Fresh pasta enrichment with protein concentrate of tilapia: nutritional and sensory characteristics

Abstract With the goal of developing and characterizing the nutritional and sensory aspects of fresh pasta supplemented with tilapia protein concentrate, four types of pasta were prepared, with inclusion of 0, 10, 20, or 30% of tilapia protein concentrate. Linear effects were observed (P < 0.01) in crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, and caloric values; these parameters increased with increasing amounts of tilapia protein concentrate in the pasta. The concentration of Na, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn increased linearly (P < 0.01) in correlation with the increase in protein concentrate content, while Fe content decreased linearly (P < 0.01). In the sensory analysis, texture, overall impression, and the acceptance index demonstrated a cubic regression (P < 0.05), with the inclusion of 20% protein concentrate yielding the best scores. Including up to 30% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta yields an increased nutritional value, but based on the sensory results, 20% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta is the recommended maximum level.

Effect of adding flours from marolo fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart) and jerivá fruit (Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham Glassm) on the physicals and sensory characteristics of food bars

Abstract The marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) and jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham Glassm) fruits grow in the Cerrado biome, and have important sensory and nutritional characteristics. These fruits are eaten fresh or processed and embedded in ice cream, candy, juices, and liquors. However, their use is very limited and is localized exclusively to their native region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of these fruits in food consumer products to improve the nutritional patterns of consumers and extend knowledge thereof. To do this, different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of flour derived from the marolo and jerivá fruits were incorporated into food bars, which were then characterized in terms of their physical of the texture (TPA), porosity, color and sensorial properties. The food bars enriched with marolo and jerivá flours had an intense yellow color and increased hardness relative to the control bars; the porosity of the bars progressively decreased as the amount of flour added increased. The sensorial analysis in the snack bars developed added with the fruits flour no was influence by incorporation this component, showed good averages for the scores evaluated.

Sensory response and physical characteristics of gluten-free and gum-free bread with chia flour

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical quality and sensory acceptance of gluten-free breads with different percentages of chia flour (Salvia Hispanica L .). The chia flour was used to substitute rice flour and soy flour in order to replace the gum required in this type of bread. Four formulations were developed; a standard made with gum, and three formulations with 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of chia flour. Analyses of specific volume, cooking losses and the rise in dough of the breads were performed. Sensory analysis included tests for affective acceptability and purchase intent. The results showed that the bread with 2.5% chia flour had specific volume and cooking losses similar to the standard. In terms of the rise in dough, the standard showed the highest values, followed by the bread made with 5.0% chia flour. The substitution of soy and rice flour with 2.5% of chia flour produced bread with sensory characteristics similar to the standard in all of the analyzed attributes; it also received higher purchase intent. Using chia flour at a concentration of 2.5%, compared to rice flour and soy flour, proved that it was possible to replace gum in the bread formulation.

Physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptability of ready-to-eat sliced frozen roast beef with partial reduction of sodium chloride

Abstract Sodium chloride in meat products provides microbiological stability and desirable technological and sensory effects. Therefore, the reduction of this ingredient is a challenge for the meat industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ready-to-eat sliced frozen roast beef with partial replacement of sodium chloride by a commercial additive mostly composed of potassium chloride. The analyses performed were chemical composition, cooking yield and post defrosting loss, microbiological evaluation and sensory analysis. There was higher moisture content (p < 0.05) in the control treatment (without the presence of the replacement additive) and all treatments were not different (p ≥ 0.05) in the cooking yield and in post-defrosting loss. The results of microbiological analysis are according to Brazilian Legislation. The sensory evaluation showed no difference between the control treatment and the T1 treatment (with the reduction of 35% of NaCl), while the T2 treatment (with reduction of 70% of NaCl) had the lowest average values in all attributes. The study showed that the reduction of 35% NaCl for commercial additive, mostly composed of potassium chloride, in roast beef is feasible since no changes were observed in sensory and technological characteristics evaluated.

Developmental patterns of individiuals within a sensory-based learning environment in art education : insights emerging from a case study /

My research permitted me to reexamine my recent evaluations of the Leaf Project given to the Foundation Year students during the fall semester of 1997. My personal description of the drawing curriculum formed part of the matrix of the Foundation Core Studies at the Ontario College of Art and Design. Research was based on the random selection of 1 8 students distributed over six of my teaching groups. The entire process included a representation of all grade levels. The intent of the research was to provide a pattern of alternative insights that could provide a more meaningful method of evaluation for visual learners in an art education setting. Visual methods of learning are indeed complex and involve the interplay of many sensory modalities of input. Using a qualitative method of research analysis, a series of queries were proposed into a structured matrix grid for seeking out possible and emerging patterns of learning. The grid provided for interrelated visual and linguistic analysis with emphasis in reflection and interconnectedness. Sensory-based modes of learning are currently being studied and discussed amongst educators as alternative approaches to learning. As patterns emerged from the research, it became apparent that a paradigm for evaluation would have to be a progressive profile of the learning that would take into account many of the different and evolving learning processes of the individual. A broader review of the student's entire development within the Foundation Year Program would have to have a shared evaluation through a cross section of representative faculty in the program. The results from the research were never intended to be conclusive. We realized from the start that sensory-based learning is a difficult process to evaluate from traditional standards used in education. The potential of such a process of inquiry permits the researcher to ask for a set of queries that might provide for a deeper form of evaluation unique to the students and their related learning environment. Only in this context can qualitative methods be used to profile their learning experiences in an expressive and meaningful manner.

Elucidation of odour-potent compounds and sensory profiles of Vidal blanc and Riesling icewines from the Niagara Peninsula : effect of harvest date and crop level

I t was hypothesized that the freeze/thaw cycles endured by icewine grapes would change their chemical composition, resulting in unique chemical fingerprint and sensory properties, and would be affected by harvest date (HD) and crop level (CL). The objectives were: 1) to identify odour-active compounds using gas chromatographic and sensory analysis; 2) to determine the effect of CL and HD on these compounds; 3) to determine the icewine sensory profiles; 4) to correlate analytical and sensory results for an overall icewine profile. CharmAnalysis™ determined the Top 15 odour-potent compounds in Vidal and Riesling icewine and table wines; 24 and 23 compounds, respectively. The majority of the compounds had the highest concentrations in the icewines compared to table wines. These compounds were used as the foundation for assessing differences in icewine chemical profiles from different HD and CL. Vidal and Riesling icewine were made from grapes picked at different HD; HI : 19 December; H2: 29 December; H3: 18 January; H4: 11 February (Vidal only). HI wines differed from H3 and H4 wines in both Vidal and Riesling for aroma compounds and sensory profiles. - Three·CL [control (fully cropped), cluster thin at fruit set to one basal cluster/shoot (TFS), and cluster thin at veraison to one basal cluster/shoot (TV)] were evaluated for Riesling and Vidal cultivars over two seasons. Vidal icewines had the highest concentration of aroma compounds in the control and TV icewines in 2003 and in TFS icewines in 2004. In Riesling, most aroma compounds had the highest concentration in the TV icewines and the lowest concentration in the TFS wine for both years. The thinned treatments were associated with almost all of the sensory attributes in both cultivars, both years. HD and CL affected the chemical variables, aroma compounds and sensory properties of Vidal and Riesling icewines and freeze/thaw events changed their sensory profile. The most odour-potent compounds were p-damascenone, cis-rose oxide, 1- octen-3-ol, 4-vinylguaiacol, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl hexanoate. The role of Pdamascenone as a marker compound for icewine requires further investigation. This research provides a strong foundation for the understanding the odour-active volatiles and sensory profiles important to icewine.

The effects of manipulated augmented sensory feedback on error detection when using a touch screen

The purpose of the present study was to determine which augmented sensory modality would best develop subjective error-detection capabilities of learners performing a spatial-temporal task when using a touch screen monitor. Participants were required to learn a 5-digit key-pressing task in a goal time of 2550 ms over 100 acquisition trials on a touch screen. Participants were randomized into 1 of 4 groups: 1) visual-feedback (colour change of button when selected), 2) auditory-feedback (click sound when button was selected), 3) visual-auditory feedback (both colour change and click sound when button was selected), and 4) no-feedback (no colour change or click sound when button was selected). Following each trial, participants were required to provide a subjective estimate regarding their performance time in relation to the actual time it took for them complete the 5-digit sequence. A no-KR retention test was conducted approximately 24-hours after the last completed acquisition trial. Results showed that practicing a timing task on a touch screen augmented with both visual and auditory information may have differentially impacted motor skill acquisition such that removal of one or both sources of augmented feedback did not result in a severe detriment to timing performance or error detection capabilities of the learner. The present study reflects the importance of multimodal augmented feedback conditions to maximize cognitive abilities for developing a stronger motor memory for subjective error-detection and correction capabilities.

Altered sensory-weighting mechanisms is observed in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

Affiliation: Paul Allard : Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal

Frequency of Chromosome Healing and Interstitial Telomeres in 40 Cases of Constitutional Abnormalities.

Human telomeres play a major role in stabilizing chromosome ends and preventing fusions. Chromosomes bearing a broken end are rescued by the acquisition of a new telomeric cap without any subtelomeric sequences being present at the breakpoint, a process referred to as chromosome healing. Conversely, a loss of telomeric function or integrity can lead to the presence of interstitial telomeres at the junction site in translocations or ring chromosomes. In order to determine the frequency at which interstitial telomeres or chromosome healing events are observed in target chromosome abnormalities, we conducted a retrospective FISH study using pan-telomeric and chromosome-specific subtelomeric probes on archival material from 40 cases of terminal deletions, translocations or ring chromosomes. Of the 19 terminal deletions investigated, 17 were negative for the subtelomeric probe specific to the deleted arm despite being positive for the pan-telomeric probe. These 17 cases were thus considered as been rescued through chromosome healing, suggesting that this process is frequent in terminal deletions. In addition, as two of these cases were inherited from a parent bearing the same deletion, chromosomes healed by this process are thus stable through mitosis and meiosis. Regarding the 13 cases of translocations and eight ring chromosomes, four and two cases respectively demonstrated pan-telomeric sequences at the interstitial junction point. Furthermore, two cases of translocations and one ring chromosome had both interstitial pan-telomeres and subtelomeres, whereas two other cases of ring chromosomes and one case of translocation only showed interstitial subtelomeres. Therefore, interstitial (sub)telomeric sequences in translocations and ring chromosomes are more common than previously thought, as we found a frequency of 43% in this study. Moreover, our results illustrate the necessity of performing FISH with both subtelomeric and pan-telomeric probes when investigating these rearrangements, as the breakpoints can be either in the distal part of the pan-telomeres, or in between the two types of sequences.

Structural and functional brain abnormalities in children with subclinical depression

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Contrôle postural et intégration sensorielle chez l’enfant en santé, chez l’adolescent atteint du syndrome Gilles de la Tourette ainsi que chez l’adulte atteint de la maladie de Huntington

Le contrôle postural et la perception des limites de la stabilité sont des processus complexes qui nécessitent le traitement et l’intégration d’informations sensorielles multimodales. Pendant l’enfance, le développement de la stabilité posturale s’effectue de façon non-monotonique. Plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré que ce profil non linéaire serait provoqué par une période de recalibration des systèmes sensoriels. Cette phase, nommée période de transition, est observée vers l’âge de 6-7 ans. Nous disposons toutefois de très peu d’information sur le rôle spécifique des afférences et des mécanismes d’intégration sensorielle au cours du développement postural. Les dysfonctions dans les noyaux gris centraux, telles que ceux observés dans la maladie de Parkinson, ont été associées à divers déficits dans le contrôle de la posture, dans le traitement et l’intégration sensoriel plus particulièrement, au niveau des informations proprioceptives. De plus, les limites fonctionnelles de la stabilité posturale des personnes atteintes de la maladie de Parkinson sont significativement réduites. Cependant, les connaissances concernant comment certaines pathologies des noyaux gris centraux, telles que le syndrome Gilles de la Tourette (SGT) et la maladie de Huntington (MH) affectent la capacité d’utiliser les informations sensorielles pour contrôler la posture demeurent à ce jour, incomplètes. Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des noyaux gris centraux dans les processus de traitements et d’intégration sensorielle, particulièrement les afférences proprioceptives dans le contrôle de la posture au cours du développement de l’enfant en santé, atteint du SGT et chez l’adulte atteint de la MH avec et sans symptôme clinique. Notre protocole expérimental a été testé chez ces trois populations (enfants en santé, SGT et MH). Nous avons utilisé des mesures quantitatives à partir de données issues d’une plateforme de force afin d’évaluer les ajustements posturaux dans les limites de la stabilité posturale. Les participants devaient s’incliner le plus loin possible dans quatre différentes directions (avant, arrière, droite et gauche) et maintenir l’inclinaison posturale maximale pendant 10 secondes. Afin de tester la capacité à traiter et à intégrer les informations sensorielles, la tâche expérimentale a été exécutée dans trois conditions sensorielles : 1) yeux ouverts, 2) yeux fermés et 3) yeux fermés, debout sur une mousse. Ainsi, la contribution relative de la proprioception pour le contrôle postural augmente à travers les conditions sensorielles. Dans la première étude, nous avons évalué la capacité à traiter et à intégrer les informations sensorielles avant (4 ans) et après (8-10 ans) la période de transition comparativement aux adultes. Dans la deuxième et la troisième étude, nous avons également évalué le traitement et l’intégration des informations sensorielles chez les patients atteints de désordres des noyaux gris centraux. La deuxième étude portera spécifiquement sur les adolescents atteints du SGT et la troisième, sur la MH avant et après l’apparition des symptômes cliniques. En somme, les résultats de la première étude ont démontré que la performance des enfants est affectée de façon similaire par les différentes conditions sensorielles avant et après la période de transition. Toutefois, le profil de développement des mécanismes responsables des ajustements posturaux de l’axe antéropostérieur est plus précoce comparativement à ceux de l’axe médiolatéral. Ainsi, nos résultats ne supportent pas l’hypothèse de la période de recalibration des systèmes sensoriels pendant cette période ontogénétique mais suggèrent que la période de transition peut être expliquée par la maturation précoce des mécanismes d’ajustements posturaux dans l’axe antéropostérieur. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de nos études chez les populations atteintes de désordres des noyaux gris centraux (MH et SGT) démontrent non seulement qu’ils ont des déficits posturaux mais également que les ajustements posturaux dans les deux axes sont affectés par les conditions sensorielles. Pour la première fois, nos études démontrent des déficits globaux de traitements et d’intégration sensorielle accentués pour les signaux proprioceptifs. Ces résultats sont similaires à ceux observés dans la maladie de Parkinson. De plus, les adolescents atteints du SGT éprouvent également des troubles posturaux marqués dans la condition visuelle ce qui suggère des déficits d’intégrations visuelles et/ou multimodaux.

Asymmetric cell division intersects with cell geometry : a method to extrapolate and quantify geometrical parameters of sensory organ precursors

La division cellulaire asymétrique (DCA) consiste en une division pendant laquelle des déterminants cellulaires sont distribués préférentiellement dans une des deux cellules filles. Par l’action de ces déterminants, la DCA générera donc deux cellules filles différentes. Ainsi, la DCA est importante pour générer la diversité cellulaire et pour maintenir l’homéostasie de certaines cellules souches. Pour induire une répartition asymétrique des déterminants cellulaires, le positionnement du fuseau mitotique doit être très bien contrôlé. Fréquemment ceci génère deux cellules filles de tailles différentes, car le fuseau mitotique n’est pas centré pendant la mitose, ce qui induit un positionnement asymétrique du sillon de clivage. Bien qu’un complexe impliquant des GTPases hétérotrimériques et des protéines liant les microtubules au cortex ait été impliqué directement dans le positionnement du fuseau mitotique, le mécanisme exact induisant le positionnement asymétrique du fuseau durant la DCA n'est pas encore compris. Des études récentes suggèrent qu’une régulation asymétrique du cytosquelette d’actine pourrait être responsable de ce positionnement asymétrique du faisceau mitotique. Donc, nous émettons l'hypothèse que des contractions asymétriques d’actine pendant la division cellulaire pourraient déplacer le fuseau mitotique et le sillon de clivage pour créer une asymétrie cellulaire. Nos résultats préliminaires ont démontré que le blebbing cortical, qui est une indication de tension corticale et de contraction, se produit préférentiellement dans la moitié antérieure de cellule précurseur d’organes sensoriels (SOP) pendant le stage de télophase. Nos données soutiennent l'idée que les petites GTPases de la famille Rho pourraient être impliqués dans la régulation du fuseau mitotique et ainsi contrôler la DCA des SOP. Les paramètres expérimentaux développés pour cette thèse, pour étudier la régulation de l’orientation et le positionnement du fuseau mitotique, ouvrirons de nouvelles avenues pour contrôler ce processus, ce qui pourrait être utile pour freiner la progression de cellules cancéreuses. Les résultats préliminaires de ce projet proposeront une manière dont les petites GTPases de la famille Rho peuvent être impliqués dans le contrôle de la division cellulaire asymétrique in vivo dans les SOP. Les modèles théoriques qui sont expliqués dans cette étude pourront servir à améliorer les méthodes quantitatives de biologie cellulaire de la DCA.

Uso del test de cuantificación sensitiva para el estudio de la neuropatía de fibra pequeña

Introducción La mutación genética Val30Met de la proteína transtiretina (TTR) es causante de la polineuropatía amiloidótica familiar, comprometiendo en fases iniciales las fibras nerviosas pequeñas (mielinizadas Aδ y amielínicas tipo C), involucradas en funciones autonómicas, nocicepción, percepción térmica y sudoración. Los métodos neurofisiológicos convencionales, no logran detectar dichas anormalidades, retardando el inicio de tratamientos específicos para la enfermedad. Metodología El objetivo principal fue evaluar el test de cuantificación sensitiva (QST) como método de detección temprana de anormalidades de fibra pequeña, en individuos Val30Met, seguidos en el Hospital Universitario Santa María, Lisboa. Se clasificaron los pacientes en 3 grupos, según sintomatología y examen neurológico. Se analizaron los umbrales para percepción de frío, dolor con el calor y vibración en los grupos, en correlación con controles sanos. Resultados 18 registros de controles sanos y 33 de individuos con la mutación, divididos en asintomáticos (24,2%), sintomáticos con examen neurológico normal (42,4%) y sintomáticos con examen neurológico anormal (33,3%). No se encontraron diferencias entre los pacientes asintomáticos y los controles. Los umbrales para frío (p=0,042) y en el dolor intermedio con el calor (HP 5) (p=0,007) se encuentran elevados en individuos Val30Met sintomáticos con examen normal. En los pacientes sintomáticos con alteraciones al examen, también se presentaron alteraciones en el intervalo entre el inicio y el dolor intermedio con el calor (HP 5-0,5) (p=0,009). Discusión Los umbrales de frío y de percepción de dolor con el calor, permiten detectar anormalidades en personas con la mutación TTR Val30Met, sintomáticos, incluyendo aquellos sin cambios objetivos al examen neurológico.

Effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen on the induction of chromosomal abnormalities and on the expression of her2 gene in breast cancer cell lines

This study covers an area of great importance in the research of breast cancer, related to the study of the effects of both estrogens (E2) and anti-estrogens (Tamoxifen) on chromosomes and of modulation of gene expression. Considering that breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and that patients respond differently to treatment, the identification of chromosomal abnormalities as well as genes responsive to 17β-estradiol (E2) and Tamoxifen (TAM) could provide the necessary framework to understand the complex effects of this hormone in target cells and could explain, at least in part, the development of cellular resistance to TAM treatment and the subsequent best therapeutic option. In this order of ideas, we determined the effects of E2 and TAM on the chromosomes and on the modulation of gene expression in four breast cancer cell lines, which represent three of the five subtypes of breast cancer known at present. The results are presented in six chapters - each one has a group of the results achieved around the cytogenetic characteristics and gene expression profiles of four cell lines and the effects of E2 and TAM incubation on those. The first chapter describes the main features of breast cancer, furthering the use and effects of E2 and TAM treatment.

Prevalencia de enfermedad de Fabry en pacientes en lista de trasplante y posttrasplante renal en fundación cardioinfantil Bogotá

Introducción: La Enfermedad de Fabry (EF), es una enfermedad multisistémica de almacenamiento lisosomal ligada al cromosoma X que afecta principalmente a hombres, pero también puede causar significativa morbilidad en las mujeres heterocigotas (1–5). La deficiencia de la enzyma α-galactosidaseA (α-Gal A,) provoca acumulación de glicosfingolipidos que afectan diferentes tipos celulares entre ellos el endotelio vascular en vasos de pequeño calibre, células epiteliales y Músculo liso en el sistema cardiovascular (cardiomiocitos), sistema nervioso y células epiteliales tubulares del riñón (6,7). Complicaciones como la falla renal es la causa de muerte más frecuente en la EF (7,8). La incidencia se ha calculado en 1 de cada 117.000 nacidos vivos. (9). Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la Enfermedad de Fabry en pacientes con Insuficiencia renal terminal que se encuentren en lista de trasplante y Post-trasplante Renal en Fundación Cardioinfantil Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional en donde se evaluó la prevalencia de la EF en todos los sujetos mayores de 18 años que se encuentren en lista de trasplante y post-trasplante renal. Resultados: La prevalencia de Enfermedad de Fabry en 98 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica fue de 7.1% para la muestra general y 12.9% para la muestra con etiología idiopática Conclusiones: La Enfermedad de Fabry es una importante casusa de Enfermedad Renal Crónica Terminal principalmente en el grupo de etiología idiopática. Palabras Clave: Enfermedad de Fabry (FA)