La participación de los artesanos quiteños en la política ecuatoriana entre 1929 y 1933

Entre los años 1929 y 1933, en una época de transición histórica y de crisis económica y política, al final del reformismo juliano e inicios del velasquismo, los maestros de talleres artesanales quiteños organizados en sus gremios, y los aprendices, operarios y trabajadores autónomos en el marco de las organizaciones mutuales y en tránsito hacia las formas sindicales, ingresaron en la política nacional en medio de la multitud que ocupaba los espacios públicos. Construyeron una agenda política que recogió sus demandas específicas y las aspiraciones, visiones y mentalidad de los distintos sectores. Interpelaron al Estado y a las élites y enfrentaron al poder utilizando variadas formas de lucha: asambleas, peticiones y demandas a las autoridades; participación en elecciones locales y nacionales; movilizaciones, paros, huelgas parciales y generales y resistencia armada. De esta manera,contribuyeron al proceso de formación histórica de la clase obrera ecuatoriana.

«Dios, patria y libertad»: artesanos quiteños y política 1929-1933

Entre los años 1929 y 1933, los maestros, los operarios y los aprendices de los talleres artesanales quiteños ingresaron en la política nacional en medio de la multitud que ocupaba los espacios públicos. Construyeron una agenda política con demandas específicas y generales para expresar su identidad y sus aspiraciones. Utilizaron diversas formas de lucha, como asambleas, peticiones y demandas a las autoridades; y participaron en elecciones locales y nacionales, movilizaciones, huelgas parciales, huelgas generales y la acción armada para interpelar a las élites y enfrentarse al Estado. Así contribuyeron al proceso de formación histórica de la clase obrera ecuatoriana. Aquí unas páginas sobre esta historia, escritas en diálogo con periódicos de la época, hojas volantes y otros documentos, contestimonios de testigos y con los aportes realizados por quienes se han ocupado del tema, desde la historia y otras ciencias sociales.

Burnt offerings and harpies at Nasidienus’ dinner-party (Horace, Satires 2.8)

Horace's last Satire describes a disastrous dinner party hosted by the gourmet Nasidienus, which is ruined by a collapsing tapestry. The food served afterwards is presented in a dismembered state. This chapter argues that several elements of the scene recall the greedy Harpies of Apollonius' Argonautica, and that Horace's friend Virgil shows the influence of this Satire in his own Harpy-scene in Aeneid 3. It also argues that the confusion in the middle of the dinner causes the food cooking in the kitchen to be neglected and burned. This explains the state of the subsequent courses, which Nasidienus has salvaged from a separate disaster backstage.

Orde Wingate in the Sudan, 1928-1933: Formative Experiences of the Chindit Commander

This short paper looks at Orde Wingate's role in armed policing and counter-bandit operations in Sudan during his time with the Sudan Defence Force.

The fractured lives of German Bohemian children, born 1933-40 in the area known as Sudetenland: a memory study, Nablonz-Neugablonz

At the Paris Peace Conferences of 1918-1919, new states aspiring to be nation-states were created for 60 million people, but at the same time 25 million people found themselves as ethnic minorities. This change of the old order in Europe had a considerable impact on one such group, more than 3 million Bohemian German-speakers, later referred to as Sudeten Germans. After the demise of the Habsburg Empire In 1918, they became part of the new state of Czechoslovakia. In 1938, the Munich Agreement – prelude to the Second World War – integrated them into Hitler’s Reich; in 1945-1946 they were expelled from the reconstituted state of Czechoslovakia. At the centre of this War Child case study are German children from the Northern Bohemian town and district, formerly known as Gablonz an der Neisse, famous for exquisite glass art, now Jablonec nad Nisou in the Czech Republic. After their expulsion they found new homes in the post-war Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, testimonies have been drawn upon of some Czech eyewitnesses from the same area, who provided their perspective from the other side, as it were. It turned out to be an insightful case study of the fate of these communities, previously studied mainly within the context of the national struggle between Germans and Czechs. The inter-disciplinary research methodology adopted here combines history and sociological research to demonstrate the effect of larger political and social developments on human lives, not shying away from addressing sensitive political and historical issues, as far as these are relevant within the context of the study. The expellees started new lives in what became Neugablonz in post-war Bavaria where they successfully re-established the industries they had had to leave behind in 1945-1946. Part 1 of the study sheds light on the complex Czech-German relationship of this important Central European region, addressing issues of democracy, ethnicity, race, nationalism, geopolitics, economics, human geography and ethnography. It also charts the developments leading to the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia after 1945. What is important in this War Child study is how the expellees remember their history while living as children in Sudetenland and later. The testimony data gained indicate that certain stereotypes often repeated within the context of Sudeten issues such as the confrontational nature of inter-ethnic relations are not reflected in the testimonies of the respondents from Gablonz. In Part 2 the War Child Study explores the memories of the former Sudeten war children using sociological research methods. It focuses on how they remember life in their Bohemian homeland and coped with the life-long effects of displacement after their expulsion. The study maps how they turned adversity into success by showing a remarkable degree of resilience and ingenuity in the face of testing circumstances due to the abrupt break in their lives. The thesis examines the reasons for the relatively positive outcome to respondents’ lives and what transferable lessons can be deduced from the results of this study.

Drizzle and Fog Analysis in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area: Changes 1933-2005 and Correlations with other Climate Factors

In order to improve our understanding of climate change, the aim of this research project was to study the climatology and the time trends of drizzle and fog events in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, and the possible connections of this variability with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The climatology of both phenomena presents differences and similarities. Fog shows a marked maximum frequency in winter and a minimum frequency in summer, while the seasonal differences of drizzle occurrence are less pronounced, there is a maximum in spring, whereas the other seasons present smaller and similar numbers of events. Both phenomena present a negative trend from 1933 to 2005 which is stronger for fog events. A multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the South Atlantic SST could increase warm temperature advection to the continent. This could be one of the responsible factors for the negative tendency in the number of both fog and drizzle events.