.: 3 (mecanografiadas)
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This article analyzes changes in the occupational employment share in Spain for the period 1997-2012 and the way particular sociodemographic groups adapt to those changes. There seems to be clear evidence of employment polarization between 1997 and 2012 that accelerates over the recession. Changes in the composition of the labour supply cannot explain the increase in the share of occupations at the low end of the wage distribution. Sector reallocation may have partially contributed to explain the polarization process in Spain during the years of expansion (1997-2007) but it is a minor factor during the recession. The polarization of occupations within sectors observed, especially during the recession, appears to be related to a decline in routine tasks which is compensated by an increase in occupations with non-routine service contents, which are found both in the low and high end of the wage distribution. Instead, jobs with a higher degree of abstract contents do not appear to increase their share in total employment during these 15 years. The paper finds that this process has affected males more strongly than females because of their higher concentration in occupations more focused on routine tasks. Among males, for workers under 30 years old, we find a decrease in the share of occupations with more routine tasks which turns into increases in those with more abstract content and particularly with more non-routine service content. Instead, male workers over 30 years old seem to remain in declining occupations to a greater extent. Females of different ages are not affected by the abovementioned changes.
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据Dickinson,E.C.,主编,2003年出版的“m Howard and Moore Gomplete Q蛐ofthe Birds of the World'’一书和2000。2008年的有关文献的记载,在1958~2008年的50年期间,全世界所描述发表鸟类的新种,计 有171种。以每10年中所发表的新种数进行统计比较,以1997~2007年期间所发表的新种为最多;按发现新种所属 目级分类阶元的统计比较,以雀形目发现的新种为最多;按地区进行统计比较,以南美洲发现的新种数为最多,非洲中南部地区和太平洋诸岛为次;在中国境内描记的新种有台湾短翅莺西哟脚嬲旋渤删、峨嵋柳莺场皿瞰灿mzden面、海南柳莺崩砌蚴‰肠砌船、峨嵋鹪莺岛匆船硎豳面、淡尾鹅莺崩锄船..toror、弄岗穗鹛&叻帕御赠删、 四川旋木雀眺砌婶删等7种,其中由中国鸟类学者描记的有四川旋木雀和弄岗穗鹛两种。这说明鸟类的宏 观分类研究,时至今日仍有研究的必要和发展空间。种下分类,是探讨同一个物种,随着分布区域的扩大,自然地 理环境条件的变化,而产生地区性分布种群的变异,以致新物种形成的途径,是宏观分类学研究一个物种的演化发 展。所以是当今鸟类分类研究的热点之一。据统计,1958—2008年的50年间,新描述发表的亚种数,约为1 129亚 种。繁殖区域分布较为广泛的种类,所描记的亚种较多。如岛鸫Turd.sp,hbcephaha分化有5l亚种之多。中国鸟类的 分类与区系地理学研究,大致可分为起步时期(1949年以前)、新中国建立之后的考察及宏观分类研究的总结整理 时期(1950—2005)和宏观与微观相结合的发展研究时期(1999年以后)等3个时期。郑作新所出版的《中国鸟类 分布名录》和《中国鸟类区系纲要》等专著,是中国鸟类宏观分类和区系地理学研究较为翔实的阶段性总结,为进 一步研究奠定了坚实的基础。
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毛壳霉属(Chaetomium)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)真菌产生多种具有生物活性的化合物。为系统阐明两属微生物的次生代谢物,对三种毛壳霉、两种曲霉真菌分别进行固态发酵,以色谱和波谱技术研究发酵物中的成分,分离鉴定了51个化合物,其中23个为新化合物,测试了部分化合物对肿瘤细胞的活性。 1、从螺卷毛壳霉(C. cochloides)固态发酵物中分离鉴定了11个化合物,3个新化合物为螺卷毛壳霉素A~C(1~3)。化合物1、3及dethio-tetra (methylthio) chetomin(4)对Bre-04、Lu-04和N-04细胞株生长抑制的GI50值为0.05~7.0 μg/mL。 2、从印度毛壳霉(C. indicum)固态发酵物中鉴定的三个异喹啉生物碱印度毛壳霉素A~C(12~14)代表两类骨架新颖的异喹啉生物碱。 3、从巴西毛壳霉(C. brasiliense)固态发酵物中鉴定了11个化合物,其中Mollicellins I~J(15~16)、2-Hydroxymethyl-6-methylmethyleugenin(19)为新化合物。化合物16和Mollicellin H(18)对Bre-04、Lu-04、N-04细胞株生长抑制的GI50值在2.5~8.6 μg/mL。 4、从土曲霉(A. terreus)固态发酵物中鉴定了18个化合物。5个为新化合物为Terretonin A~D(24~27)和Asterrelenin(28),24~27为二倍半萜化合物,28为吲哚生物碱。 5、从杂色曲霉(A. versicolor)固态发酵物中鉴定了16个化合物。9个新的化合物Brevianamides K~N (40~43)、Averins A~C (44~46)和Glyanphenines A~B (47~48)代表三种类型的生物碱。 6、综述了1997-2007年间新的二倍半萜的研究进展。 The fungi of the genera Chaetomium and Aspergillus produce various secondary metabolites with biological activities. In order to systematically study the secondary metabolites, the solid-state fermented rice culture of three species of Chaetomium and two of Aspergillus were chemically studied. By the means of chromatograhy and spectroscopy, 55 compounds were isolated and identified, among of them 23 were new ones. The biological activities of some compounds were investigated. 1. From the fungus C. cochliodes, three new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, chaetocochins A-C (1-3) were isolated, together with 8 known ones (4-11). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed growth inhibitory effects against cancer cell lines Bre-04, Lu-04 and N-04 with GI50 values from 0.05 to 7.0 μg/mL. 2. Three novel isoquinolines Chaetoindicins A-C (12-14) were isolated and identified from the fungus C. indicum. Chaetoindicin A, Chaetoindicins B-C represented two classes of novel carbon skeletons. 3. Three new compounds, Mollicellins I-J (15-16), and 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylmethyleugenin (19), were isolated from C. brasiliense. Compound 16 and Mollicellin H (18) showed growth inhibitory effects against cancer cell lines Bre-04, Lu-04 and N-04 with GI50 values from 2.5 to 8.6 μg/mL. 4. Eighteen compounds were isolated from the fungus A. terreus. Terretonin A-D(24 - 27)and Asterrelenin(28) are new compounds belonging to sesterterpoids and indole-ralated alkaloid, respectively. 5. From the fungus A. versicolor, sixteen secondary metabolites, including nine new ones, Brevianamides K-N (40-43), Averins A-C (44-46), and Glyanphenines A-B (47-48), were isolated and identified. Brevianamides K-N (40-43), Averins A-C (44-46), and Glyanphenines A-B (47-48) represented three classes of alkaloids. 6. New sesterterpenes and their bioactivities reported from 1997 to 2007 were summarized.
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En general, tanto a nivel empresarial y por parte del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Japón, existe la tendencia de avanzar con los Acuerdos de Asociación Económica2 (AAEs) en particular en la región Asia-Pacífico; pero ciertos sectores agrícolas y del Ministerio de Agricultura, Forestación y Pesca (MAFF) son más resistentes en hacer avances significativos, para evitar cualquier impacto significativo sobre su agricultura doméstica. Por más de cincuenta años las cooperativas agrícolas han usado su influencia política, apoyada por las comunidades rurales, para bloquear cualquier cambio de reforma. La agricultura japonesa ha disminuido mucho en los últimos 20 años. Las tierras abandonadas3 totalizan actualmente las 400 mil hectáreas. El promedio de edad de los agricultores es de 66 años; el número de productores ha caído a la mitad con 2,6 millones. Existe la predicción de que 1 millón de agricultores dejarán el sector en los próximos 10 años, y el deterioro de las comunidades rurales sigue creciendo. Incluso si Japón adhiere a algunos Acuerdos, la industria agrícola seguirá declinando. En la próxima década se pronostica que la población en Asia se incrementará en 400 millones, por lo que el gobierno japonés no quiere perder más tiempo en trazar sus nuevas estrategias sobre la región. Nunca Japón hizo un planeamiento tan profundo sobre los nuevos lineamientos de la agricultura, que se adoptó como primera prioridad estratégica a nivel nacional, basada sobre todo en la importancia y responsabilidad nacional en tener un suministro seguro de alimentos (incluso los importados) para sus ciudadanos y para la región.
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In this paper, we propose the return-to-cost-ratio (RCR) as an alternative approach to the analysis of operational eco-efficiency of companies based on the notion of opportunity costs. RCR helps to overcome two fundamental deficits of existing approaches to eco-efficiency. (1) It translates eco-efficiency into managerial terms by applying the well-established notion of opportunity costs to eco-efficiency analysis. (2) RCR allows to identify and quantify the drivers behind changes in corporate eco-efficiency. RCR is applied to the analysis of the CO2-efficiency of German companies in order to illustrate its usefulness for a detailed analysis of changes in corporate eco-efficiency as well as for the development of effective environmental strategies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.