Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: LXXXVI. concentração de nutrientes de alface (Lactuca sativa) c.v. grand rapids, de semeadura direta e para corte

Com o objetivo de determinar a concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes durante as fases de desenvolvimento da alface Grand Rapids, cultura de corte, foi instalado um experimento na área experimental da ESALQ e amostras foram coletadas aos 20, 30, 40 e 50 dias da semeadura, em canteiros com alto teor de matéria orgânica e solo Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Orto série Luiz de Queiroz. Aos 50 dias após a semeadura o teor de nutrientes foi: N-3,35% e 1,76%, P-0,46% e 0,5%, K-4,49% e 5,92% , Ca-0,92% e 0,58%, Mg-0,32% e 0,23%, S-0,23% e 0,25%, B-43ppm e 62ppm , Cu-21ppm e 22 ppm, Mn-71ppm e 39ppm , Zn-98ppm e 103ppm e Fe-513ppm e 1.100ppm, na parte aérea a raiz, respectivamente. Um are dessa cultura extrai: N-1,44kg, P-0,23kg , Ca-0,40kg, Mg-0,15kg, S-0,11kg, B-2,10g, Cu-0,97g, Mn-3,07g, Zn-4,52g.

Pesquisa de anticorpos para arbovírus no soro de residentes no povoado de Corte de Pedra, Valença, Bahia

Foi realizado um estudo sorológico para verificação da presença de anticorpos para arbovírus em 288 indivíduos, residentes no povoado de Corte de Pedra, Valença, Bahia. Foram observados anticorpos inibidores de hemaglutinação e neutralizantes em 3.8% da amostra com a seguinte distribuição para flavivírus: Ilhéus (6), St. Louis (2), febre amarela (3), Rocio (1). Em um indivíduo, com residência anterior na Região Norte foram detectados anticorpos para Mayaro. Em 75 indivíduos testados aleatoriamente não foram observados anticorpos neutralizantes para o vesiculovírus Piry. Em outros 28 indivíduos, também selecionados ao acaso, anticorpos fixadores de complemento não foram detectados para os vírus dos grupos Changuinola, Phlebotomus e não grupados BE AR 408005 e BE AR 421710. Chama-se a atenção para a necessidade de estudos complementares para esclarecer a transmissão do vírus na área.

Superficial and deep changes of cellular mechanical properties following cytoskeleton disassembly.

The cytoskeleton, composed of actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, is a highly dynamic supramolecular network actively involved in many essential biological mechanisms such as cellular structure, transport, movements, differentiation, and signaling. As a first step to characterize the biophysical changes associated with cytoskeleton functions, we have developed finite elements models of the organization of the cell that has allowed us to interpret atomic force microscopy (AFM) data at a higher resolution than that in previous work. Thus, by assuming that living cells behave mechanically as multilayered structures, we have been able to identify superficial and deep effects that could be related to actin and microtubule disassembly, respectively. In Cos-7 cells, actin destabilization with Cytochalasin D induced a decrease of the visco-elasticity close to the membrane surface, while destabilizing microtubules with Nocodazole produced a stiffness decrease only in deeper parts of the cell. In both cases, these effects were reversible. Cell softening was measurable with AFM at concentrations of the destabilizing agents that did not induce detectable effects on the cytoskeleton network when viewing the cells with fluorescent confocal microscopy. All experimental results could be simulated by our models. This technology opens the door to the study of the biophysical properties of signaling domains extending from the cell surface to deeper parts of the cell.

Corte Interamericana Crímenes contra la Humanidad y Construcción de la Paz

En el presente trabajo se efectúa un estudio genérico de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) donde se ha reconocido la preexistencia consuetudinaria y el carácter imprescriptible, inamnistiable e inindultable de los crímenes contra la humanidad, resaltando las consecuentes restricciones y oportunidades que ofrecen dichos fallos a estados como Argentina, Chile, Uruguay y Perú que se hallan en procesos de transición postconflictiva y donde se ha negociado la paz con determinados grupos y estructuras estatales responsables de la comisión de crímenes contra la humanidad. Para ello se resalta el impacto del reconocimiento de la naturaleza misma de los crímenes contra la humanidad sobre la noción del principio de legalidad stricto sensu, sobre el desarrollo y evolución dogmática y práctica del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, en lo que al ámbito interamericano respecta, y finalmente, sobre los mencionados procesos de justicia transicional.

Corte de prevalencia del fracaso renal agudo y análisis de la lipocalina asociada a la gelatinasa de neutrófilos en el paciente crítico

En aquest estudi es pretén ampliar el coneixement del fracàs renal agut (FRA) en els pacients crítics i analitzar si el biomarcador lipocalina associada a la gelatinasa de neutròfils (NGAL) és una bona prova diagnòstica de lesió renal. Vàrem realitzar dos talls de prevalença incloent 46 pacients i es va analitzar la creatinina sèrica i el NGAL. El 28,26% dels pacients van presentar FRA, la mortalitat global va ser del 28,26%, el 37% dels pacients van presentar un NGAL alt. El valor predictiu positiu de NGAL per diagnosticar FRA va ser del 36,1% mentre que el valor predictiu negatiu va ser del 92,6%.

Gene expression mapping in neuropathic pain : molecular plasticity in nociceptors and superficial dorsal horn

RESUME : La douleur neuropathique est le résultat d'une lésion ou d'un dysfonctionnement du système nerveux. Les symptômes qui suivent la douleur neuropathique sont sévères et leur traitement inefficace. Une meilleure approche thérapeutique peut être proposée en se basant sur les mécanismes pathologiques de la douleur neuropathique. Lors d'une lésion périphérique une douleur neuropathique peut se développer et affecter le territoire des nerfs lésés mais aussi les territoires adjacents des nerfs non-lésés. Une hyperexcitabilité des neurones apparaît au niveau des ganglions spinaux (DRG) et de la corne dorsale (DH) de la moelle épinière. Le but de ce travail consiste à mettre en évidence les modifications moléculaires associées aux nocicepteurs lésés et non-lésés au niveau des DRG et des laminae I et II de la corne dorsale, là où l'information nociceptive est intégrée. Pour étudier les changements moléculaires liés à la douleur neuropathique nous utilisons le modèle animal d'épargne du nerf sural (spared nerve injury model, SNI) une semaine après la lésion. Pour la sélection du tissu d'intérêt nous avons employé la technique de la microdissection au laser, afin de sélectionner une sous-population spécifique de cellules (notamment les nocicepteurs lésés ou non-lésés) mais également de prélever le tissu correspondant dans les laminae superficielles. Ce travail est couplé à l'analyse à large spectre du transcriptome par puce ADN (microarray). Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié les courants électriques et les propriétés biophysiques des canaux sodiques (Na,,ls) dans les neurones lésés et non-lésés des DRG. Aussi bien dans le système nerveux périphérique, entre les neurones lésés et non-lésés, qu'au niveau central avec les aires recevant les projections des nocicepteurs lésés ou non-lésés, l'analyse du transcriptome montre des différences de profil d'expression. En effet, nous avons constaté des changements transcriptionnels importants dans les nocicepteurs lésés (1561 gènes, > 1.5x et pairwise comparaison > 77%) ainsi que dans les laminae correspondantes (618 gènes), alors que ces modifications transcriptionelles sont mineures au niveau des nocicepteurs non-lésés (60 gènes), mais important dans leurs laminae de projection (459 gènes). Au niveau des nocicepteurs, en utilisant la classification par groupes fonctionnels (Gene Ontology), nous avons observé que plusieurs processus biologiques sont modifiés. Ainsi des fonctions telles que la traduction des signaux cellulaires, l'organisation du cytosquelette ainsi que les mécanismes de réponse au stress sont affectés. Par contre dans les neurones non-lésés seuls les processus biologiques liés au métabolisme et au développement sont modifiés. Au niveau de la corne dorsale de la moelle, nous avons observé des modifications importantes des processus immuno-inflammatoires dans l'aire affectée par les nerfs lésés et des changements associés à l'organisation et la transmission synaptique au niveau de l'aire des nerfs non-lésés. L'analyse approfondie des canaux sodiques a démontré plusieurs changements d'expression, principalement dans les neurones lésés. Les analyses fonctionnelles n'indiquent aucune différence entre les densités de courant tétrodotoxine-sensible (TTX-S) dans les neurones lésés et non-lésés même si les niveaux d'expression des ARNm des sous-unités TTX-S sont modifiés dans les neurones lésés. L'inactivation basale dépendante du voltage des canaux tétrodotoxine-insensible (TTX-R) est déplacée vers des potentiels positifs dans les cellules lésées et non-lésées. En revanche la vitesse de récupération des courants TTX-S et TTX-R après inactivation est accélérée dans les neurones lésés. Ces changements pourraient être à l'origine de l'altération de l'activité électrique des neurones sensoriels dans le contexte des douleurs neuropathiques. En résumé, ces résultats suggèrent l'existence de mécanismes différenciés affectant les neurones lésés et les neurones adjacents non-lésés lors de la mise en place la douleur neuropathique. De plus, les changements centraux au niveau de la moelle épinière qui surviennent après lésion sont probablement intégrés différemment selon la perception de signaux des neurones périphériques lésés ou non-lésés. En conclusion, ces modulations complexes et distinctes sont probablement des acteurs essentiels impliqués dans la genèse et la persistance des douleurs neuropathiques. ABSTRACT : Neuropathic pain (NP) results from damage or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system. Symptoms associated with NP are severe and difficult to treat. Targeting NP mechanisms and their translation into symptoms may offer a better therapeutic approach.Hyperexcitability of the peripheral and central nervous system occurs in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord. We aimed to identify transcriptional variations in injured and in adjacent non-injured nociceptors as well as in corresponding laminae I and II of DH receiving their inputs.We investigated changes one week after the injury induced by the spared nerve injury model of NP. We employed the laser capture microdissection (LCM) for the procurement of specific cell-types (enrichment in nociceptors of injured/non-injured neurons) and laminae in combination with transcriptional analysis by microarray. In addition, we studied functionál properties and currents of sodium channels (Nav1s) in injured and neighboring non-injured DRG neurons.Microarray analysis at the periphery between injured and non-injured DRG neurons and centrally between the area of central projections from injured and non-injured neurons show significant and differential expression patterns. We reported changes in injured nociceptors (1561 genes, > 1.5 fold, >77% pairwise comparison) and in corresponding DH laminae (618 genes), while less modifications occurred in non-injured nociceptors (60 genes) and in corresponding DH laminae (459 genes). At the periphery, we observed by Gene Ontology the involvement of multiple biological processes in injured neurons such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton organization or stress responses. On contrast, functional overrepresentations in non-injured neurons were noted only in metabolic or developmentally related mechanisms. At the level of superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, we reported changes of immune and inflammatory processes in injured-related DH and changes associated with synaptic organization and transmission in DH corresponding to non-injured neurons. Further transcriptional analysis of Nav1s indicated several changes in injured neurons. Functional analyses of Nav1s have established no difference in tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) current densities in both injured and non-injured neurons, despite changes in TTX-S Nav1s subunit mRNA levels. The tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage dependence of steady state inactivation was shifted to more positive potentials in both injured and non-injured neurons, and the rate of recovery from inactivation of TTX-S and TTX-R currents was accelerated in injured neurons. These changes may lead to alterations in neuronal electrogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest different mechanisms occurring in the injured neurons and the adjacent non-injured ones. Moreover, central changes after injury are probably driven in a different manner if they receive inputs from injured or non-injured neurons. Together, these distinct and complex modulations may contribute to NP.

Clinical evaluation of a method for detecting superficial surgical transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by light-induced fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX following the topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid: preliminary results.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In bladder cancer, conventional white light endoscopic examination of the bladder does not provide adequate information about the presence of "flat" urothelial lesions such as carcinoma in situ. In the present investigation, we examine a new technique for the photodetection of such lesions by the imaging of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence following topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several hours after bladder instillation of an aqueous solution of ALA in 34 patients, a Krypton ion laser or a filtered Xenon arc-lamp was used to excite PpIX fluorescence. Tissue samples for histological analysis were taken while observing the bladder wall either by means of a video camera, or by direct endoscopic observation. RESULTS: A good correlation was found between the PpIX fluorescence and the histopathological diagnosis. On a total of 215 biopsies, 143 in fluorescent and 72 in nonfluorescent areas, all visible tumors on white light cytoscopy appeared in a bright red fluorescence with the photodetection technique. In addition, this method permitted to discover 47 unsuspected carcinomatous lesions on white light observation, among which 40% were carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: PpIX fluorescence induced by instillation into the bladder of 5-ALA is an efficient method of mapping the mucosa in bladder carcinoma.

Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma involving the nail's apparatus. Case report and literature review.

Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma is a rare tumor of soft tissues. It is a relatively new entity described in 2001 by Fetsch et al. It probably represents a fibrohistiocytic tumor with less than 170 described cases. We bring a new case of SAF on the 5th toe of the right foot, in a 43-year-old woman. After surgical excision with safety margins which included the nail apparatus, it has not recurred (22 months of follow up). We carried out a review of the location of all SAF published up to the present day.

La Unión Europea y la Conferencia de Revisión de la Corte Penal Internacional

Este estudio tiene como objetivo el análisis de la participación de la Unión Europea y sus Estados miembros en la Conferencia de Revisión del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional, que tuvo lugar en Kampala el 10 de junio de 2010.

Buscando preservar a integridade da unidade familiar: a família vivendo a experiência de ter um filho na UTI

Este estudo teve como objetivos: compreender o funcionamento da dinâmica familiar da criança internada em UTI pediátrica e construir um Modelo Teórico sobre a experiência da família que vivencia a internação da criança na UTI pediátrica. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A análise comparativa dos dados possibilitou identificar dois fenômenos que compõem esta experiência da família: Tendo uma ruptura familiar e Vivendo a possibilidade de vir a perder o filho. A articulação desses fenômenos permitiu identificar a categoria central BUSCANDO PRESERVAR A INTEGRIDADE DA UNIDADE FAMILIAR, a partir da qual propõe-se um modelo teórico explicativo da experiência.

Assistência de enfermagem ao portador de alterações na integridade cutânea: um relato de experiência de ensino-aprendizagem

O Curso de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, vem empenhando-se na construção do Currículo Integrado, utilizando-se da metodologia problematizadora. No presente estudo, os autores apresentam os desempenhos esperados dos estudantes e a seqüência de atividades construída para o ensino dos cuidados de enfermagem ao adulto e idoso portador de alteração da integridade cutânea, a qual permite ao aluno implementar este conhecimento em sua realidade prática. No decorrer das atividades constata-se que tal desafio tem representado um avanço no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, no entanto, apontam-se algumas dificuldades a serem superadas.

Evaluation de la qualité de vie après prélèvement de la veine fémorale superficielle lors de reconstructions infra-inguinales [Quality of life after superficial femoral vein harvest for infra-inguinal reconstructions]

BACKGROUND: The superficial femoral vein (SFV) is a well-established alternative conduit for infra-inguinal reconstructivenous hypertension after SFV harvest may however result in significant morbidity. This study reports the efficiency of SFV as conduit for infra-inguinal reconstructions and characterize the anatomic and physiologic changes in harvest limbs and their relationship to the development of venous complications. METHODS: From May 1999 through November 2003, 23 SFV were harvested from 21 patients undergoing infra-inguinal reconstructions. Bypasses were controlled by regular duplex-ultrasound. The venous morbidity was assessed by measurements of leg circumferences, strain-gauge plethysmography and quality of life, investigated by the VEINES-QOL scale. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 10.4 months (range 1-56), primary, secondary patency and limb salvage rates of infra-inguinal bypasses using SFV are 71.4%, 76.2% and 85.7% respectively. No patient had major venous claudication. Oedema was significantly present in nine patients. Strain-gauge plethysmography showed outflow obstruction in all patients. The VEINES-QOL assessment showed no limitation in social and domestic activity, moderate complain about leg heaviness despite presence of oedema. CONCLUSION: The SFV harvest is a reliable conduit for infra-inguinal reconstructions and results in moderate venous morbidity in terms of functional consequences and quality of life.