Qualidade do corte basal na colheita mecanizada de cana-de-a����car crua

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

A����es e percep����es de desenvolvimento sustent��vel na emerg��ncia de territ��rios

Neste artigo analisam-se aspectos relativos ��s perspectivas e �� participa����o de atores em processos suscitados pelos desafios do uso social e da conserva����o dos recursos naturais em ��reas protegidas na Amaz��nia Brasileira. No ��mbito de um processo de territorializa����o, observa-se, particularmente, a implanta����o de um projeto de alternativa econ��mica na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel Aman��, Unidade de Conserva����o localizada no Estado do Amazonas. Como s��o percebidas e como e em que condi����es participam grupos sociais - residentes tradicionais, pesquisadores e intervencionistas - informados na id��ia de desenvolvimento sustent��vel, em um contexto de ambientaliza����o, comp��em aqui a quest��o, o desafio, remetendo tanto para a cren��a quanto para as retic��ncias �� promessa do Desenvolvimento.

Metodologia aplicada ao turismo de base comunit��ria em reservas extrativistas: valoriza����o da atratividade tur��stica do Resex - o exemplo de Mapu��, Arquip��lago do Maraj��, Breves/PA

A disserta����o analisa as possibilidades, os limites e os modos de desenvolvimento do Turismo de Base Comunit��ria. Especificamente, discute a proposta de um m��todo para valorar o n��vel de atratividade das comunidades de Reservas Extrativistas para implantar o TBC. Os objetivos espec��ficos foram identificar os elementos de valora����o tur��stica, criar uma metodologia de valora����o da atratividade tur��stica, aplicar esta metodologia nas comunidades de Nossa Senhora de Nazar�� do Lago do Jacar��, Santa Maria e Santa Rita de C��ssia, localizadas na RESEX de Mapu��, Arquip��lago do Maraj��, Estado do Par��, capacitar os pesquisadores (t��cnicos e comunit��rios) e interpretar os dados. As informa����es foram coletadas com base na metodologia da An��lise em Pares, que compreende em levantamento de dados e an��lise a partir de olhares t��cnicos e de membros das comunidades. A pesquisa orienta-se tamb��m pela problem��tica que envolve a discuss��o de como se iniciam os processos de implanta����o de projetos de turismo de base comunit��ria em unidades de conserva����o, particularmente em reservas extrativistas, e como pode ser medido e valorado o n��vel de atratividade tur��stica de RESEX's, a exemplo de Mapu��. A disserta����o revela que as comunidades pesquisadas possuem valora����o adequada para um poss��vel desenvolvimento de projeto de TBC, considerando a possibilidade de sanar determinados gargalos sinalizados nos resultados finais da pesquisa. Diante das evid��ncias expostas, conclui-se que �� poss��vel valorar o n��vel de atratividade tur��stica das reservas extrativistas, por meio de uma metodologia espec��fica para este tipo de unidade de conserva����o, bem como a sua capacidade adaptativa para aplicabilidade em outras ��reas de preserva����o e proteção ambiental.

S��ntese e caracteriza����o de hidr��xidos duplos a partir da lama vermelha

O res��duo do refino da bauxita, comumente conhecido como lama vermelha, tem mostrado ser capaz de ligar metais tra��os tais como o cobre, c��dmio, zinco, cromo, n��quel e chumbo sob condi����es apropriadas. A neutraliza����o da lama vermelha �� necess��ria porque essa lama �� tipicamente c��ustica, com pH em torno de 13. Muitas pesquisas t��m sido desenvolvidas envolvendo a utiliza����o da lama vermelha, porque contem uma s��rie de elementos valiosos. Assim a utiliza����o da lama vermelha como material de constru����o e como adsorvente �� atrativa porque ela �� utilizada em grande quantidade. Nada pode ser feito sem descartar componentes valiosos como tit��nio, zirc��nio e principalmente ferro. A s��ntese de hidrotalcita conectada com a reciclagem de solu����es alcalinas representa uma maneira efetiva de uso dessa solu����o considerando a forte demanda por proteção ambiental no mundo. Os compostos tipo hidrotalcita, precipitados durante a neutraliza����o da lama, tamb��m removem oxi-��nions de metais de transi����o atrav��s da combina����o de intercala����es e adsor����o de esp��cies ani��nicas na sua superf��cie externa. Os hidr��xidos duplos lamelares (HDL) v��m sendo investigados �� muitos anos como materiais hospedeiros para uma variedade de rea����es de intercala����o de anions. A estrutura lamelar dos HDLs pode ser usada para controlar a adi����o ou remo����o de uma variedade de esp��cies qu��micas, tanto org��nicas quanto inorg��nicas. Isto �� alcan��ado atrav��s de sua habilidade de adaptar a separa����o das lamelas de hidr��xidos, e da reatividade da regi��o interlamelar. O material resultante adsorve anions quando colocado em solu����es e reverte a estrutura da hidrotalcita. Avan��os significativos t��m sido alcan��ados recentemente na caracteriza����o desses materiais, incluindo estudos estruturais sobre o mecanismo de intercala����o. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a s��ntese e caracteriza����o de HDLs a partir da lama vermelha, e testar esses materiais como adsorventes de metais pesados.

Prepara����o, caracteriza����o e aplica����o de eletrodos bicomponentes de 'W' / 'WO IND. 3' / 'TIO IND 2' na oxida����o fotoeletrocatal��tica e fotocatal��tica de corantes de cabelos

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Ecologia e conserva����o dos tubar��es do arquip��lago de Fernando de Noronha, com ��nfase no tubar��o-cabe��a-de-cesto Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876) (Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Mudan��as no uso e cobertura da terra na bacia hidrogr��fica do Ribeir��o do Rebojo entre 1971/1972 e 2007/2008. UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema - SP

P��s-gradua����o em Geografia - FCT

Affordances: a rela����o entre agente e ambiente

P��s-gradua����o em Filosofia - FFC

Chironomidae (Diptera) associado �� Eichhornia azurea em seis lagoas marginais ao rio Paranapanema, SP

The family Chironomidae is one of the most important groups within the macroinvertebrate communities, both in density and in richness, and because of its high adaptive value, has a wide distribution on the planet. These and other more specific features of each genus allow the use of this group of biomonitoring studies in the aquatic ecosystem, however, primarily, it is necessary to inventory the aquatic fauna. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic composition of Chironomidae associated with Eichhornia azurea in six lateral lagoons of Paranapanema River, where only five of them have very little information about the aquatic fauna associated with floating macrophytes. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of environmental conditions on the richness and density of this community. Samples (biotic and abiotic) were held in March and August 2009 on the Ivo, Carmo, Sete Ilhas, Barbosa, Po��o da Pedra and Coqueiral lagoons, which are upstream of the Jurumirim Reservoir. Samples with an area of 0.1976 m2 were collected at three banks of E. azurea of each lagoon. Then, they were washed in formaldehyde and water and fixed in 70% alcohol. The identification of morphospecies recorded 38 taxa (32 in March and 37 in August), where the Ivo lagoon is the richest (27 taxa). The density of each group varied according to each pond and is generally Asheum sp., Chironomus sp., Beardius sp., Parachironomus sp., Labrundinia sp., Tanytarsus sp., Ablabesmyia sp. and Polypedilum sp. the most representative. Limnophyes sp., Denopelopia sp., Paratanytarsus sp. and Parametriocnemus sp. were genders in lower density. The Dominance index ranged between 0.1490 (Barbosa Lagoon in March) and 0.4114 (Po��o da Pedra Lagoon in March), and the Diversity Index ranged from 2.08 (Coqueiral Lagoon in March) and 3.58 (Barbosa Lagoon in August). The concentration of dissolved oxygen and pH were the environmental variables most correlated with the groups ...

Estudo etnobiol��gico da intera����o dos pescadores de cerco-fixo com as tartarugas marinhas da regi��o de Canan��ia, litoral sul de S��o Paulo

Marine turtles are reptiles that occur on the Brazilian coast and can travel very large distances between feeding and nesting grounds. Five species found in Brazil are threatened. The consumption of turtle meat and eggs is an ancient habit in many coastal communities around the world. The main causes that threaten these species are the increase in fishing and the drastic changes in the environment. The presence of turtles near the beaches and their accidental capture were reported by fishermen in the region of Canan��ia, where this work was developed. This study was also made based in interviews of fishermen that living in the area and the follow up of their fishing activities. This methodology made possible to identify the turtles in the area, the behavior of the fishermen with these animals and the relation between non-commercial fishing and turtles. The fishing traps area has a direct relation with the capture of turtles. The higher incidence of turtle capture is usually next to islands, rocky coasts, low lands and bay entrances, which are areas where the most common species of the region (Chelonia mydas) normally look for food. The fishermen opinions about the critical situation of these species and their conservation has also been studied. Several programs in Environmental Education for the communities of the region have been recommended

Geotecnologias para an��lise da expans��o urbana e consequ��ncias na APP do C��rrego Olinda - Rio Claro/SP

Despite the current Environmental Legislation resolution, concerning the protection of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), be quite rigid, in practice, is observed noncompliance with the minimum limits of protection, especially in urban areas where, historically, the urbanization processes have been executed without compliance with the minimum standards of urban and environmental planning. Given the above, the present study aimed to analyze the urban sprawl evolution at the Olinda stream APP, located in the city of Rio Claro - SP. By means of the visual interpretation of aerial photographs in the GIS/ARCGIS environment, thematic maps of the urban sprawl of the years 1972, 1995 and 2010, as well as the Olinda Stream APP surroundings, were prepared. From the maps, it was possible to measure the occupation density for each scenario and indicate from which period the urbanization process has intensified. It was also possible to quantify the loss of vegetation area and indicate the major environmental problems in the basin of the Olinda stream. Therefore, the development of this research shows its importance, considering that its results can support the public administration, assisting in proper planning of land use and occupation in urban watersheds

O valor da elabora����o de relat��rios de sustentabilidade para as empresas de minera����o

Sustainability has been moving up on the business agenda in recent decades, and many methods to assess corporate sustainability have already been created. One of the most used and reliable methods is the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Given the importance of sustainability for society and organizations, this study examined sustainability reports published by mining companies ��� Alcoa, Vale and Samarco ��� since 2006. The objective was to verify the indicators that contribute most to the minimization of environmental impacts and the improvement of environmental performance. The methodology consisted of collecting and analyzing data from the GRI sustainability reports. It was discovered that the sustainability reports helped the companies to identify improvement opportunities and it is essential companies provide in their reports an economic, environmental and social context of their activities. Furthermore, it was found out that the indicators related to atmospheric emissions, solid waste generation, environmental protection expenditure, and the consumption of raw materials, energy and water are the ones more attached to the production process, which means they are the main contributors for the environmental performance improvement

A����es de apoio �� gest��o das Unidades de Conserva����o e o Programa RPPN Paulistas da Funda����o Florestal

A Funda����o para a Conserva����o e a Produ����o Florestal do Estado de S��o Paulo ��� Funda����o Florestal, ��rg��o vinculado a secretaria do Meio Ambiente, tem por objetivo contribuir para a conserva����o, manejo e amplia����o das florestas de proteção e produ����o do Estado de S��o Paulo. A regional de Botucatu atua na gest��o de Unidades de Conserva����o (UC), sendo elas a APA (��rea de Proteção Ambiental) Corumbata�� ��� Botucatu - Tejup��, a APA Ibitinga e a APA Rio Batalha. APA �� uma UC de uso sustent��vel destinada a proteger e conservar a qualidade ambiental e os sistemas naturais ali existentes. Al��m disso, atua tamb��m na cria����o de Unidades de Conserva����o, em especial as RPPNs (Reservas Particulares do Patrim��nio Natural), que �� uma categoria de UC privada, com o objetivo de conservar a diversidade biol��gica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as atividades realizadas durante o per��odo de est��gio, em especial aquelas voltadas ao Programa RPPN Paulistas da Funda����o Florestal. Sabendo que a RPPN representa uma importante participa����o da sociedade na conserva����o da biodiversidade e da grande dificuldade encontrada pelos propriet��rios na gest��o de sua reserva, com o objetivo de ampliar as estrat��gias do Programa RPPN Paulistas, foi desenvolvido uma entrevista com os propriet��rios mediante um question��rio, estruturado em 5 partes, sendo elas: quanto �� cria����o da RPPN, quanto �� gest��o da RPPN (Plano de Proteção e Plano de Manejo), quanto ��s atividades desenvolvidas na reserva, quanto ao grau de satisfa����o, e coment��rios finais, cr��ticas e sugest��es. Das 62 RPPNs reconhecidas no Estado de S��o Paulo, 21 propriet��rios participaram da pesquisa. Foi identificada a import��ncia de parcerias entre propriet��rios de RPPN e as universidades. A exist��ncia de pesquisas cient��ficas �� bastante positiva, tanto para a RPPN, visto que ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

A import��ncia da reserva legal para a preserva����o da fauna e flora existentes nas propriedades rurais de Botucatu

The main objective of this study was elaborating a diagnosis of technical conditions of Legal Reserves situation on the rural properties in Botucatu. In addition, considering the characteristics of fauna and flora and the economic aspects of these areas, it was presented alternatives to encourage the correct implantation and the effective preservation of the Legal Reserves. Because these areas contribute to the maintenance of local biodiversity and to availability of environmental services essential for all living creatures. In this study it was observed the presence of native vegetation in 13% of the rural properties��� areas in Botucatu, it is therefore necessary the recovery (reforestation) of 7% of all the rural properties��� areas, to be achieved the 20% of native vegetation (minimum area to be preserved as Legal Reserve, as disposed in Federal Law n�� 12.651/12) on rural properties. A viable and significant alternative for recovery these areas, reinforced by the new forestry law, is the practice of sustainable management, that must be carried in harmony with conventional farming practices existing in the remaining areas of rural properties

O turismo e a paisagem natural e cultural do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - N��cleo Santa Virg��nia

Tourism represents a socio-economic activity to generate local and regional development and at the same time contribute to the valuation and conservation of natural and cultural landscape. From this premise, we believe that the study area - PESM ��� N��cleo Santa Virginia and surroundings - has a great tourism potential, which can be further explored through public policies that value and at the same time assist the conservation of the natural and cultural landscape of the region. Therefore, this project, which arises from a research project conducted by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) in partnership with the Forestry Institute (IF), analyzes the possibilities and limitations of the attractions and tourist activities in areas of intensive, extensive use and around this area. Through literature research and application of semi-structured questionnaires to the main agents of local tourism important information for the characterization of tourism activities in the study area were obtained, as well as to identify gaps in planning instruments and management about PESM - N��cleo Santa Virginia. Through this diagnosis, we intend to provide support for the development of tourism in N��cleo Santa Virginia and its surrounding area, seeking to conserve natural and cultural heritage and improving the quality of life of local people