998 resultados para Resíduos de serviço de saúde


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A tomografia computadorizada é atualmente o estudo de imagem de escolha para a detecção e estadiamento de linfomas. A tomografia computadorizada é capaz de mensurar com acurácia significativa a extensão e o volume do tumor e prover informações que possam ser usadas para planejar uma estratégia terapêutica apropriada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever e analisar os achados de imagem obtidos por meio de tomografia computadorizada de tórax e abdome, acompanhada de ultra-sonografia de abdome total de pacientes com diagnóstico de linfoma e com sorologia negativa para o vírus HIV, alterações clínicas, como a queixa que levou o paciente a procurar o serviço de saúde, já revelando sinais de acometimento da doença linfocitária, neste momento ainda não diagnosticada, e alterações ao exame físico nesta primeira consulta. A amostra estudada foi composta por 30 pacientes, sendo que, destes, 40% teriam o diagnóstico de linfoma não-Hodgkin, 46,6% de linfoma Hodgkin, 10% de linfoma de Burkitt e 3,3% com o diagnóstico de linfoma linfoblástico.

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Este artigo objetivou compreender a percepção dos profissionais de Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre a inserção do estudante de Medicina neste cenário. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (24/10/08, nº 1.240/08). Participaram profissionais da ESF de Montes Claros, Norte de Minas Gerais. Na coleta dos dados foram realizados três grupos focais. O instrumental metodológico utilizado foi a análise do discurso. Foram construídas três categorias: integração ensino-serviço-comunidade, funcionamento do serviço e formação médica. Os profissionais percebem a necessidade do trabalho interdisciplinar e orientado na comunidade, mas com a visão de serviço de saúde centrado no médico. Verificou-se que, por meio de maior integração dos estudantes com a equipe e com a comunidade, pode-se obter um serviço mais efetivo e de qualidade, aumento da satisfação dos profissionais e diferencial positivo na formação dos estudantes. Para que esta integração ocorra, é importante construir a imagem do médico/estudante de Medicina como integrante da equipe de saúde. A inserção dos estudantes no serviço pode facilitar este processo.

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O ensino médico há alguns anos vem passando por uma transição do modelo clássico teórico para abordagens práticas e baseadas em problemas. Fundamentando-se em uma abordagem prática ambulatorial, criou-se um projeto de extensão para o ensino simultâneo a alunos de diferentes anos do curso médico com uma população ribeirinha, em que cada acadêmico utilizou suas habilidades adquiridas no curso para a criação de um serviço ambulatorial (acolhimento, pré-consulta, consulta médica, vacinação e dispensação de medicamentos), de forma a promover um serviço de saúde. Esta ação ocorreu em áreas remotas da Amazônia brasileira, mostrando que é possível unir extensão e ensino na formação de médicos mais conscientes das diferentes realidades socioeconômicas e culturais brasileiras.

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Uma adequada contracepção no puerpério é recomendada para prevenir morbidades maternas e infantis. Os benefícios materno-fetais da lactação são indiscutíveis e a amamentação exclusiva em pacientes amenorréicas é um método contraceptivo eficaz. No entanto, o reinício da fertilidade é variável entre as mulheres e deve-se considerar que o acesso ao serviço de saúde em muitas regiões não é garantido, comprometendo a prescrição de um método eficaz, quando ocorre o retorno dos ciclos ovulatórios. Foram pesquisados no Medline (PubMed) os artigos relacionados ao tema publicados entre 1971 e abril de 2008 e selecionados os artigos relevantes na literatura sobre contracepção no puerpério. Curtos intervalos intergestacionais aumentam complicações maternas e fetais, portanto uma contracepção eficaz no puerpério é imperiosa. O ideal é que o método prescrito seja eficaz e seguro (não interfira na lactação e nem altere o sistema hemostático). Apesar do método contraceptivo da lactação-amenorréia representar um método eficaz de prevenção de gestação, o retorno à fertilidade é impreciso. Em populações de risco para intervalo intergestacional curto e/ou acesso difícil ao serviço de saúde, outros métodos deverão ser associados após seis semanas, como os não hormonais ou os de progestagênios isolados, podendo ser utilizados antes em situações especiais.

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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de são Caetano do Sul

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Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo exploratório que utilizou uma abordagem combinada quantitativa e qualitativa para caracterizar as famílias de crianças em situação de violência intrafamiliar, atendidas pela “Equipe de Proteção às Crianças Vítimas de Maus-tratos e Violência Sexual”, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), no ano de 1999. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um roteiro estruturado elaborado pela pesquisadora, constituído de quatro dimensões pré-estabelecidos – sócioeconômica, estrutura e funcionamento familiar, situação atual do abuso do contexto familiar e história pregressa da família – preenchido através dos prontuários e protocolos das crianças atendidas no HCPA. Os dados quantificáveis foram analisados com auxílio da estatística descritiva, e os qualitativos pelo método de análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin (2000). Assim formaram sete categorias: organização familiar, relacionamento familiar, percepção dos adultos sobre a criança vítima de violência, justificativas de utilização da violência, ações maternas frente à violência, motivos da procura do serviço de saúde e a trajetória da família na instituição hospitalar. A maioria das famílias pesquisadas possuíam precária inserção sócioeconômica com baixo nível de escolaridade, desempregadas, inseridas no mercado formal e/ou informal. Eram predominantes da região central de Porto Alegre, demonstrando uma diversidade de arranjos e fragilidade nas relações familiares, com confusão de papéis e disputa de autoridade. Algumas famílias registraram ausência da figura paterna Características importantes constatadas entre os adultos: progenitores adolescentes, jovens, vivendo responsabilidade de adulto, o elevado padrão do uso abusivo de drogas, presença de aleitamento materno e gravidez não desejada. Houve um predomínio de negligência em relação a outras formas de violência praticadas, sendo que o ato violento foi cometido de forma intencional, mas o agressor não apresentava justificativa para o fato. A mãe configurou-se como a maior agressora e, simultaneamente, a principal cuidadora da criança. Nesse estudo, a criança mais atingida foi a do sexo masculino, raça branca, evidenciando lesão e apresentando longo período de convivência com o agressor que sempre era alguém muito próximo a ela. As famílias envolvidas procuraram atendimento de forma espontânea, mas a queixa de violência estava implícita. A pesquisa permitiu contextualizar a violência como social e histórica, presente em larga escala na sociedade brasileira uma sociedade desigual na qual se pratica violência dentro da família contra a criança, legitimando uma forma de poder estruturante nas relações sociais e na interação com fatores individuais econômicos e culturais. Assim, verificou-se a fundamental importância da atuação do enfermeiro no enfrentamento da problemática questão da violência intrafamiliar contra a criança.

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Dificuldades na prevenção do HIV/AIDS em relacionamentos heterossexuais estáveis recomendam estudos deslocando o foco do individual para o interacional. Entrevistou-se 15 casais heterossexuais, que realizaram conjuntamente testagem voluntária em serviço de saúde pública. Foram realizados dois estudos: o Estudo 1 explora aspectos da motivação para a realização da testagem sorológica, conhecimentos sobre HIV/AIDS e susceptibilidade percebida; o Estudo 2 descreve e analisa práticas preventivas adotadas nos períodos anterior e posterior à testagem para HIV. Os dados foram analisados através de procedimentos qualitativo-fenomenológicos: descrição qualitativa, análise indutiva ou temática e análise crítica ou interpretação. Os resultados indicam que padrões relacionais entre gêneros e dificuldade na relação conjugal influenciam a vivência da suscetibilidade de infecção e a adoção de práticas preventivas. Os riscos de infecção são negados ou desvalorizados, mesmo em casais sorodiscordantes, por dificuldades com o tema sexualidade e por padrões de comportamento de gênero: homens expõem-se a risco para afirmar sua masculinidade; mulheres para manter relacionamentos afetivos. Implicações para prevenção são discutidas, destacando a importância do desenvolvimento de intervenções com ambos os cônjuges que levem em conta dinâmicas dos relacionamentos e formas de comunicação necessárias para construção e manutenção de comportamentos preventivos.

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O estudo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os motivos pelos quais os usuários utilizam o pronto atendimento de um Centro de Saúde e analisar a organização do trabalho nesse serviço, identificando como se dão o acesso, o acolhimento e o vínculo de usuários ao Sistema de Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação livre, por amostragem de tempo. O foco de observação foi a organização do processo de trabalho e o atendimento prestado aos usuários que obtiveram algum tipo de atendimento no Serviço de Pronto Atendimento, no período de agosto, outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2003. A análise dos dados teve uma abordagem dialética. Os dados obtidos foram classificados em estruturas de relevância e, posteriormente, agrupados em dois núcleos: as demandas do pronto atendimento; organização do trabalho e a utilização de tecnologias leves. O processo de trabalho no pronto atendimento está organizado para atender a algumas das necessidades de saúde da população, respondendo, dentro de limites, à finalidade de tratar a queixa principal, encaminhando os usuários, quando necessário, para as referências nos diferentes níveis de complexidade, normatizados na hierarquização do Sistema de Saúde. O acolhimento está presente nas ações dos profissionais, mas ainda é pouco explorado como estratégia de ampliação de acesso e vínculo com o Sistema. Os principais motivos pelos quais os usuários procuraram o serviço foram: situações graves e de risco, queixas agudas que envolviam desconforto físico e emocional, necessidades pontuais caracterizadas como não urgentes, atendimento complementar ao recebido em outros serviços de saúde e vínculo com o próprio serviço. Ficou evidenciado que para os usuários a procura por um serviço de saúde é diferente daquela identificada pelo trabalhador. O usuário busca o pronto atendimento para resolução de necessidades que lhe trazem dificuldade e desconforto; para os trabalhadores, as necessidades do usuário são definidas com base no modelo biológico e na organização do Sistema.

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CARVALHO FILHO, Antonio M. et al. Estudo qualitativo sobre resíduos sólidos e perfuro-cortantes no município de Itaguatins, TO. Educação Ambiental em Ação, v. 28, 2009

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The present study analyzes the conceptions and the nursing workers' practices about the relationship between vaccination and biosecurity in a public hospital of reference in communicable diseases in Natal/RN. It is treated, therefore, of a exploratory/descriptive study with qualitative and quantitative approach. They were constituted as collaborators of the research twenty-two nursing professionals, being five nurses, three auxiliary and fourteen technicians in nursing. The information were obtained through the interview technique with semi-structured route. In the quantitative approach, the information were analyzed by statistics and presented in form of tables and graphs to characterize the workers and the aspects related to the vaccination situation of the same ones; and in the qualitative approach, we used the method of content analysis. The analysis was accomplished starting from the categories empiric coming from the process of analysis of the field material, measure through inferences and interpretations based on the authors studied in the theoretical referential of the research. Starting from the analysis of the results, we verified that the nursing interviewees' workers establish in a clear way and it aims at, in your speeches, a direct relationship between vaccination and biosecurity besides attributing a meaning of great importance with relationship to the use of the vaccines in your professional lives in what refers to the control and decrease of the risks, above all the biological ones, to the which are exposed in the daily exercise of your functions. However, when analyzing those workers' vaccination situation, we verified that the vaccination covering still meets on this side of the expected for the vaccines of occupational interest, with prominence just for the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus and to against hepatitis B, that presented coverings considered very good and above the national average. Considering that the institution, although has a service of health occupational active and offer some vaccines of occupational interest, it still presents a work of little mobilization in what refers to the consciousness and the workers' permanent education with relationship to the need and importance of the occupational vaccination, not only for your workers' protection, as well as measure in the infection control and, therefore, as safety for your patients/clients. We understood that that work type didn't still become politics guided by ministries of Health or of the Labor, however, it falls to the institutions that work for the interest of the workers' health to struggle for all and any action and mobilization that have as objective protects the workers of the risks in your work atmosphere

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Comprehending social representations of users relatives of Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) from Natal-RN, about their participation in the activities of these services, was the purpose of this study. The research instrument used was a semi-structured interview, led to 28 relatives of users of East and West CAPS II, East and North CAPS-ad, involved in the Relative Therapeutic Group, in Relative Meeting, in the Assembly of Users, Technicians and Relatives, according to the therapeutic schedule of each health services, between August to November 2007. Data obtained in family and users identification were characterized with the aid of charts and boards in absolute and/or percentage values. The discursive material from the guide from interviews was submitted to the informational resource ALCESTE (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d'un Ensemble of Segments of Texte), and analyzed on the basis of the Theory of Social Representations and Central Nucleus Theory. Most of the relatives were women, married, aged over 50 years, who participated for more than two years in CAPS activities, and a coexistence of more than 11 years with the user. From the classification system of ALCESTE were selected categories, identified by: Category 1, Treatment Improvements and Expectations; Category 2, Living User Before and After; Category 3, Activities Relevance, Contradictions and Suggestions; Category 4, Guidelines -- Psychopharmacology and Medicalization; Category 5, Family Participation and Activities; and Category 6, Therapeutic Conditions Thanks, Tips and Vulnerability. The social representation of the family exists in the desire for change, identifying that we need to promote change by the continuity of therapeutic activities and overcome the detected inconsistencies, targeted by strengthening and by the stability of improvements in living and health conditions of users, experienced in CAPS treatment. The central nucleus had corresponded to positive changes in health and living conditions of users, and the peripheral elements were constituted by family conducts before and during treatment, and the expectations of changes in activities, especially in workshops. Despite this family participation be considered important, it still does not meet conditions to promote the inclusion of family, under an emancipating point of view, capable of causing in subject the hope for autonomy, initiative, individual and collective growths, a closer and active involvement in therapeutic activities, in workshops and discussions

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Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that contributes to the country´s high cardiovascular morbi-mortality rates. Considering that hypertension affects individuals in their most productive age while facing work and living risk factors, it is important to investigate its occurrence and predisposing factors in different occupational segments. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of hypertension among workers attended to in a medical service of a public university, their hypertension levels, the risk factors present, and their knowledge of the factors that influence the arterial pressure. The epidemiologic study was conducted in the Health Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with 102 workers that sought care in the medical clinic during the months of March to May 2009. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and measurements of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP) that were classified in stages according to the Brazilian Society of Hypertension and the degree of risk for cardiovascular events according to the criteria of the Brazilian Society for Cardiology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The workers were, on average, 54 years of age; the majority (67%) was male and had primary or middle educational level; they worked mainly in supplemental units and deanship offices conducting different functions such as security guards, administrative assistants, health auxiliaries and constructions workers; 48 (47%) of the workers identified themselves as hypertensive for 8 years on average, with the majority executing hard labor and administrative functions. Among the workers with hypertension, the number of the pressure levels classified as pre-hypertensive, stage I and II were: (12% in the SAP and 20% in the DAP); (16% in the SAP and 9% in the DAP); and (15% in the SAP and 5% in the DAP), respectively. The workers that did not identify themselves as hypertensive presented classifications with greater frequencies were: normal (16% in the SAP and 30% in the DAP); and pre-hypertensive (21% in the SAP and 16% in the DAP). The risk factors identified in more than 50% of the workers were: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and indices of being overweight, although physical activities are also present. Of the 48 workers diagnosed as hypertensive, those that had 5 risk factors present and limitrophic pressure levels (12%), in stage I hypertension (16%) and stage II hypertension (15¨%) were categorized as being in high risk for vascular events. The number of workers that indicated they had knowledge of the factors that influence their hypertension was less than 39% for each factor. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in the university workers, even amongst those already under treatment. They constitute a population at risk considering their age group, their work functions, and their inadequate life habits. Health care of these hypertensive workers that seek attention in the Health Department is an important aspect of the internal workers health policy in the institution. Educational interventions are recommended for the improvement of quality of life and of work in these workers

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The demographic and epidemiological transition process caused by a declining in birth rates and in mortality, also changes occurred in morbidity and mortality is represented by the increasing of the aging population and the raising of chronic diseases. These diseases are characterized by multiple etiologies, risk factors, long latency period, a prolonged evolution, non-infectious origin and it has association with functional impairment and disability. Thus, elderly with chronic non-communicable disease has priority because they belong to a vulnerable group to get affection of comorbidities in aging, with increased demand and spending on health services. This study is aimed to analyse the understanding of elderly people with chronic non comunicable disease in the medium complexity service as a contribution to the improvement of health care in the city of Natal / RN. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, carried out at the Specialized Center for Elderly Health Care and at the Pescadores Hospital. The population was composed of 4,180 persons with a sample of 124 elderly aged above 60 years, attended in these medium complexity services. The instrument, a structured form, adapted from a questionnaire for monitoring risk and protective factors for chronic disease of the Ministry of Health. To collect data was was used the interview form containing demographic data, habits, health status and health care services. The results were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 18.0, analyzed by simple statistics. It was found that most seniors were female, predominantly between 70 and 74 years old, married, with a brown skin tone and Catholic religion, more than half had incomplete basic education, family income between one to two minimum wages and living with their families. Regarding the interviewers lifestyle, 94.4%, of them ate chicken and 97.6%, fruits, it was observed a reduction in smoking, alcoholism habits and physical activity according to the increasing age, 58.1 and 18.5% had insomnia18,5 % used sleeping pills. The elderly (51.6%) reported using services in times of sickness, seeking primary care at first (30.6%), 52% did not receive referral and was looking for free demand (38.7%). The most reported morbidity was hypertension, followed by musculoskeletal disorders. Regarding the difficulties in seeking health services, the delay in treatment and the waiting line were the most cited by the elderly. Almost all of them reported no activities to promote health in these services and those who received individual counseling on chronic diseases. Almost always, the health professionals who care of them, were mostly doctors followed by nurses. Based on the results presented, it is considered that the health services of medium complexity must undergone a more continuous dialogue with other attention level and focus on actions of health promotion and prevention. It is also recommended the necessity for qualified professionals to delivery health care to elderly and the implementation of protocols by a multidisciplinary health team, intending to provide better and continous care for the elderly with chronic diseases. The healthcare professionals who served them, were mostly physicians, followed by nurses. Through the results presented, it is considered that the medium complexity healthcare services need to perform a more continuous dialogue with the other levels of attention focusing attention to the health promotion and prevention actions. It is also recommended the necessity for qualified professionals to delivery healthcare for the elderly, in addition, a protocol implementation for the multidisciplinary health care team, to provide better care, and also the care continuity to elderly with chronic diseases

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This dissertation has as aim the praxis of co-management of the health service of CAPS II OESTE of Natal-RN, where health workers, family members got to materialize guidelines and principles of psychiatric Brazilian reform in real possibilities of subjectivity construction, whereas they changed social relations in daily life. The path chosen to record was from testimonials and contributions of those who meant their done. Redeeming this story from social representations of the majority of their builders was an instigating, delicate and rewarding task, emphasizing the living memory, rebuilt in a line of time which could not be found in simple documentary collections. Mainly, by knowing that service routine was intense and had as characteristic the singular mobility itself from a creation process and therefore not always its dynamic allowed adequate records. At the same time, from this occurred the field and bibliographic research which allowed the detailed information from the prior milestones and motivated to the practice here reported. The rereading of concepts in an interface with the reports of the interviewees enabled the verification that the model of mental health advocated by psychiatric reform was understood. Once noticed the presence of the beliefs and values of people in motivating energy for the progress of reform, it has gone to fetch theoretical subsidies of administrative order to understand how they saw this building and that uniqueness has been printed. The theoretical way and praxis have tracked here has allowed to analyze how occurred such a process of production and subjectivity and collectives that when organize enabled themselves for analysis and intervention, including in crisis situations. Therefore, it was revealed that ethical and multi-disciplinarity, the humanitarian sense, the coresponsibility, co-production and horizontal management were the key factors for spread from a changing protagonist. One can thus conclude that co-management from that collective has been multi-disciplinary weaving a cross

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For a complete comprehension of the effect of tooth loss is necessary to listen to the patients that have it. This study, of qualitative approach, investigate, in the dental history of users of SUS, listening to his/her experiences with the services of dental care, the reason that lead his/her to dental lost and the repercussion of this in his/her life. The collect of data was made by narrative interview, obeying to a pre-defined schema. The subjects interviewed were six (three of urban zone and three of rural zone), all of them were users of Family Health Units. The criterions of inclusion were the followings: the presence of tooth lost (total lost in both dental arch or in one of them, or partial lost in at least six elements in one of the arches); age between 25 and 59; male or female; to live in municipal district of São Tomé/RN or Natal/RN. Based on previous interviews was elaborated the odontological history of each patient. Such narratives, systemized in odontological history, were analyzed taking as base the studies of Souza71 and the proposal of Schutze, suggested for Jovchelovitch, Bauer34. The results show that toothache was the main reason for the search of odontological care. The patients confront the ache with home-made medicaments, allopathic ones, and searching for dental care. The searching for exodontics was stimulated for geographic access difficulties or for repressed demand, which as a result produced the aggravation of the lesions and the discredit in restoration s treatment. The self-care practice of tooth-brush with juá or toothpaste and the controlled ingestion of sugar was not sufficient to avoid dental lost. Guilty sentiments were identified in relation with lack of care with teeth. The acceptance of dental lost as a natural factor is an important motivation in lack of pain and in the belief that it was a simple part of life in old age. Life with dental prosthesis makes clear the difference between which was natural and which was unnatural, and difficulties with the prosthesis appeared. The limitation of the prosthesis in its functional aspect can be compensated by esthetic restitution, making possible smiling expression. Starting with this study and considering the high number of dental lost, mainly in low-rent population, which live with toothless limitations or bad-quality prosthesis which do not rehabilitate adequately, we suggested the realization of qualitative researches which include, also, another actors in heath care services such as professionals and administrators