1000 resultados para Multi-modelos
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
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This article addresses the problem of obtaining reduced complexity models of multi-reach water delivery canals that are suitable for robust and linear parameter varying (LPV) control design. In the first stage, by applying a method known from the literature, a finite dimensional rational transfer function of a priori defined order is obtained for each canal reach by linearizing the Saint-Venant equations. Then, by using block diagrams algebra, these different models are combined with linearized gate models in order to obtain the overall canal model. In what concerns the control design objectives, this approach has the advantages of providing a model with prescribed order and to quantify the high frequency uncertainty due to model approximation. A case study with a 3-reach canal is presented, and the resulting model is compared with experimental data. © 2014 IEEE.
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Traditional vertically integrated power utilities around the world have evolved from monopoly structures to open markets that promote competition among suppliers and provide consumers with a choice of services. Market forces drive the price of electricity and reduce the net cost through increased competition. Electricity can be traded in both organized markets or using forward bilateral contracts. This article focuses on bilateral contracts and describes some important features of an agent-based system for bilateral trading in competitive markets. Special attention is devoted to the negotiation process, demand response in bilateral contracting, and risk management. The article also presents a case study on forward bilateral contracting: a retailer agent and a customer agent negotiate a 24h-rate tariff. © 2014 IEEE.
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A previsão das concentrações de ozono troposférico é importante devido aos impactos deste poluente na saúde humana e na vegetação. Neste contexto, o objectivo principal deste trabalho é a previsão de ozono na região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, através de métodos estatísticos com base em dados horários do próprio dia, para cada estação. A previsão foi dividida entre avaliação instantânea (previsão baseada em dados momentâneos) recorrendo a árvores de regressão, e previsão horária para um período horário de previsão específico (13:00 -17:00 horas UTC) utilizando modelos de regressão linear. A Avaliação instantânea foi dividida entre análise espacial e análise meteorológica e de precursores. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de dados de 2000 a 2005. No caso da previsão horária utilizaram-se, na fase de validação, dados de 2006. Concluiu-se que, para a avaliação instantânea, a análise espacial apresenta melhores resultados do que a meteorológica. Os modelos de regressão elaborados, para a previsão horária apresentam bons resultados na fase de treino, mas os índices de performance demonstram resultados menos bons na fase de validação. No geral, estes podem ser considerados bons a explicar o comportamento do ozono, contudo menos rigorosos na previsão de excedências. Foi constatada a existência de uma tendência geral para um decréscimo do coeficiente de determinação e um aumento do erro padrão ao longo do período de previsão. Assim os coeficientes de determinação mais elevados e os erros padrão menores verificam-se às 13:00 e o contrário verifica-se às 17:00 horas UTC.
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This paper studies a discrete dynamical system of interacting particles that evolve by interacting among them. The computational model is an abstraction of the natural world, and real systems can range from the huge cosmological scale down to the scale of biological cell, or even molecules. Different conditions for the system evolution are tested. The emerging patterns are analysed by means of fractal dimension and entropy measures. It is observed that the population of particles evolves towards geometrical objects with a fractal nature. Moreover, the time signature of the entropy can be interpreted at the light of complex dynamical systems.
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado elaborado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pelo Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa no âmbito do protocolo de Cooperação entre o ISEL e o LNEC
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Esta dissertação tem por fim o estudo de algoritmos que permitem efectuar uma visita guiada a um modelo volumétrico. A visita guiada permite ao utilizador observar todas as partes relevantes do modelo. Assim, expõe-se como seleccionar de forma automática as posições que melhor permitem observar as partes relevantes. Dadas essas posições, mostra-se como criar um percurso que passe por todas elas. O esforço exigido ao utilizador, durante a visita guiada, face à metodologia aplicada, é o mínimo possível, como se este estivesse numa plataforma móvel e alguém empurrasse essa plataforma. Liberto de todas as preocupações associadas à sua deslocação, o utilizador poderá concentrar-se apenas na observação do modelo. É também abordado o caso particular da visita guiada a um modelo representativo de um museu de pintura. As técnicas estudadas são implementadas, tendo sido criado um protótipo que permite efectuar uma visita guiada ao museu. Nessa visita guiada, as peças expostas, que são as partes relevantes do museu, são visualizadas da melhor forma possível, ou seja, de maneira a que sua dimensão e o contexto em que estão inseridas sejam perceptíveis para o utilizador.
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Collective behaviours can be observed in both natural and man-made systems composed of a large number of elemental subsystems. Typically, each elemental subsystem has its own dynamics but, whenever interaction between individuals occurs, the individual behaviours tend to be relaxed, and collective behaviours emerge. In this paper, the collective behaviour of a large-scale system composed of several coupled elemental particles is analysed. The dynamics of the particles are governed by the same type of equations but having different parameter values and initial conditions. Coupling between particles is based on statistical feedback, which means that each particle is affected by the average behaviour of its neighbours. It is shown that the global system may unveil several types of collective behaviours, corresponding to partial synchronisation, characterised by the existence of several clusters of synchronised subsystems, and global synchronisation between particles, where all the elemental particles synchronise completely.
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Kinematic redundancy occurs when a manipulator possesses more degrees of freedom than those required to execute a given task. Several kinematic techniques for redundant manipulators control the gripper through the pseudo-inverse of the Jacobian, but lead to a kind of chaotic inner motion with unpredictable arm configurations. Such algorithms are not easy to adapt to optimization schemes and, moreover, often there are multiple optimization objectives that can conflict between them. Unlike single optimization, where one attempts to find the best solution, in multi-objective optimization there is no single solution that is optimum with respect to all indices. Therefore, trajectory planning of redundant robots remains an important area of research and more efficient optimization algorithms are needed. This paper presents a new technique to solve the inverse kinematics of redundant manipulators, using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. This scheme combines the closed-loop pseudo-inverse method with a multi-objective genetic algorithm to control the joint positions. Simulations for manipulators with three or four rotational joints, considering the optimization of two objectives in a workspace without and with obstacles are developed. The results reveal that it is possible to choose several solutions from the Pareto optimal front according to the importance of each individual objective.
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Mestrado em Fiscalidade
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Mestrado em Contabilidade e Análise Financeira
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Componentised systems, in particular those with fault confinement through address spaces, are currently emerging as a hot topic in embedded systems research. This paper extends the unified rate-based scheduling framework RBED in several dimensions to fit the requirements of such systems: we have removed the requirement that the deadline of a task is equal to its period. The introduction of inter-process communication reflects the need to communicate. Additionally we also discuss server tasks, budget replenishment and the low level details needed to deal with the physical reality of systems. While a number of these issues have been studied in previous work in isolation, we focus on the problems discovered and lessons learned when integrating solutions. We report on our experiences implementing the proposed mechanisms in a commercial grade OKL4 microkernel as well as an application with soft real-time and best-effort tasks on top of it.
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We consider the problem of scheduling a multi-mode real-time system upon identical multiprocessor platforms. Since it is a multi-mode system, the system can change from one mode to another such that the current task set is replaced with a new task set. Ensuring that deadlines are met requires not only that a schedulability test is performed on tasks in each mode but also that (i) a protocol for transitioning from one mode to another is specified and (ii) a schedulability test for each transition is performed. We propose two protocols which ensure that all the expected requirements are met during every transition between every pair of operating modes of the system. Moreover, we prove the correctness of our proposed algorithms by extending the theory about the makespan determination problem.
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O artigo faz uma breve sistematização dos modelos de atenção em saúde, enfatiza o papel do inquérito populacional como instrumento de gestão e analisa o caso específico da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SBBrasil 2010), ressaltando a sua contribuição no processo de consolidação de modelos de atenção compatíveis com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. Ainda que no plano legal o Sistema Único de Saúde corresponda a um modelo de atenção em saúde, no plano concreto das políticas públicas e das ações, o sistema dá origem a um modelo que resulta não de textos jurídicos nem de formulações teóricas, mas da práxis dos agentes envolvidos. Considerando que a gestão do cotidiano em saúde é um espaço privilegiado e prioritário para a produção e consolidação dos modelos de atenção à saúde, é necessário estimular e apoiar o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e operacionais diferentes daquelas necessárias à gerência dos cuidados relacionados às demandas individuais.
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We discuss the development of a simple globally prioritized multi-channel medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless networks. This protocol provides “hard” pre-run-time real-time guarantees to sporadic message streams, exploits a very large fraction of the capacity of all channels for “hard” real-time traffic and also makes it possible to fully utilize the channels with non real-time traffic when hard real-time messages do not request to be transmitted. The potential of such protocols for real-time applications is discussed and a schedulability analysis is also presented.