1000 resultados para Redução de demanda
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o uso de vestimenta de proteção radiológica e a diminuição da dose absorvida de radiação ionizante, reforçando a eficácia do seu uso tanto para pacientes quanto para indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se o método de revisão integrativa de literatura, e teve como materiais: 21 artigos, 2 livros, 1 tese, 1 trabalho de conclusão de curso, 1 programa de computador, 4 pesquisas em base de dados (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde) e 2 diretrizes de proteção radiológica. RESULTADOS: A utilização da vestimenta de proteção radiológica, teoricamente, reduz 86% a 99% a dose absorvida. Na prática, a redução nos pacientes pode ser de 88% na radiologia convencional e chegar a 95% no exame tomográfico. Nos indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos, a redução durante um cateterismo cardíaco é em torno de 90% e durante uma cirurgia ortopédica é de 75%. CONCLUSÃO: Conforme demonstrado em várias pesquisas, o uso de vestimenta de proteção radiológica é eficaz e de baixo custo e reduz a dose desnecessária nos pacientes e nos indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos. Logo, sua utilização é necessária para a implementação de um efetivo programa de proteção radiológica em um serviço de radiodiagnóstico.
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El següent treball correspon a un estudi de mercat que parteix de la hipòtesis de que a la Catalunya central hi ha les condicions per crear la demanda d’un nou producte esportiu, unes botes de futbol per entrenadors que garanteixin la comoditat en condicions climatològiques adverses mantenint les seves prestacions tècniques. L’estudi s’ha proposat conèixer les condicions per introduir un nou producte al mercat dels entrenadors de futbol. Es pretén definir les necessitats a cobrir i la predisposició del mercat a adquirir el nou producte. Per fer-ho s’han analitzat mitjançant enquestes i entrevistes a entrenadors de les comarques del Bages, Berguedà, Osona i Solsona. Finalment el document indica que en aquesta zona hi ha una bona predisposició a l’entrada del nou producte ja que cobriria unes necessitats que cap altre producte té en compte actualment.
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Objetivo:Diversos estudos foram publicados quanto ao uso de blindagens de bismuto para proteção de mamas em exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC), e até a redação deste artigo encontrou-se apenas uma publicação sobre blindagens de bário. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar, pela primeira vez, uma manta plumbífera para proteção de mamas.Materiais e Métodos:Foram avaliadas a redução percentual da dose e a influência desta blindagem em parâmetros quantitativos da imagem. Medidas de dose foram feitas em um equipamento de TC com auxílio de fantomas específicos e detectores de radiação. Um software de processamento auxiliou na análise qualitativa, que consistiu em avaliar a variação no número médio de TC e do ruído nas imagens.Resultados:Uma redução de dose na entrada em até 30% e do CTDIvol em até 17% foi encontrada. Como previsto na literatura, a presença do algodão como objeto espaçador reduziu significativamente os artefatos presentes na imagem. Em todas as medidas realizadas foi constatado aumento do número médio de TC e do ruído das imagens na presença da manta.Conclusão:Como esperado, os dados encontrados para a blindagem com chumbo foram da mesma ordem daqueles encontrados na literatura para blindagem com bismuto.
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In this paper some studies concerning the electroreduction of Mo(VI) in sulphuric acid solutions are described. We have shown that at suitable experimental conditions very stable molybdenum oxide films can be electrochemically deposited at glassy carbon electrodes, the reduction of bromate occurring at less negative potentials on the modified surface. Coulometric experiments have shown that bromide is not the only product of the catalytic bromate reduction by the molybdenum film and species like BrO2 may have part in this process. Based on chronoamperometric curves recorded at -0.60 V, analytical curves have been obtained for the reduction of bromate in the 0.1 - 0.8 mM range, a limit of detection of 20 µM for bromate being determined.
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The strong reducing action of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are of fundamental interest in biochemical and related process. The oxidation of ascorbic acid by molecular oxygen and others oxidants are of fundamental importance, involving the intervention of transition metal ions as catalysts and the formation transition metal complexes of ascorbic acid as intermediates. The present article is intended to cover some aspects of the reactions of ascorbic acid and related compounds involving some transition metal ions.
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In the selective reduction procedure proposed by Magos SnCl2 was used as reductant for inorganic mercury while total mercury was determined after reduction with a mixture of SnCl2 and CdCl2. The difference between total mercury and inorganic mercury determines the content of organic mercury. The procedure of the present work differs of Magos in that the mercury vapour is carried to the absorption cell after magnetic stirring of the solution in the reaction flask; in the Magos procedure, mercury vapour is carried by bubbling the gas in to the solution. In contrast to the Magos procedure this slight modification overcame the necessity of at calibration by analyte addition, saving time and gainning accuracy.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio de mejora de la demanda energética de un edificio plurifamiliar de dos viviendas en Binéfar. Para ello, en este estudio pretende se analiza la demanda actual del edificio y se proponen una serie soluciones encaminadas a reducir y mejorar los valores de esta demanda poniendo en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos en las asignaturas de Construcción Sostenible de la titulación de Grado en Arquitectura Técnica.
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The kinetic parameters for the CO oxidation reaction using copper/alumina-modified ceria as catalysts were determined. The catalysts with different concentrations of the metals were prepared using impregnation methods. In addition, the reduction-oxidation behaviour of the catalysts were investigated by temperature-programmed reduction. The activity results show that the mechanism for CO oxidation is bifunctional : oxygen is activated on the anionic vacancies of ceria surface, while carbon monoxide is adsorbed preferentially on the higher oxidation copper site. Therefore, the reaction occurs on the interfacial active centers. Temperatures-programmed Reduction patterns show a higher disperdion when cerium oxide is present.
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Despite the fact that boranes are frequently used in amide reductions, the reaction mechanisms of the involved are note well known. This work presents the results of a bibliographic search on probable amide reduction mechanisms and an analysis of the existing literature. Steric and electronic effects were considered in light of reactivity since it could be concluded that the formation of intermediates and products depends mainly on the substitution patterns of both the boron and nitrogen atoms. Otherwise, results described in the literature for the reactions of boranes, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, alkylboranes or haloboranes with others functional groups such as carboxylic acids, esters, ketones and alkenes were analysed with the aim to obtain something about the N-substituted amide reactions employing boranes.
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Aquest projecte pretén mostrar l'estudi previ realitzat per crear una pàgina web dedicada a la canalització de l'oferta i la demanda d'esdeveniments.
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New methodologies for protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (FP) cells when supported in montmorillonite K10 (K10), recovered or not with gelatin (G) and in the presence or absence of sucrose (S) are presented. These systems were used for the enantioselective reduction of ethyl acetoacetate and a-chloroacetophenone in hexane, under FP/K10/G/S and FP/S at 20ºC during 24 hours, affording S-(+)-ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate in 100% conversion and 99% ee, and R-(-)-2-chloro-1-phenylethanol 79% and 78% ee at 20 and 30 ºC, respectivelly.
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The abatement of recalcitrant lignin macromolecules from effluents of pulp and paper industry was investigated by combined process. Flocculation and coagulation with aluminum sulfate and natural polyelectrolytes extracted from cactus Cereus peruvianus were used in the first step. After separation of solid residues by filtration, the photochemical methods using TiO2 as catalyst were employed for photocatalytic degradation of lignin compounds from solution. The abatement of lignin compounds after flocculation and coagulation was 46%, and after the overall process, the pollutants reduction observed were 66%. The remaining organic compounds may be removed by any biological treatment.
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The importance of chiral alcohols as starting materials for the production of fine chemicals and as useful chirons for the building of several interesting molecules or natural products is reported. The useful and common methods of asymmetric reduction such as the chemical (with organoboron or organoaluminum reagents) and the catalytic ones (with ruthenium or rhodium complexes) for preparation of chiral alcohols are described; even the newer and much more rare electrocatalytic methods are reported.
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A series of seven Schiff bases have been synthesized from 3,3-diphenylpropilamine and substituted benzaldehydes. These imines were treated with NaBH4 in ethanol affording the corresponding amines in 98-55% yields. A molecular modeling study was performed with the Schiff bases in order to compare the theoretical parameters with the experimental results. The theoretical parameters were obtained by AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods. The analysis of charge, electron densities and LUMO coefficients suggested that the most favorable interactions should occur with Schiff bases containing electron-donating groups, in accordance with experimental yields, showing that the higher reactivity is due to higher electrophilic character of imine carbons.
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The exhaust emissions of vehicles greatly contribute to environmental pollution. Diesel engines are extremely fuel-efficient. However, the exhaust compounds emitted by diesel engines are both a health hazard and a nuisance to the public. This paper gives an overview of the emission control of particulates from diesel exhaust compounds. The worldwide emission standards are summarized. Possible devices for reducing diesel pollutants are discussed. It is clear that after-treatment devices are necessary. Catalytic converters that collect particulates from diesel exhaust and promote the catalytic burn-off are examined. Finally, recent trends in diesel particulate emission control by novel catalysts are presented.