Five Percent 5-Fluorouracil in a Cream or for Superficial Peels in the Treatment of Advanced Photoaging of the Forearms: A Randomized Comparative Study

BACKGROUND The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used for topical treatment of actinic keratosis. Overall improvement in the skin is also observed. Additionally, 5-FU was reported to be used for superficial peels.OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5% 5-FU cream compared with peels for photodamaged forearms.METHODS This interventional, randomized, comparative, evaluator-blind study included 32 patients with severe photoaging of forearms. The regimens comprised either application of 5% 5-FU cream everyday for 4 weeks on 1 forearm and 4 weekly peels on the other. Efficacy assessment included: clinical photodamage scores, opinion of patients and investigators, and blind photographic evaluation by independent observers. Skin biopsies were performed for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Safety evaluation comprised observation of adverse events.RESULTS Clinical and histologic findings confirmed the benefits of topical 5% 5-FU, in cream or peels, which improved skin appearance and decreased the dermal elastotic material. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced levels of epidermal p53 and increase in the level of procollagen I. Results were maintained after 6 months. Predictable adverse events occurred, with no differences between treatments. Patients reported better tolerability to peels.CONCLUSION Five percent 5-FU cream or peels was safe and effective for the treatment of photodamaged forearms. Decreased epidermal p53 levels and new dermal collagen were confirmed.

Estudo do desempenho de barreiras de geotêxtil para contenção de sedimentos carreados pelo escoamento superficial

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

Estudo da dureza e da resistência à compressão de resinas compostas para dentes posteriores após a imersão em água destilada. Efeito da aplicação de selante superficial

Novos compósitos têm surgido no mercado especificamente destinados à confecção de restaurações estéticas posteriores. Entretanto, embora tais materiais apresentem resultados iniciais animadores, há a necessidade de comprovações adicionais para que possam ser utilizados com segurança. Resinas compostas posteriores são submetidas a estresses complexos de compressão e abrasão durante a mastigação e a aplicação de selantes superficiais tem sido relatada como forma de aumentar a resistência ao desgaste destes materiais. O presente trabalho teve como propósito avaliar a dureza e a resistência à compressão das resinas compostas Alert (Jeneric/Pentron), Ariston (Vivadent), Definite (Degussa), P60 (3M), Solitarie (Kulzer), Surefil (Dentsply) e Z100 (3M) após 90 dias de imersão em água destilada, recobertas com selante Protect It (Jeneric/Pentron) e submetidas à ciclagem mecânica (10.000 ciclos, 600N, 5Hz). Os ensaios de dureza (n=8) foram realizados em aparelho Wolpert, com diamante Vickers e peso de 50gf aplicado por 30 segundos, antes e após períodos de imersão de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Os ensaios de resistência à compressão (n=8) foram realizados somente após 90 dias, em corpos-de-prova cilíndricos medindo 8mm de altura por 4mm de diâmetro. Apenas os espécimes destinados à compressão foram ciclados mecanicamente. Os ensaios foram realizados em máquina MTS 810, equipada com célula de carga de 10kN (ciclagem) e 100kN (compressão) e velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Após análise de variância (p<0,05), os resultados mostraram, previamente à imersão, maiores valores de dureza para os materiais Z100 (74,253VHN) e Ariston (71,308VHN). A seguir, com valor semelhante à resina Ariston, mas inferior à resina Z100, apresentou-se o material Surefil (69,969VHN)...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Estudo do fresamento de madeiras em centro de usinagem CNC

The lack of research related to wood machining processes, including the milling, as well as the increased use of this material in the industrial sector, it creates a need to increase research involving these processes, as the sector is in full technological and environmental remodeling. This paper studies the process of milling wood, presenting an analysis of the effects of cutting speed on surface quality by measuring roughness. We used a forward speed three cutting speeds, two species of wood (Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus grandis) and two milling tools (roughing and finishing) machined by milling concordant and discordant. Each condition was repeated six times, and the measurements were performed in the opposite direction and in favor of cutting tool, generating results of the parameters Ra (average roughness) totaling 144 trials with it. These results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test. Finally it was concluded that there are significant differences between the results of varying roughness when cutting speeds, milling and types of machining types tested

Fresamento de madeiras de média densidade: MDF

The technological expansion and market manufactured wood as wood paneling makes the research of processes involving this material are increasingly necessary . The present study examines the milling process MDF - fiberboard with average density endmill with helical teeth , with the analysis of the surface finish by evaluating the surface roughness ( Ra) and analysis of the power consumption . We analyzed three types of cuts in milling : concordant , discordant , and cut top . We used 5 rpm (6000 , 8000 , 10000 , 12000 and 14000 RPM) , establishing five-speed cutting, 301 , 402 ,502, 603 and 703 m / min respectively. Five forward speeds and 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 m / min. Each condition was repeated six times , totaling 180 tests. The results of roughness were obtained from rugosimeter data and the power consumption were obtained by Hall-effect sensor . These results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test . Finally it was concluded that there are few significant differences between the results themselves vary roughness when cutting speeds and feed and no major differences in power consumption . The best surface quality and lower power consumption were for cutting speed of 703 m / min . To varying forward speed , the speed of 4 m / min showed better surface quality and lower power consumption

Fresamento de Eucalyptus grandis

The process of milling wood is widely used in operations such as planing and manufacturing frames . Machines like planers , desengrossadeiras , routers , moldureiras and machining centers employ the milling process for cutting wood . In this work the process of milling CNC machining center of Eucalyptus grandis was studied because this is very much used in furniture , but without consistent studies on this process . This work a CNC machining center brand TECH Z1 for analysis of surface quality ( Ra ) in relation to the variation of cutting speed and feed in concordant and discordant tangential milling and face milling was used . We used Eucalyptus grandis . Four forward speeds ( 3, 5 , 7, and 9 m / min ) for four shear rates ( 5,9; 8,4; 10,9 and 13,4 m/s ) were used. Was used for testing a cutter finishing top speed steel with helical teeth 16mm in diameter . 6 repetitions for each test condition were performed . From the results it was observed that the best results for roughness Vc = 10,9 m / s were obtained for the milling concordant with the forward speed Vf = 7 m / min. As for Vf = 5 m / min the best finish was achieved with Vc = 8,4 m /s in discordant for milling . The feedrate and cutting influenced the roughness . The senses of concordant and discordant and cut the top and the top had a significant difference in roughness

Lixamento do Pinus elliotti com carbeto de silício e óxido de aluminio

The Sanding is a complex process involving many variables that affect the quality of the part produced, working mainly in the timber industry in the production of panels (MDF, MDP, HDF, etc...) and furniture. However, these industries use the sanding process empirically, not optimizing it. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of sandpaper white aluminum oxide (OA-white) and Black silicon carbide (SiC-black), analyzing variables in the process as: strength, power, emission, vibration, wear particle size of sanding, and its consequences on the surface finish of the workpiece. Made the process of plane grinding samples of Pinus elliottii, processed in parallel to the fibers, which were sanded with sandpaper grain OA white and black 3-SiC abrasive conditions (new, moderately eroded and severely eroded) grain sizes in 3 (80, 100, and 120 mesh). 6 replicates was performed for each condition tested. Each trial was captured output variables of the sanding process: strength, power, emission and vibration. With two stages totaling 108 trials. After the sanded samples, it has the same surface quality by raising the surface roughness Ra. Through experiment, it can be concluded that abrasives OA-white tended to have higher strength, power, emissions and less vibration in the sanding process, compared to the SiC-black. However, surface finish exhibited similar to the particle size of 80 to 100 mesh, worn abrasive conditions. However, the particle size of 120 mesh, obtained by the roughness of sandpaper OA-bank was higher compared to SiC-black to all conditions of sandpaper due to its toughness

Efeitos da variação do teor de umidade da madeira no processo de lixamento

The process of sanding wood is little known and industries use it in a practical way without having studied their best conditions before. There are few studies involving this type of machining. On this basis, this paper studied the effects of varying moisture content of the wood surface quality after the sanding process. It was used a sanding machine with flat horizontal cut parallel to the fibers, using: 02 different species (Pinus elliottii and Corymbia citriodora); 01 sanding abrasive (aluminum oxide) and 03 different particle size abrasives ( P80 , P100 and P120 ) . Initially, the pieces were acclimatized ( 2 ± 7% , 12% and 17% ± 2 ± 2 ) and subsequently passed by the sanding process, and therefore, the surface roughness was analyzed. For each condition, were performed 06 repetitions totaling 54 trials for each species. We analyzed the effects of wood moisture by capturing the power sanding, rougheness, acoustic emission and maximum temperature during the sanding process. The variation of moisture content produced changes in the surface quality of the finished parts, and these changes were more marked in Pinus than Corymbia. During the sanding process of the specimens with 7 % and 12 % humidity, there was a lower noise emission, power consumption and heating surface. When checking the roughness of these parts after this process, it was observed that the surface quality of them were superior in the parts sanded containing 17 % moisture

Mapeamento geoestatístico da permeabilidade superficial no entorno do Ribeirão Claro: e simulação da possibilidade de sua contaminação

The evaluation of soil permeability throughout the weathering profile is one of the most important features to be considered in environmental studies. This study, developed from field testing and analysis of data obtained by geostatistical methods, aims at mapping the permeability around the Ribeirão Claro river. The intent is to simulate an accident with toxic liquids where soil permeability is of fundamental importance. Another purpose of the research was to determine the minimum time that, in the event of an accident, a possible contaminant to reach the water table level and be routed to the nearest drain, in this case, the Ribeirao V Claro river constitutes fundamental information. The studied area of approximately 4 km² is located within the UNESP-Rio Claro campus, consisting of colluvial soil from Fm. Rio Claro superimposed on residual soil of Fm. Corumbataí. The method used to determine the permeability is the concentric cylinders performed on a sampling grid with 64 points containing spacing of 5 meters EW and 10 meters NS. In the places of permeability tests were collected samples for laboratory determination of the percentage of fines. From particle size analysis was performed and analysis statistical and geostatistical on this data. The histogram was based on the statistical studies, and the semivariograms were based on geostatistical estimation methods. Based on the comparison between the maps and the data obtained, it was determined that the percentage of fines in colluvial surface soil has little influence on permeability, which the proximity to the Ribeirao Claro river, the eastern portion, a factor that influences the distribution of permeability values

Carta geotécnica de suscetibilidade aos processos de dinâmica superficial na região do Bairro do Peão, Piracaia (SP)

This research presents the result of the engineering geological mapping in a 1:50.000 scale, in Bairro do Peão region, in Piracaia (SP), represented by means of homogeneous units which are susceptible to superficial dynamic processes. To serve as basis for the elaboration of a Chart of Susceptibility to Processes of Superficial Dynamic, a series of physical samples was collected, considering erosive processes and registers of information of usage and soil occupation. The procedure used for elaborating the geotechnical chart is based on Vedovello (2000), which suggests the physiographic compartimentation of the area through photointerpretation and further geotechnical characterization of the selected samples. The geotechnical characterization of the samples was made by identifying the features and properties of the material and forms of the physical environment determining the geotechnical conditions through geological-geotechnical profile descriptions typical of/ peculiar to each unit defined in the area. Thus, for each unit selected, the susceptibility level was established in very high, high, average and low, as well as the prevalent erosive processes.

Estudo da superfície de fibras de carbono após tratamento de implantação iônica por imersão em plasma (3IP)

In this work, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatments of carbon fibers (CFs) were performed in order to induce modifications of chemical and physical properties of the CF surface aimed to improve the performance of thermoplastic composite. The samples to be treated were immersed in nitrogen or air glow discharge plasma and pulsed at −3.0 kV for 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 min. After PIII processing, the specimens were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After CFs treatments, the CF/Polypropylene (PP) composites were produced by hot pressing method. Surface morphology of as-received CFs exhibited some scratches aligned along the fibers due to the fiber manufacturing process. After both treatments, these features became deeper, and also, a number of small particles nonuniformly distributed on the fiber surface can be observed. These particles are product of CF surface sputtering during the PIII treatment, which removes the epoxy layer that covers as-received samples. AFM analyses of CF samples treated with nitrogen depicted a large increase of the surface roughness (Rrms value approximately six times higher than that of the untreated sample). The increase of the roughness was also observed for samples treated by air PIII. Raman spectra of all samples presented the characteristic D- and G-bands at approximately 1355 and 1582 cm−1, respectively. Analysis of the surface chemical composition provided by the XPS showed that nitrogen and oxygen were incorporated onto the surface. The polar radicals formed on the surface lead to increasing of the CF surface energy. Both the modification of surface roughness and the surface oxidation contributed for the enhancement of CF adhesion to the polymeric matrix. These features were confirmed ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise do processo de fresamento de MDF em centro de usinagem CNC

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Estudo da superfície do carbono vítreo reticulado após tratamento de implantação iônica por imersão em plasma (3IP) para a obtenção de eletrodos

In this work, RVC samples were treated by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) for electrodes production. High-voltage pulses with amplitudes of -3.0 kV or -10.0 kV were applied to the RVC samples while the treatment time was 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Nitrogen, atmospheric air and H2:N2 mixture were employed as plasma sources. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical measurements. The SEM images present an apparent enhancement of the surface roughness after the treatment probably due to the surface sputtering during the PIII process. This observation is in agreement with the specific electrochemical surface area (SESA) of RVC electrodes. An increase was observed of the SESA values for the PIII treated samples compared to the untreated specimen. Some oxygen and nitrogen containing groups were introduced on the RVC surface after the PIII treatment. Both plasma-induced process: the surface roughening and the introduction of the polar species on the RVC surface are beneficial for the RVC electrodes application

Estudo do comportamento em fadiga das ligas AA6005, AA6063 e AA6351

Aluminum alloys have shown great potential for the automotive industry, especially aluminum alloys 6xxx series. This category has good mechanical strength and excellent corrosion resistance, important for the areas of construction and transport. The automotive industry has always shown great interest in the study of fatigue behavior, because structural components are subjected to cyclic and vibration loads, generating cracks and fracturing. The mechanical response depends on the material properties, applications, surface condition and microstructure. In this work was study the fatigue behavior of high cycle of machined bodies (not polished) and the effect of roughness on the fatigue life for three aluminum alloys of 6xxx series: AA6005, AA6351 and AA606, all in the T6 condition . S / N curves were made from fatigue tests in rotating bending (R = -1). The influence of roughness was studied by measuring the roughness of each specimen. Was compare the fatigue behavior of polished specimen and not polished specimens. The fractured surfaces of samples were observed by MEV, and it was observed that most of nucleation sites for fatigue crack is initiated below the surface

Modificação superficial de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro por poli(ácido aspártico) reticulado

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ