Posição do racemo e do fruto na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de mamona durante o armazenamento

The present research had as objective to evaluate the influence of raceme and fruit position on physiological quality of castor bean seeds (Ricinus communis L.) during storage of cultivar AL Guarany 2002. The treatments were: position of the raceme in plants (primary, secondary and tertiary) and position of fruit in racemes (low, medium and high). After fruit extraction, seeds were stored under environmental conditions for twelve months. The experimental design used was the completely randomized in a split-plot arrangement. Main plots consisted of the interaction raceme x fruit position and subplots were the storage time. Physiological quality was evaluated quarterly through tests of moisture content, germination and vigor (first count, accelerated aging, seedling length and seedling dry matter). Neither the position of racemes in the plant nor fruit in racemes does not affect germination of castor bean seeds. Dormancy of castor bean seeds decreases during storage, but also increases percentage of abnormal seedlings, seedling dry matter and root, hypocotyl and seedling total length.

Desenvolvimento de cultivares de mamoneiras em relação à profundidade de semeadura e seletividade de herbicidas dinitroanilinas

Three trials were carry out at Garca Municipal County, São Paulo, Brazil in order to study the effects of sowing depth of three castor bean cultivars submitted or not to dinitroaniline herbicides application in pre-emergency. The three cultivars chosen as fllow: AL Guarany 2002 variety and Iris and Savana hybrids. The experiments were disposed in randomized complete blocks, with fifteen treatments and four replications, by using factorial scheme 5x3, composed by sowing in 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 and 20,0 cm depths with application in pre-emergency condition of the herbicides: trifluralin (1125 g a.i. ha(-1)), pendimethalin (1500 g a.i. ha(-1)) and check without herbicide (hand-hold check). Only the sowing depths of 2.5 and 20.0 significantly reduced the initial development of castor bean cultivars AL Guarany 2002 and Iris, without interfering in characteristics number of leaves, stem diameter, insertion height of first raceme and yield. Trifluralin application has increased significantly AL Guarany 2002 yield, in sowings from 5.0 cm deep, unlike Iris and Savana hybrids, where most of sowing depths studied, resulted in yield declines. Pendimethalin herbicide presented high selectivity mainly for AL Guarany 2002 and Savana cultivars, characterizing, generally as the safest option castor bean crop.

Extração e exportação de nutrientes pelo híbrido de mamona Savana: I – macronutrientes

Low height castor bean hybrids and highly productive possibly need larger quantity of macronutients during its development cycle. However, in Brazil there is little information on extraction and exportation of macronutrients by low height castor bean hybrids, as on season as out-of-season growing. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrients extraction and exportation by Savana hybrid castor bean on season and out-of-season growing. The experiments were conducted during the season of 2005/2006 and out-of-season of 2006 in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The plots were consisted by harvest times of plants, which were composed by six plant rows to 5 m, spaced 0.45 m between rows. Samples were collected at 17, 31, 45, 59, 73, 97 and 120 days after emergence (DAE) during the season and at 17, 31, 45, 59, 80; 100 and 120 DAE in the out-of-season. The nutrients accumulation by Savana hybrid was small until the flowering (30 DAE), but intensified after this period. The period of greatest nutrient absorption occurred at 65 and 90 DAE for N, 70 and 80 DAE for P, 60 DAE for K and Mg, 55 and 60 DAE for Ca and S. The amounts absorbed per hectare by hybrid Savana ranged 155 to 31 kg of N, 17 to 3 kg of P, 71 to 13 kg of K, 56 to 12 kg of Ca, 28 to 4 kg of Mg and 29,5 to 7 kg of S in season and out-of-season, respectively. The yield was higher in growing season, but the nutrients extraction and exportation per ton of grain were similar among the seasons. Among 40% and 50% of N and S and most part of Mg, K and Ca accumulated in the plants returned to soil with crop residues, but less than 35% of P remained in the residues.

Extração e exportação de nutrientes pelo híbrido de mamona Savana: II – micronutrientes

Information about micronutrients extraction and exportation by castor bean hybrids of short stature, and the periods of highest demand for each micronutrient, are most importance for correct management to fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the micronutrients extraction and exportation by Savana hybrid castor bean, on season and out-of-season growing. The experiments were conducted during season of 2005/2006 and out-of-season of 2006 in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The plots were consisted by harvest times of plants, which were carried out at 17, 31, 45, 59, 73, 97 and 120 days after emergence (DAE) during the season and at 17, 31, 45, 59, 80; 100 and 120 DAE in the out-of-season. In both seasons the order of micronutrients extraction by hybrid Savanna is: Fe> Mn> Zn> B> Cu> Mo, but with larger amounts of season cultivation. The time of greatest Zn and Mo absorption during the season and the Fe in out-of-season occurs at 80 DAE, although the other micronutrients are absorbed at higher rates between 50 and 65 DAE. In season the yield, nutrients extraction and exportation from soil are higher than out-of-season, but the nutrients extraction and exportation per ton show less variation between growing seasons. Fifty percent of zinc and 60% of Cu uptaken, on average, in out-of-season is exported with grains, but for the other micronutrients the proportion exported with grains is less than 40%.

Controle de mosca-branca com extratos vegetais, em tomateiro cultivado em casa-de-vegetação

Visando buscar métodos alternativos no controle da mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B em tomateiro, foram realizados testes de atratividade e preferência para oviposição em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se quatorze extratos aquosos a 3% (peso/volume). Os extratos foram preparados com partes de Azadirachta indica, Trichilia pallida,Chenopodium ambrosioides,Piper nigrum,Melia azedarach,Ruta graveolens,Ricinus communis,Mentha pulegium,Tagetes erecta,Eucalyptus citriodora,Cymbopogon nardus e Coriandrum sativum. Numa segunda etapa, os extratos mais eficientes em casa-de-vegetação foram observados em laboratório, a fim de avaliar o possível efeito sistêmico dos mesmos sobre ninfas da mosca-branca. Constatou-se que as plantas de tomateiro pulverizadas com extratos à base de folhas de M. pulegium e folhas e sementes de A. indica foram menos atrativas aos adultos do inseto. Plantas pulverizadas com extratos de folhas de A. indica e folhas + ramos de R. communis mostraram efeitos deterrentes à oviposição do inseto, reduzindo o número de ovos; em contrapartida, o extrato à base de folhas de C. nardus estimulou a oviposição da mosca-branca sobre as plantas. O uso dos extratos por via sistêmica não afetou o período de desenvolvimento (ovo-adulto) da mosca-branca; entretanto, a presença de extratos de sementes e folhas de A. indica e de folhas de M. pulegium provocou aumento significativo na mortalidade de ninfas de B. tabaci biótipo B.

Uredinales sobre Blechnaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Myrtaceae, Oxalidaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Smilacaceae e Vitaceae da Reserva Florestal Armando de Salles Oliveira, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do lodo de esgoto e nitrogênio na nutrição e desenvolvimento inicial da mamoneira

Aiming to evaluate the application effect of different sewage sludge ( SS) doses, with and without nitrogen addition, in the castorbean initial development, one experiment was installed in an entirely randomized experimental design, in split-plot scheme 5 X 2, constituted of five sewage sludge doses (0, 4, 8, 16 e 32 Mg ha(-1)) and nitrogen addition or not (15 kg ha(-1)), with five replications. The experimental unit was constituted of plastic bags with capacity of 3,5 dm(3) of soil. Fifty days after emergency it was evaluated height of plants, dry matter of the aerial part, nutrient content in the aerial part, soil electrical conductivity and soil chemical analysis. The SS doses promoted increase in the height of plants and dry matter of castorbean. The concentration of N, K, Mg and S and also the micronutrients Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the aerial part of the plants also suffered a positive effect with SS doses, the same didn't occur for the P and Ca concentrations. N addition increased the concentration of N, S, Cu and Zn in the plants. The SS did not present significant effect over pH levels, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matter and soil cation exchange capacity after the experiment conduction period.

Interação de doses de calcário e zinco nas características morfológicas e nos componentes de produção da mamoneira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses de calcário e zinco e, a interação destes sobre o desenvolvimento da cultura da mamona. A hipótese deste trabalho é que o aumento de doses de calcário diminui a disponibilidade de zinco no solo para a planta. O experimento foi desenvolvido em estufa para cultivo protegido, sem controle de temperatura, em vasos com 17 dm³ de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura média. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados num esquema fatorial 3 x 5, sendo os fatores: três saturações por bases (40, 60 e 80%) e cinco doses adicionadas de Zn (0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 mg dm-3 de solo). Apenas uma planta por vaso foi conduzida até 174 dias após emergência (maturidade fisiológica do racemo primário), quando foi avaliada a produção. Maiores doses de calcário resultaram em maior número de grãos por planta e MS dos grãos por planta. Houve interação V% e Zn na altura da planta, massa seca da raiz, comprimento da parte masculina e total do racemo. No entanto, nenhum destes incrementos refletiu em diferença significativa na massa de 100 grãos da mamoneira.

Estrutura genética de populações de Amphobotrys ricini, agente causal do mofo cinzento da mamoneira

The gray mold, causal organism Amphobotrys ricini, is one of the major diseases of castor bean. Difficulties in managing plant disease arises form the limited understanding of the genetic structure of A. ricini, their complexity and variability make it difficult to control. Genetic structure can be used to infer the relative impact of different forces that influence the evolution of pathogen populations, that allow to predict the potencial for pathogen populations to envolve in agricultural ecosystems. Growers protect their crop by applying fungicides, but there aren t fungicides to provide significant control of gray mold of castor bean. The objectives of this work were use RAPD to determine the genetic structure of A. ricini subpopulations in Paraíba and assay the sensitivity of A. ricini isolates to azoxystrobin and carbendazim. To determine the genetic structure of A. ricini subpopulations in Paraíba, 23 isolates were colleted from two different geographic location (subpopulation). These isolates were analysed by RAPD using 22 random decamer primers, purchased from OPERON, produced a total of 80 markers polimorphics. The resulting matrixes were analysed using PopGene version 1.32. Sensitivity to azoxystrobin and carbendazim of 30 isolates, colleted form Paraíba and Alagoas, was estimated based on spore germination and colony growth inhibition. The stock solutions were added toV8 medium after sterilization to produce final concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ml of carbendazim and 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/ml of azoxystrobin. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS to estimate the dose that inhibited fungal growth by 50% (ED50 values). The genetic diversity within subpopulations (Hs=0,271) accounted for 92% of the total genetic diversity (Ht=0,293), while genetic diversity between subpopulations (Gst = 0,075) represented only 7,5%. The estimated number of migrants per generation (NM ) was 6,15. Nei s average gene identity across 80 RAPD loci was 0,9468. Individual ED50 values, for the 30 isolates screened for their sensitivity to azoxystrobin, ranged From a maximum of 0,168 µg/ml to a minimum of 0,0036 µg/ml. The ED50 values for carbendazim varied within the range of 0,026 to 0,316 µg/ml

Evaluation of the performance of a castor-oil based formulation in limiting pesticide residues in strawberry crops

A study was made to evaluate the effect of a castor oil-based detergent on strawberry crops treated with different classes of pesticides, namely deltamethrin, folpet, tebuconazole, abamectin and mancozeb, in a controlled environment. Experimental crops of greenhouse strawberries were cultivated in five different ways with control groups using pesticides and castor oil-based detergent. The results showed that the group 2, which was treated with castor oil-based detergent, presented the lowest amount of pesticide residues and the highest quality of fruit produced.

VEGF and MVD expression in sinus augmentation with autologous bone and several graft materials

The aim of this study was to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in maxillary sinus augmentation with autogenous bone and different graft materials for evaluating their angiogenic potential.Biopsies were harvested 10 months after sinus augmentation with a combination of autogenous bone and different graft materials: hydroxyapatite (HA, n = 6 patients), demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA, n = 5 patients), calcium phosphate (CP, n = 5 patients), Ricinus communis polymer (n = 5 patients) and control group - autogenous bone only (n = 13 patients).In all the samples, higher intensities of VEGF expression were prevalent in the newly formed bone, while lower intensities of VEGF expression were predominant in the areas of mature bone. The highest intensity of VEGF expression in the newly formed bone was expressed by HA (P < 0.001) and CP in relation to control (P < 0.01) groups. The lowest intensities of VEGF expression in newly formed bone were shown by DFDBA and polymer groups (P < 0.05). When comparing the different grafting materials, higher MVD were found in the newly formed bone around control, HA and CP (P < 0.001).Various graft materials could be successfully used for sinus floor augmentation; however, the interactions between bone formation and angiogenesis remain to be fully characterized.

Diametral tensile strength and film thickness of an experimental dental luting agent derived from castor oil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bioinformatical and in vitro approaches to essential oil-induced matrix metalloproteinase inhibition

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Permian non-marine bivalves of the Falkland Islands and their palaeoenvironmental significance

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversidade de vespas sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em áreas de cerrado na Bahia

A diversidade de espécies de vespas sociais associadas à vegetação de cerrado no Oeste da Bahia foi analisada neste estudo. Dentre as dezenove espécies de vespas sociais encontradas, Chartergus globiventris de Saussure, Chartergellus communis Richards e Metapolybia cingulata (Fabricius) são registradas pela primeira vez para o estado. O cerrado arbóreo, apesar de apresentar maior riqueza (S = 19) e maior diversidade de espécies (H' = 2,33), apresentou níveis de abundância (N = 87 ninhos) inferiores aos sistemas agrícolas (N = 107 ninhos; S = 8 espécies; H' = 1,84). A fisionomia de cerrado campo sujo apresentou a menor abundância de colônias de vespas sociais (N = 61) e valores intermediários de riqueza (S = 13) e diversidade (H' = 2,20).