Joint research project on the aquatic ecotoxicity of organo-aluminium: Chemical reactions. First interim report

The overall goal of the joint research project is to relate the chemical reactions involved in the formation of organo-aluminium complexes under acid conditions to their toxic effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Finally, this research is intended to predict toxic effects arising from acidity and aluminium under varying environmental conditions. This interim report examines the chemical modelling of ion-binding by humic substances where a computer model has been developed and is being tested using field data, and conditions required for the precipitation of aluminium in surface waters.

I. Baryon-antibaryon phase transition at high temperature. II. Inclusive virtual photon-hadron reactions in the parton model

Part I

Present experimental data on nucleon-antinucleon scattering allow a study of the possibility of a phase transition in a nucleon-antinucleon gas at high temperature. Estimates can be made of the general behavior of the elastic phase shifts without resorting to theoretical derivation. A phase transition which separates nucleons from antinucleons is found at about 280 MeV in the approximation of the second virial coefficient to the free energy of the gas.

Part II

The parton model is used to derive scaling laws for the hadrons observed in deep inelastic electron-nucleon scattering which lie in the fragmentation region of the virtual photon. Scaling relations are obtained in the Bjorken and Regge regions. It is proposed that the distribution functions become independent of both q² and ν where the Bjorken and Regge regions overlap. The quark density functions are discussed in the limit x→1 for the nucleon octet and the pseudoscalar mesons. Under certain plausible assumptions it is found that only one or two quarks of the six types of quarks and antiquarks have an appreciable density function in the limit x→1. This has implications for the quark fragmentation functions near the large momentum boundary of their fragmentation region. These results are used to propose a method of measuring the proton and neutron quark density functions for all x by making measurements on inclusively produced hadrons in electroproduction only. Implications are also discussed for the hadrons produced in electron-positron annihilation.

Inelastic K+p reactions at incident momenta from 1.37 GeV/c to 2.17 GeV/c

A number of recent experiments have suggested the possibility of a highly inelastic resonance in K⁺p scattering. To study the inelastic K⁺p reactions, a 400 K exposure has been taken at the L.R.L. 25 inch bubble chamber. The data are spread over seven K⁺ momenta between 1.37 and 2.17 GeV/c.

Cross-sections have been measured for the reaction K⁺p → pK°π+ which is dominated by the quasi-two body channels K∆ and K*N. Both these channels are strongly peripheral, as at other momenta. The decay of the ∆ is in good agreement with the predictions of the rho-photon analogy of Stodolsky and Sakurai. The data on the K*p channel show evidence of both pseudo scalar and vector exchange.

Cross-sections for the final state pK⁺π+π- shows a strong contribution from the quasi-two body channel K*∆. This reaction is also very peripheral even at threshold. The decay angular distributions indicate the reaction is dominated as at higher momenta by a pion exchange mechanism. The data are also in good agreement with the quark model predictions of Bialas and Zalewski for the K* and ∆ decay.

Metalloporphyrin-based MOFs: new strategies for catalyst immobilization

Comunicacion a congreso (Presentación): ICCC 40. International Conference on Coordination Chemistry. Valencia, September 09-13, 2012

Characterization of cobalt based TPP-bipy coordination polymer

Comunicación a congreso: Póster presentado en The 4th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress (4ECC), Prague, Czech Republic, August 26–30, 2012

Avaliação da indução de lesões no DNA por lasers terapêuticos de baixa potência

Na medicina regenerativa há uma crescente utilização de lasers de baixa intensidade em protocolos terapêuticos para tratamento de doenças em tecidos moles e no tecido ósseo. Lasers emitem feixes de luz com características específicas, nas quais o comprimento de onda, a frequência, potência e modo de missão são propriedades determinantes para as respostas fotofísica, fotoquímica e fotobiológica. Entretanto, sugere-se que lasers de baixa potência induzem a produção de radicais livres, que podem reagir com biomoléculas importantes, como o DNA. Essas reações podem causar lesões e induzir mecanismos de reparo do DNA para preservar a integridade do código genético e homeostase celular. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar lesões no DNA de células do sangue periférico de ratos Wistar e a expressão dos genes ERCC1 e ERCC2 em tecidos biológicos expostos a lasers de baixa intensidade em comprimentos de onda, fluências, potências e modos de emissão utilizados em protocolos terapêuticos. Para tal, amostras de sangue periférico foram expostas ao laser vermelho (660 nm) e infravermelho (808 nm) em diferentes fluências, potências e modos de emissão, e a indução de lesões no DNA foi avaliada através do ensaio cometa. Em outros experimentos, lesões no DNA foram analisadas através do ensaio cometa modificado, utilizando as enzimas de reparo: formamidopirimidina DNA glicosilase (FPG) e endonuclease III. Pele e músculo de ratos Wistar foram expostos aos lasers e amostras desses tecidos foram retiradas para extração de RNA, síntese de cDNA e avaliação da expressão dos genes por PCR quantitativo em tempo real. Os dados obtidos neste estudo sugeriram que a exposição aos lasers induz lesões no DNA dependendo da fluência, potência e modo de emissão, e que essas lesões são alvos da FPG e endonuclease III. A expressão relativa do RNAm de ERCC1 e de ERCC2 foi alterada nos tecidos expostos dependendo do comprimento de onda e fluência utilizada. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que danos oxidativos no DNA poderiam ser considerados para segurança do paciente e eficácia terapêutica, bem como alterações na expressão dos genes de reparo do DNA participariam dos efeitos de bioestimulação que justificam as aplicações terapêutica de lasers de baixa potência.

Reactions of fishes to two underwater survey tools, a manned submersible and a remotely operated vehicle

We examined the reactions of fishes to a manned submersible and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during surveys conducted in habitats of rock and mud at depths of 30–408 m off central California in 2007. We observed 26 taxa for 10,550 fishes observed from the submersible and for 16,158 fishes observed from the ROV. A reaction was defined as a distinct movement of a fish that, for a benthic or hovering individual, was greater than one body length away from its initial position or, for a swimming individual, was a change of course or speed. Of the observed fishes, 57% reacted to the ROV and 11% reacted to the submersible. Aggregating species and those species initially observed off the seafloor reacted most often to both vehicles. Fishes reacted more often to each vehicle when they were >1 m above the seafloor (22% of all fishes >1 m above the seafloor reacted to the submersible and 73% to the ROV) than when they were in contact with the seafloor (2% of all reactions to the submersible and 18% to the ROV). Fishes reacted by swimming away from both vehicles rather than toward them. Consideration of these reactions can inform survey designs and selection of survey tools and can, thereby, increase the reliability of fish assemblage metrics (e.g., abundance, density, and biomass) and assessments of fish and habitat associations.

Determination of threshold current densities for different reactions of fishes using a pantostat

The threshold current densities required for first reaction, galvanotaxis and galvanonarcosis of fish depended upon species, length of the body, conductivity of water, nature of current and frequency of impulses. The threshold values and their ratios decreased with increase in length of fish. With rise in conductivity of water in the ratio of 1:4:13, these values increased in the ratio 1: 2:5. Impulse D. C was superior to continuous D. C and the threshold values of current densities for different reactions of fish decreased with rise in impulse frequency reaching minimum at an impulse frequency of 48/sec. Among Salmo irideus, ldus melanotus and Cyprinus carpio, the first one was affected earlier and required minimum current densities to exhibit the reactions, while the last one showed similar reactions only at higher current densities.