Investigation of PCC Pavement Sections from I-29 Pottawattamie County, MLR-06-01, 2007

Early deterioration has shown up in a number of Iowa PCC pavements placed between 1986 and 1994. Research has shown that inadequate air content and spacing factors have contributed to the deterioration. Ettringite infilling of air voids is nearly always noted in cores obtained from pavements exhibiting deterioration. This research is to document the early deterioration on I-29 in Pottawattamie county from MP 59 to 72 in both directions.

Highway Applications for Rammed Aggregate Piers in Iowa Soils, TR-443, 2003

This report describes a study to evaluate Geopier® soil reinforcement technology in transportation construction. Three projects requiring settlement control were chosen for evaluation—an embankment foundation, a box culvert, and a bridge approach fill. For each project, construction observations, in situ soil testing, laboratory material characterization, and performance monitoring were carried out. For the embankment foundation project, Geopier elements were installed within and around an abutment footprint for the new I-35 overpass at the US Highway 5/Interstate 35 interchange in Des Moines, Iowa. Although the main focus of this investigation was to evaluate embankment foundation reinforcement using Geopier elements, a stone column reinforced soil provided an opportunity to compare systems. In situ testing included cone penetration tests (CPTs), pressuremeter tests (PMTs), Ko stepped blade tests, and borehole shear tests (BSTs), as well as laboratory material testing. Comparative stiffness and densities of Geopier elements and stone columns were evaluated based on full-scale modulus load tests and standard penetration tests. Vibrating wire settlement cells and total stress cells were installed to monitor settlement and stress concentration on the reinforcing elements and matrix soil. Settlement plates were also monitored by conventional optical survey methods. Results show that the Geopier system and the stone columns performed their intended functions. The second project involved settlement monitoring of a 4.2 m wide x 3.6 m high x 50 m long box culvert constructed beneath a bridge on Iowa Highway 191 south of Neola, Iowa. Geopier elements were installed to reduce total and differential settlement while ensuring the stability of the existing bridge pier foundations. Benefits of the box culvert and embankment fill included (1) ease of future roadway expansion and (2) continual service of the roadway throughout construction. Site investigations consisted of in situ testing including CPTs, PMTs, BSTs, and dilatometer tests. Consolidated drained triaxial compression tests, unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test, oedometer tests, and Atterberg limit tests were conducted to define strength and consolidation parameters and soil index properties for classification. Vibrating wire settlement cells, total stress cells, and piezometers were installed for continuous monitoring during and after box culvert construction and fill placement. This project was successful at controlling settlement of the box culvert and preventing downdrag of the bridge foundations, but could have been enhanced by reducing the length of Geopier elements at the ends of the box culvert. This would have increased localized settlement while reducing overall differential settlement. The third project involved settlement monitoring of bridge approach fill sections reinforced with Geopier elements. Thirty Geopier elements, spaced 1.8 m apart in six rows of varying length, were installed on both sides of a new bridge on US Highway 18/218 near Charles City, Iowa. Based on the results of this project, it was determined that future applications of Geopier soil reinforcement should consider extending the elements deeper into the embankment foundation fill, not just the fill itself.

Low-Cost Rural Surface Alternatives: Demonstration Project, TR-664, 2015

The goals of this project were to implement several stabilization methods for preventing or mitigating freeze-thaw damage to granular surfaced roads and identify the most effective and economical methods for the soil and climate conditions of Iowa. Several methods and technologies identified as potentially suitable for Iowa were selected from an extensive analysis of existing literature provided with Iowa Highway Research Board (IHRB) Project TR-632. Using the selected methods, demonstration sections were constructed in Hamilton County on a heavily traveled two-mile section of granular surfaced road that required frequent maintenance during previous thawing periods. Construction procedures and costs of the demonstration sections were documented, and subsequent maintenance requirements were tabulated through two seasonal freeze-thaw periods. Extensive laboratory and field tests were performed prior to construction, as well as before and after the two seasonal freeze-thaw periods, to monitor the performance of the demonstration sections. A weather station was installed at the project site and temperature sensors were embedded in the subgrade to monitor ground temperatures up to a depth of 5 ft and determine the duration and depths of ground freezing and thawing. An economic analysis was performed using the documented construction and maintenance costs, and the estimated cumulative costs per square yard were projected over a 20-year timeframe to determine break-even periods relative to the cost of continuing current maintenance practices. Overall, the sections with biaxial geogrid or macadam base courses had the best observed freeze-thaw performance in this study. These two stabilization methods have larger initial costs and longer break-even periods than aggregate columns, but counties should also weigh the benefits of improved ride quality and savings that these solutions can provide as excellent foundations for future paving or surface upgrades.

Erythropoietin (EPO) immunoaffinity columns--a powerful tool for purifying EPO and its recombinant analogues.

The sample preparation method preceding the urinary erythropoietin (EPO) doping test is based on several concentration and ultrafiltration steps. In order to improve the quality of isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel results and therefore, the sensitivity of the EPO test, new sample preparation methods relying on affinity purification were recently proposed. This article focuses on the evaluation and validation of disposable immunoaffinity columns targeting both endogenous and recombinant EPO molecules in two World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) accredited anti-doping laboratories. The use of the columns improved the resolution of the IEF profiles considerably when compared with the classical ultrafiltration method, and the columns' ability to ensure the isoform integrity of the endogenous and exogenous EPO molecules was confirmed. Immunoaffinity columns constitute therefore a potent and reliable tool for the preparation of urine samples and their use will significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of the actual urinary EPO test.

Tyrannie que les hommes ont exercée dans presque tous les temps et les pays contre les femmes ou inconséquence de leur conduite envers cette belle moitié de l'espèce humaine, etc. , par M. Laugier,...

Mécénat texte imprimé : Cet ouvrage a été numérisé grâce à Sophie Bauer

Doublecortin cells and neurodegenerative disease

Introduction : Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule associated protein expressed by migrating neural precursors. DCX is also expressed in approximately 4% of all cortical cells in adult normal primate brain. DCX expression is also enhanced locally in response to an acute insult made to the brain. This is thought to play a role in plasticity or neural repair. That being said, it would be interesting to know how the expression of DCX is modified in a more chronic insult, like in neurodegeneration such as in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The aim of my study is to study the expression of DCX cells in the cortex of patients having a neurodegenerative disease, compared to control patients. Method: DCX cells quantification on 9 DCX‐stained 5 μm thick formalin fixed paraffin embedded brain sections: 3 Alzheimer's disease patients, 3 Parkinson's disease patients and 3 control patients. Each patient had several sections that we could stain with different stainings (GALLYA, TAU, DCX). By using a computerized image analysis system (Explora Nova, La Rochelle, France), cortical columns were selected on areas on the cortex with a lot of degeneration subjectively observed on GALLYA stained sections and on TAU stained sections. Then total number of cells was counted on TAU sections, where all nuclei were colored in blue. Then the DCX cells were counted on the corresponding DCX sections. These values were standardized to a reference surface area. The ratio of DCX cells over total cells was then calculated. Results : There is a difference of DCX cell expression between Alzheimer's Disease patients and control patients. The percentage of dcx cells in the cortex of an Alzheimer's patient is around 12.54% ± 2.17%, where as in the cortex of control patients, it is around 5.47% ± 0.83%. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in the ratio of DCX cells over total cells between parkinson's patients and control patients, both having around 5% of DCX cells. Discussion: There is a dramatic increase of DCX expression in AD (12.5%) compared to PD and controls (5.5%). The increase in DCX ratio in AD may have two potential causes: 1.The increased ratio is due to DCX cells being more resistant to degeneration compared to surrounding cells which are degenerating due to AD, leading to the cortical atrophy observed in AD patients. So the decrease of total cells without any change in the number of DCX cells makes the ratio bigger in AD compared to the controls. 2.The increased ratio is due to an actual increase in DCX cells. This means that there is some neural repair to compensate the degenerative process, just like the repair process observed in acute lesions to the brain. This second idea can be integrated in the broader point of view of neuroinflammation. The progression of the disease would trigger neuroinflammation and the process following the primary inflammatory response which is neural repair. So our study can show that the increase in DCX cells is an attempt to repair the degenerated neurons, in the context of neuroinflammation triggered by the physiopathological progression of the disease.

Recherches sur les substances nutritives que renferment les os, ou Mémoire sur les os provenant de la viande de boucherie, sur les moyens de les conserver, d'en extraire de la gélatine par la vapeur, etc. , par M. d'Arcet,... et Mémoire sur l'application spéciale de ce procédé à la nourriture des ouvriers... par M. A. de Puymaurin,...

Comprend : Mémoire sur l'application spéciale de ce procédé [extraction de la gélatine que renferment les os] à la nourriture des ouvriers de la Monnaie royale...

Catalogue d'effets précieux en pendules, girandoles, marbres, bronzes, secrétaires, armoires, tapisseries, etc. Dont la vente... se fera... le mercredi 28 août 1776...

[Vente (Art). 1776-08-28. Paris]