NANOLOCALIZED SINGLE CELL MEMBRANE NANOELECTROPORATION

Today single cell research is a great interest to analyze cell to cell or cell to environment behavior with their intracellular compounds, where bulk measurement can provide average value. To deliver biomolecules precise and localized way into single living cell with high transfection rate and high cell viability is a challenging and promisible task for biological and therapeutic research. In this report, we present a nano-localized single cell nano-electroporation technique, where electroporation take place in a very precise and localized area on a single cell membrane to achieve high efficient delivery with high cell viability. We fabricated 60nm gap with 40 nm triangular Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) based nano-eletcrode tip, which can intense electric field in a nano-localized area of a single cell to permeabilize cell membrane and deliver exogenous biomolecules from outside to inside of the cell. This device successfully deliver dyes, proteins into single cell with high cell viability (98%). The process not only control precise delivery mechanism into single cell with membrane reversibility, but also it can provide special, temporal and qualitative dosage control, which might be beneficial for therapeutic and biological cell studies.

Capability approach-based evaluation of a biomass cook-stove design

What is the scope and responsibilities of design? This work partially answers this by employing a normative approach to design of a biomass cook stove. This study debates on the sufficiency of existing design methodologies in the light of a capability approach. A case study of a biomass cook stove Astra Ole has elaborated the theoretical constructs of capability approach, which, in turn, has structured insights from field to evaluate the product. Capability approach based methodology is also prescriptively used to design the mould for rapid dissemination of the Astra Ole.

Revenue management in remanufacturing: perspectives, review of current literature and research directions

The pace of development in the world has increased over the years and with it, the use of hi-tech gadgets, consumer durables, automobiles, etc. has also gone up. In this context, as resources become more and more scarce, there are multiple challenges that emerge both from a sustainable development perspective, and from the perspective of meeting profitability objectives of a firm. Remanufacturing has come up in a big way as an answer to these challenges, but firms are struggling with respect to revenue management of this nascent area. We assess the current literature and distil the key factors that firms need to consider as they assimilate remanufacturing in their operations and revenue management strategy. We provide an assessment of white spaces in research in this area and also outline the directions for future research.

Assessment of the contribution of surface roughness to airframe noise

The generation of sound by turbulent boundary-layer flow at low Mach number over a rough wall is investigated by applying a theoretical model that describes the scattering of the turbulence near field into sound by roughness elements. Attention is focused on the numerical method to approximately quantify the absolute level of far-field radiated roughness noise. Models for the source statistics are obtained by scaling smooth-wall data by the increased skin friction velocity and boundary-layer thickness for a rough surface. Numerical integration is performed to determine the roughness noise, and it reproduces the spectral characteristics of the available empirical formula and experimental data. Experiments are conducted to measure the radiated sound from two rough plates in an open jet The measured noise spectra of the rough plates are above that of a smooth plate in 1-2.5 kHz frequency and exhibit reasonable agreement with the predicted level. Estimates of the roughness noise for a Boeing 757 sized aircraft wing with idealized levels of surface roughness show that hi the high-frequency region the sound radiated from surface roughness may exceed that from the trailing edge, and higher overall sound pressure levels are observed for the roughness noise. The trailing edge noise is also enhanced by surface roughness somewhat A parametric study indicates that roughness height and roughness density significantly affect the roughness noise with roughness height having the dominant effect The roughness noise directivity varies with different levels of surface roughness. Copyright © 2007 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sustitución parcial de base proteica comercial por harina de semilla de algodón en alimentación de cerdos en período de crecimiento

Con el objetivo de darle un mayor aprovechamiento a la harina de semilla de algodón se hizo un experimento con 20 cerdos de la raza DurocJersey cruzados con cerdas Hi-Lecn, estos fueron cuatro lotes de cinco cerdos cada uno, los cuales fueron alimentados durante el periodo de crecimiento, con cuatro raciones diferentes a base de maíz, sorgo (40% y 40%), maíz (80%) y sorgo (80%) y maíz y sorgo (40% y 40%) para las raciones N°s. 1,2,3 y 4 respectivamente. Con base proteica en proporciones del (20%), (10%), (10%), (10%) para las raciones 1, 2, 3 y 4 respectivamente y con harina de semilla de algondon en un 10% para las raciones 2, 3 y 4. Los cerdos del lote n°1 fueron los que respondieron mejor al tipo de alimentación suplida. La ración dada a estos cerdos no contenía harina de semilla de algodon y tuvieron un aumento de peso promedio semanal de 6.36 lbs. El lote n°2, que tenia como base de maíz, fue el que menor respuesta dio a la alimentación y tuvo un aumento de peso promedio semanal de 5.13 lbs. La eficiencia alimenticia o factor de conversión estuvo en relación directa con la respuesta a la alimentación. Así los cerdos del lote n°1 tuvieron una eficiencia de 3.52; los cerdos del lote n°2 que alcanzaron el menor peso total (75.2 lbs.) tuvieron una eficiencia de 4.36. Los cerdos que mayor ganancia de peso presentaron al final del experimento fueron los del lote n°1 con una ganancia de peso promedio por cerdo de 38.2 lbs. y el que menores ganancias presento fueron los del lote n°2 con 30.8 lbs. El análisis estadístico de los resultados mostró que había diferencia significativa entre las diferentes raciones, siendo la 1,4,3, estadisticamente iguales y la 3 y 2 también iguales entre si, siendo las primeras, mejores que las segundas. Se concluyo que la harina de semilla de algondon puede sustituirse parcialmente a la base proteica comercial, hasta en un 10% de la ración total, siendo esta sustitución bastante rentable económicamente y sin presentar síntomas de intoxicación en los cerdos por el gosipol.