Pollen profiles from a Late Palaeolithic site in the community of Bad Buchau-Kappel, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany

Excavations were carried out in a Late Palaeolithic site in the community of Bad Buchau-Kappel between 2003 and 2007. Archaeological investigations covered a total of more than 200 m**2. This site is the product of what likely were multiple occupations that occurred during the Late Glacial on the Federsee shore in this location. The site is situated on a mineral ridge that projected into the former Late Glacial lake Federsee. This beach ridge consists of deposits of fine to coarse gravel and sand and was surrounded by open water, except for a connection to the solid shore on the south. A lagoon lay between the hook-shaped ridge and the shore of the Federsee. This exposed location provided optimal access to the water of the lake. In addition, the small lagoon may have served as a natural harbor for landing boats or canoes. Sedimentological and palynological investigations document the dynamic history of the location between 14,500 and 11,600 years before present (cal BP). Evidence of the deposition of sands, gravels and muds since the Bølling Interstadial is provided by stratigraphic and palynological analyses. The major occupation occurred in the second half of the Younger Dryas period. Most of the finds were located on or in the sediments of the ridge; fewer finds occurred in the surrounding mud, which was also deposited during the Younger Dryas. Direct dates on some bone fragments, however, demonstrate that intermittent sporadic occupations also took place during the two millennia of the Meiendorf, Bølling, and Allerød Interstadials. These bones were reworked during the Younger Dryas and redeposited in the mud. A 14C date from one bone of 11,600 years ago (cal BP) places the Late Palaeolithic occupation of the ridge at the very end of the Younger Dryas, which is in agreement with stratigraphic observations. Stone artifacts, numbering 3,281, comprise the majority of finds from the site. These include typical artifacts of the Late Palaeolithic, such as backed points, short scrapers, and small burins. There are no bipointes or Malaurie-Points, which is in accord with the absolute date of the occupation. A majority of the artifacts are made from a brown chert that is obtainable a few kilometers north of the site in sediments of the Graupensandrinne. Other raw materials include red and green radiolarite that occur in the fluvioglacial gravels of Oberschwaben, as well as quartzite and lydite. The only non-local material present is a few artifacts of tabular chert from the region near Kelheim in Bavaria. A unique find consists of two fragments of a double-barbed harpoon made of red deer antler, which was found in the Younger Dryas mud. It is likely, but not certain, that this find belongs to the same assemblage as the numerous stone artifacts. Although not numerous, animal bones were also found in the excavations. Most of them lay in sediments of the Younger Dryas, but several 14C dates place some of these bones in earlier periods, including the Meiendorf, Bølling, and Allerød Interstadials. These bones were reworked by water and redeposited in mud sediments during the Younger Dryas. As a result, it is difficult to attribute individual bones to particular chronological positions without exact dates. Species that could be identified include wild horse (Equus spec.), moose or elk (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), aurochs or bison (Bos spec.), wild boar (Sus scrofa), as well as birds and fish, including pike (Esox Lucius).

Paleotemperature reconstructions of the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean

Diatom assemblages from ODP Leg 177 sites 1093, 1094 and core PS2089-2, from the present Antarctic sea ice free zone and close to the Polar Front, were analyzed in order to reconstruct the climate development around the Mid-Brunhes Event 400 000 yr ago, as reflected by summer sea surface temperature (SSST) and sea ice distribution. Dense sample spacing allows a mean temporal resolution during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 (423-362 ka) of 300-400 yr. SSST values were estimated from diatom assemblages using a transfer function technique. The distribution pattern of sea ice diatoms indicates that the present-day ice free Antarctic Zone was seasonally covered by sea ice during the cold MIS 12 and MIS 10. These glacial periods are characterized by sea ice fluctuations with a periodicity of 3 and 1.85 kyr, suggesting the occurrence of Dansgaard-Oeschger-style millennial-scale oscillations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the glacial stages MIS 12 and MIS 10. Termination V (MIS 12/11) is characterized by a distinct temperature increase of 4-6°C, intersected especially at the southern site 1094 and core PS2089-2 by two distinct cooling events reminiscent of the Younger Dryas, which are associated with a northward shift of the winter sea ice edge in the Antarctic Zone. The SSST record is characterized by distinct temperature intervals bounded by stepwise, rapid changes. Maximum temperatures were reached during Termination V and the early MIS 11, exceeding modern values by 2°C over a period of 8 kyr. This pattern indicates a very early response of the Southern Ocean to global climate on Milankovitch-driven climate variability. The SSST optimum is marked by millennial-scale temperature oscillations with an amplitude of ca. 1°C and periodicities of ca. 1.85 and 1.47 kyr, probably reflecting changes in the ocean circulation system. The SSSTs during the MIS 11 temperature optimum do not exceed values obtained from other interglacial optima such as the early periods of MIS 5 or MIS 1 from the Antarctic Zone. However, the total duration of the warmest period was distinctly longer than observed from other interglacials. The comparison of the South Atlantic climate record with a high-resolution record from ODP Leg 162, site 980from the North Atlantic shows a strong conformity in the climate development during the studied time interval.

Natural history; an account by a Roman of what Romans knew and did and valued.Compacted from the many volumes of the Historia naturalis by Loyd Haberly.

Mode of access: Internet.

The shepheards calender : conteining twelue æglogues proportionable to the twelue monthes : entituled, to the noble and vertuous gentleman, most worthie of all titles, both of learning and chiualry, Maister Philip Sidney.

Fourth edition.

The history of the Catnach press, at Berwick-upon-Tweed, Alnwick and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in Northumberland, and Seven Dials. London.

"A collection of juvenile books printed and published by James Catnach": p. [95]-215.

A bibliographical sketch of the Aldine press at Venice: forming a catalogue of all works issued by Aldus and his successors, from 1494 to 1597, and a list of all known forgeries or imitations ; translated and abridged from Ant. Aug. Renouard's "Annals de l'imprimerie des Aldes" ; revised and corrected by Edmund Goldsmid.

Includes index.

The plays and poems of William Shakspeare,

Edited by James Boswell, the younger, to whom Malone left his materials for a new edition (Malone's first edition appeared in 1790 in 10 vols.) " 'Boswell's Malone'is generally known as the 'third variorum' edition of Shakespeare." cf. Dict. nat. biog. v. 35, p. 437.

Train and bank robbers of the West : a romantic but faithful story of bloodshed and plunder, perpetrated by Missouri's daring outlaws : a thrilling story of the adventures and exploits of Frank and Jesse James.

With this is bound: Appler, A.C. The life, character and daring exploits of the Younger brothers.

The works of Robert Harris ... Revised, corrected, and now collected into one volume. With an addition of sundry sermons: some, not printed in the former edition; others, never before extant ...

Each part and some of the sermons have special title-pages, with slight variations in imprint.

Ireland, as a kingdom and a colony; or, A historical, political, and military sketch of its state, previous to, and since the invasion under Henry the Second,

Mode of access: Internet.

Lives of eminent zoologists, from Aristotle to Linaeus : with remarks on the study of natural history, and occasional observations on the progress of zoology /

Contents: Aristotle -- Pliny the Elder -- Gesner, Belon, Salviani, Rondelet, and Aldrovandi -- Jonston, Goedart, Redi, and Swammerdam -- Ray -- Reaumur -- Linnaeus.

The Anabasis of Xenophon: chiefly according to the text of Hutchinson. With explanatory notes and illustrations of idioms from Viger, etc., copious indexes, and examination questions.

Mode of access: Internet.

The life of St. Melania,

Mode of access: Internet.

The statesmen of the commonwealth of England, with a treatise on the popular progress in English history.

I. Sir John Eliot. Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford.--II. John Pym. John Hampden.--III. Sir Henry Vane the younger. Henry Marten.--IV. Oliver Cromwell.--V. Cromwell and the republicans.

The first three books of Xenophon's Anabasis, with explanatory notes, and references to Hadley's and Kühner's Greek grammars, and to Goodwin's Greek moods and tenses. A copious Greek-English vocabulary, and Kiepert's map of the route of the ten thousand.

Mode of access: Internet.