Tumor Fibroso Localizado Maligno da Pleura

Os autores apresentam um caso de tumor fibroso localizado na pleura, maligno, com dimensões gigantes: 26x14x12 cm e P=1,25 Kg, de um doente de sexo feminino de 56 anos. O tumor ocupava praticamente os 2/3 inferiores do campo pulmonar direito com uma inserção invulgar na pleura parietal diafragmática não pediculado e com características histológicas malignas. O diagnóstico de tumor fibroso localizado na pleura, foi feito no material obtido por punção aspirativa por agulha fina. O estudo imunocitoquímico realizado posteriormente na peça operatória confirmou o diagnóstico feito na citologia aspirativa. A avaliação da malignidade só foi feita no exame histológico da peça operatória, utilizando os critérios histológicos de alta celularidade, pleomorfismo celular, actividade mitótica (mais de quatro mitoses em dez campos de grande ampliação do microscópio), áreas de hemorragia e de necrose.

Cistadenocarcinoma do Ovário. A Propósito de um Caso Clínico

Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma doente de 49 anos, internada por poliadenopatias e sintomatologia respiratória, cujo diagnóstico definitivo de cistadenocarcinoma seroso do ovário, foi efectuado através do exame necrópsico. O quadro clínico era dominado por extensa invasão linfática predominantemente supradiafragmática, apresentação não habitual deste tipo de neoplasia.

Human papillomavirus status and cervical abnormalities in women from public and private health care in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This article reports the HPV status and cervical cytological abnormalities in patients attended at public and private gynecological services from Rio de Janeiro State. It also comments the performance of each HPV DNA tests used. A set of 454 women from private health clinics was tested by routine Capture Hybrid II HPV DNA assay. Among these, 58.4% presented HPV and nearly 90% of them were infected by high risk HPV types. However, this group presented few premalignant cervical lesions and no invasive cervical cancer was registered. We also studied 220 women from low income class attended at public health system. They were HPV tested by polymerase chain reaction using My09/11 primers followed by HPV typing with E6 specific primers. The overall HPV prevalence was 77.3%. They also showed a high percentage of high squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL (26.3%), and invasive cervical carcinoma (16.3%). HPV infection was found in 93.1% and 94.4% of them, respectively. The mean ages in both groups were 31.5 and 38 years, respectively. In series 1, HPV prevalence declined with age, data consistent with viral transient infection. In series 2, HPV prevalence did not decline, independent of age interval, supporting not only the idea of viral persistence into this group, but also regional epidemiological variations in the same geographic area. Significant cytological differences were seen between both groups. Normal and benign cases were the most prevalent cytological findings in series 1 while pre-malignant lesions were the most common diagnosis in the series 2. HPV prevalence in normal cases were statistically higher than those from series 1 (p < 0.001), indicating a higher exposure to HPV infection. Women from both samples were referred for previous abnormal cytology. However, socio-demographic evidence shows that women from series 1 have access to treatment more easily and faster than women from series 2 before the development of pre-malignant lesions. These data provides baseline support for the role of social inequalities linked to high risk HPV infection leading to cervical cancer. Broadly screening programs and the development of safe and effective vaccines against HPV would diminish the toll of this disease that affect mainly poor women.

Derrame Pericárdico Recidivante. Um Caso de Angiosarcoma Cardíaco

A case of angiosarcoma of the right atrium in a 59-year-old woman is reported, presenting as a recurrent hematic pericardial effusion. The usefulness of echocardiography in making the diagnosis is emphasized. The tumor was already disseminated at the time of the diagnosis. The patient was on palliative therapy, dying a few months later. The histological examination was done at autopsy. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosis and the various modalities available for an accurate diagnosis of a rare clinical entity. It has a rapid and aggressive course with a very poor prognosis.

Infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite B em Doentes Sujeitos a Terapêutica Imunossupressora ou Quimioterapia Citotóxica. A Propósito de um Caso Clínico

A reactivação do vírus da hepatite B em doentes com neoplasias hematológicas é uma complicação frequente da quimioterapia ou da terapêutica imunomoduladora. Os autores descrevem o caso dum doente com linfoma não-Hodgkin e história de infecção passada pelo VHB que desenvolveu hepatite fulminante após quimioterapia. Os mecanismos de reactivação do VHB são discutidos e as recomendações sobre profilaxia são apresentadas.

Metastização Pulmonar na Apresentação de Angiossarcoma Cardíaco. Caso Clínico e Discussão

Apresenta-se um caso clínico referente a doente de 35 anos, do sexo masculino sem antecedentes pessoais relevantes, admitido no serviço de urgência por quadro de toracalgia e tosse produtiva com alterações electrocardiográficas sugestivas de pericardite. Inicialmente admitido pelo Serviço de Cardiologia, com melhoria do quadro clínico após terapêutica anti- -inflamatória; contudo, no internamento houve como intercorrência pneumonia de provável etiologia bacteriana, complicada por derrame pleural. Após a alta,foi referenciado à consulta de pneumologia, onde se manteve o estudo etiológico do derrame persistente, tendo vindo a complicar-se o seu quadro com alterações das cavidades cardíacas e múltiplos nódulos pulmonares, sugestivos de endocardite subaguda com embolização séptica pulmonar. Internado no serviço de Pneumologia e submetido a videotoracoscopia, foi-lhe diagnosticado angiossarcoma cardíaco com metastização pulmonar. Assistiu-se a uma rápida evolução do quadro clínico, quase fulminante, com falência cardíaca e óbito do doente sem ter iniciado radioterapia ou quimioterapia adjuvante.

Primary Angiosarcoma of the Pericardium. Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary cardiac tumours are rare entities and angiosarcoma is the most frequent primary cardiac malignant tumour. Mean survival is six months and the tumour responds poorly to chemotherapy. We present the case of a 50 year-old patient with localised pericardial angiosarcoma who survived 23 months after diagnosis with a combined approach of chemotherapy and surgery.

Mitral Valve Myxomas: an Unusual Entity

Primary tumours of the heart are uncommon entities, cardiac myxomas being the most frequent. However, mitral valve myxomas are exceptionally rare. In the last 12 years, there have been 25 myxomas diagnosed at our institution, with only two of them originating from the mitral valve. Both patients were female, the first, 25, and the second, 72 years old. The younger patient was very symptomatic with a large mass, 4 cm long, which involved both leaflets causing significant obstruction to the left ventricular inflow. The second one had a smaller mass located at the atrial side of the posterior leaflet that only produced some flow divergence. Neither of them had constitutional nor embolic symptoms. Both patients were submitted to emergent surgical resection that in the first case involved the mitral valve and replacement with mechanical prosthesis. The macroscopic appearance of these tumours suggested a malignant aetiology which may represent somewhat different features of the myxomas when originating from the cardiac valves. Both patients are well reflecting the good prognosis of this illness after resection, although the younger patient was re-operated because of prosthetic valve obstruction and suspicion of recurrence that was not confirmed. Because of the illustrative images and different presentations, we found it interesting to report and discuss them together.

Pólipos Gástricos Como Rara Forma de Apresentação de Metástase Gástrica de Melanoma

Doente de 74 anos, sexo masculino, com dor epigástrica, associada a náuseas, anorexia e emagrecimento marcado (20 kg num mês). Antecedentes pessoais de melanoma excisado. No exame objectivo constatou-se: adenopatia supraclavicular esquerda, aderente aos planos profundos, de consistência pétrea, não dolorosa. No decurso da investigação realizou tomografia computorizada toraco-abdomino-pélvica que demonstrou: extensa disseminação hepática com pequenas imagens hipodensas e hipocaptantes. Realizou endoscopia digestiva alta que revelou: hérnia hiatal e nesta, pólipo gástrico, séssil, com 5 mm; mucosa do corpo e antro com múltiplos pólipos sésseis com dimensões entre 2 e 4 mm, erosionados que se biopsaram. O exame anatomopatológico das biópsias gástricas revelou: fragmentos de mucosa gástrica com infiltração compatível com metástase de melanoma.

Upper Eyelid Reconstruction With a Horizontal V-Y Myotarsocutaneous Advancement Flap

Upper eyelid tumours, particularly basal cell carcinomas, are relatively frequent. Surgical ablation of these lesions creates defects of variable complexity. Although several options are available for lower eyelid reconstruction, fewer surgical alternatives exist for upper eyelid reconstruction. Large defects of this region are usually reconstructed with two-step procedures. In 1997, Okada et al. described a horizontal V-Y myotarsocutaneous advancement flap for reconstruction of a large upper eyelid defect in a single operative time. However, no further studies were published regarding the use of this particular flap in upper eyelid reconstruction. In addition, this flap is not described in most plastic surgery textbooks. The authors report here their experience of 16 cases of horizontal V-Y myotarsocutaneous advancement flaps used to reconstruct full-thickness defects of the upper eyelid after tumour excision. The tumour histological types were as follows: 12 basal cell carcinomas, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinomas, 1 case of sebaceous cell carcinoma and 1 of malignant melanoma. This technique allowed closure of defects of up to 60% of the eyelid width. None of the flaps suffered necrosis. The mean operative time was 30 min. No additional procedures were necessary as good functional and cosmetic results were achieved in all cases. No recurrences were noted. In this series, the horizontal V-Y myotarsocutaneous advancement flap proved to be a technically simple, reliable and expeditious option for reconstruction of full-thickness upper eyelid defects (as wide as 60% of the eyelid width) in a single operative procedure. In the future this technique may become the preferential option for such defects.

Granulomas do Pénis - Uma Complicação Rara da Terapia Intravesical com Bacilo Calmette-Guérin

A imunoterapia com o Bacilo Calmette-Guérin é amplamente usada no tratamento e profilaxia da neoplasia urotelial superficial. As complicações associadas ao tratamento são comuns. Os autores relatam um caso de inflamação granulomatosa do pênis, associada à terapia intravesical com Bacilo Calmette-Guérin, com múltiplos nódulos eritematosos indolores localizados na glande. É também efetuada uma revisão da literatura. A balanopostite granulomatosa é uma complicação rara associada à imunoterapia com Bacilo Calmette-Guérin, com uma apresentação clinicamente heterogênea que pode dificultar o diagnóstico. O seu reconhecimento clínico é essencial para o início precoce de tuberculostáticos e interrupção de Bacilo Calmette-Guérin.