L’adaptation des services de santé à l’égard de personnes migrantes : cas des services infirmiers en première ligne

Comment s’adaptent des organisations lorsqu’elles font face à des changements qui les dépassent? De cette question a émergé une recherche voulant comprendre comment et pourquoi des organisations de santé décident d’adapter (ou non) leurs services aux besoins et aux caractéristiques des populations migrantes accueillies sur leur territoire. Pour y répondre, cette thèse s’est intéressée à la gouvernance multiniveaux appliquée aux organisations de santé fournissant des services à des populations migrantes. Dans un contexte de régionalisation de l’immigration, la dynamique du processus migratoire est de mieux en mieux documentée, mais les capacités organisationnelles d’adaptation le sont beaucoup moins. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cas multiples à l’aide d’entrevues semi-directives auprès d’acteurs provenant de deux CSSS montéregiens (région au sud de Montréal, Québec) et des paliers locaux, régionaux et nationaux. Les résultats de cette étude ont permis (1) de mettre en évidence les différents acteurs impliqués dans ce processus d’adaptation, dont des acteurs de connectivité; (2) de cerner huit leviers d’action, divisés en trois catégories de leviers : administratif, émergent et d’habilitation. La possible imbrication de ces trois catégories de leviers facilite l’apparition de structures de connectivité, légitimant ainsi l’adaptation de l’organisation; et (3) de montrer l’ambigüité de l’adaptation à travers des facteurs d’influence qui favorisent ou entravent le processus d’adaptation à plusieurs niveaux de la gouvernance. Cette thèse est construite autour de quatre articles. Le premier, de nature conceptuelle, permet de circonscrire les concepts d’adaptation et de gouvernance multiniveaux à travers la lentille des théories de la complexité. Nous campons ainsi notre sujet dans une problématique liée à la vulnérabilité et la migration tout en appréhendant l’adaptation du système et son opérationnalisation au niveau local. Il en ressort un cadre conceptuel avec six propositions de recherches. Le second article permet quant à lui de comprendre les jeux des acteurs au sein d’une organisation de santé et à travers son Environnement. Le rôle spécifique d’acteurs de connectivité y est révélé. C’est dans un troisième article que nous nous intéressons davantage aux différents leviers d’action, analysés selon trois catégories : administrative, émergente et d’habilitation. Les acteurs peuvent les solliciter afin de d’adapter leurs pratiques au contexte particulier de la prise en charge de patients migrants. Un passage des acteurs aux structures de connectivité est alors rendu possible via un espace : la gouvernance multiniveaux. Enfin, le quatrième et dernier article s’articule autour de l’analyse des différents facteurs pouvant influencer l’adaptation d’une organisation de santé, en lien avec son Environnement. Il en ressort principalement que les facteurs identifiés sont pour beaucoup des leviers d’action (cf. article3) qui à travers le temps, et par récursivité, deviennent des facteurs d’influence. De plus, le type d’interdépendance développé par les acteurs a tendance soit à façonner un Environnement « stable », laissant reposer les besoins d’adaptation sur les acteurs opérationnels; soit à façonner un Environnement plus « accidenté », reposant davantage sur des interactions diversifiées entre les acteurs d’une gouvernance multiniveaux. De cette adéquation avec l’Environnement à façonner découle l’ambigüité de s’adapter ou non pour une organisation.

Unlicensed personnel administering medications to older persons living at home : a challenge for social and care services

BACKGROUND: Administration of medication to care recipients is delegated to home-care assistants working in the municipal social care, alongside responsibility for providing personal assistance for older people. Home-care assistants have practical administration skills, but lack formal medical knowledge. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore how home-care assistants perceive administration of medication to older people living at home, as delegated to them in the context of social care. METHODS: Four focus groups consisting of 19 home-care assistants were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: According to home-care assistants, health and social care depends on delegation arrangements to function effectively, but in the first place it relieves a burden for district nurses. Even when the delegation had expired, administration of medication continued, placing the statutes of regulation in a subordinate position. There was low awareness among home-care assistants about the content of the statutes of delegation. Accepting delegation to administer medications has become an implicit prerequisite for social care work in the municipality. CONCLUSIONS: Accepting the delegation to administer medication was inevitable and routine. In practice, the regulating statute is made subordinate and consequently patient safety can be threatened. The organisation of health and social care relies on the delegation arrangement to meet the needs of a growing number of older home-care recipients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This is a crucial task which management within both the healthcare professions and municipal social care needs to address, to bridge the gap between statutes and practice, to create arenas for mutual collaboration in the care recipients' best interest and to ensure patient safety.

Production of nursing care in primary health care services

This descriptive and quantitative study aimed to characterize the production of nursing care in primary health care services in a region of the city of Ribeirao Preto, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study sample comprised care actions delivered by nurses and registered in the HygiaWeb Information System, from 2006 to 2009. Statistical analysis was performed. Results showed that nursing care delivered by nurses accounted for 9.5 to 14.6% of total professional care provided by professionals. Eventual care actions were the most frequent. The concentration of programmatic care was higher for children, women, pregnant and postpartum women. In conclusion, the predominance of eventual care demonstrated that the health system has been focused on acute conditions. Little of nursing work has been directed at the achievement of comprehensiveness, considering the inexpressive share of longitudinal follow up in total care delivery. The expansion of nursing staff represents potential for care delivery to the population, but further qualification of nursing actions is needed.

Nursing intervention in insulin administration: telephone follow-up

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the competency of people with diabetes mellitus to perform the insulin administration process, before and after telephone monitoring. METHODS: A quantitative, observational, longitudinal, comparative study. Participants were 26 people enrolled in the at-home capillary glycemia self-monitoring program. Data collection occurred in three phases, in January and February of 2010, for a period of 30 days for each person, by means of interview guided by a data collection instrument and an intervention manual. RESULTS: Of the 38 (100%) questions referring to the insulin administration process, telephone monitoring was demonstrated to be efficient in 30 (78.9%), but in 19 (50%) the intervention was statistically significant (p<0.05), in 11 (28.9%) there were no errors in responses to the final competency evaluation, and seven (18.4%) were not amenable to intervention. CONCLUSION: Telephone mornitoring was effective, as a nursing intervention strategy for the insulin administration process in the home.

The Provision and Use of Mental Health Services in Nursing Homes: Results from the National Medical Expenditure Survey

Data from the Institutional Population Component of the National Medical Expenditure Survey were used to provide national estimates of annual mental health service provision and use in nursing homes. In addition, the relationship between service provision and setting characteristics such as ownership, size, Medicaid certification, and chain status was examined. Although more than three quarters of residents with a mental disorder resided at a nursing home that provided counseling services, fewer than one fifth actually received any mental health services within the year.

Mental Health Services for Nursing Home Residents: What Will It Cost?

The Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 requires nursing homes to provide basic mental health services for all residents and to give active mental health treatment, a set of specialized mental health services, to those residents who are admitted with a serious mental illness. This article examines the potential size of the nursing home population who will require mental health services, its demographic composition, and the facilities in which these individuals reside using the Institutional Population Component of the National Medical Expenditure Survey. Estimates of the potential costs of providing monthly psychotherapy and pharmacological management to this population in nursing homes indicate that the mandate will have significant financial effects on nursing facilities. Conclusions about how the requirements for maintaining the mental and psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents may affect the future of nursing home care and mental health care are considered.

Determinants of the Use of Specialist Mental Health Services by Nursing Home Residents

This study examines the effects of resident and facility characteristics on the probability of nursing home residents receiving treatment by mental health professionals.

Use of Mental Health Services by Persons With A Mental Illness in Nursing Facilities: Initial Impacts of OBRA87.

To identify mental health service use patterns in nursing facilities subsequent to nursing home reforms in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987.

Better planning and management needed by the Veterans Administration to improve use of specialized medical services; report to the Congress,

Publication date stamped on t.p.

Allocation of uranium enrichment services to fuel foreign and domestic nuclear reactors, Energy Research and Development Administration, Department of State : report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives /

Publication date stamped on cover.

Supplemental security income overpayments to Medicaid nursing home residents can be reduced, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, Health Care Financing Administration : report to the Congress /

Supt. of Docs. no. : GA 1.13:HRD-77-131

A guide for studying the utilization of nursing service personnel in Veterans Administration hospitals.

Cover title.

Legal Services Corporation [microform] : activities of the chairman and replacement of the president : hearing before the Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 4, 1988.

"Serial no. 106."

Sheltered care and home services for public assistance recipients : with a note on methods of conducting studies of public assistance administration.

"Selected reading references" : pages 143-149.