781 resultados para Maxim gun.


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电子加速器作为一种工业化设备已经在各个领域得到了广泛的应用,它的内部控制电路工作在高电压环境中,尤其是高电压端存在的各种干扰对其稳定性影响很大,使得高压端的控制显得很困难,由于以往使用的高压端控制电路常常发生损坏,因此本文就高压端控制进行了讨论,并从原理和元器件设计方面考虑来解决这些问题。本文对大功率谐振式电子加速器的用途、工作原理以及总体结构做了简要的介绍,同时主要阐述了电子加速器电子枪注入控制系统的原理设计、总体结构以及实验结果。本文对以往使用的控制回路在高压端工作时其存在的问题进行了分析,比较了两种方案的优缺点,主要从电路的抗干扰和抗电流冲击以及稳定性出发对电路的各个部分进行了合理的设计,重点对组成电路的各个单元进行了详细的原理介绍和设计计算,而且对整个系统进行了SIM 99仿真,得到了合理的结果,与实验过程中所测数据完全一致。通过对电路的实际调试和分析可以看出该系统比旧系统在抗干扰和可靠性方面有大幅度的提高

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近年来,辐照加工技术及产品已经在农业、材料、电工、电子、医疗、食品等行业得到应用和发展,与相关行业结合为推动传统产业的技术改造方面发挥了独特的作用。为了适应生产的需要,本文在实验室设备的基础上对长灯丝电子枪的设计与控制进行了分析和尝试。加速器的外部结构是加速器在正常运行的基本保证,本文在对击穿电场计算的基础上给出了加速器外部结构设计的尺寸,对于影响束流纵向分布的主要因素—长灯丝的下垂,本文给出了其挠度的计算公式,并根据灯丝的物理特性和发射电子的冷端效应对其约束条件进行了分析,给出了灯丝约束的基本模型。栅压值的大小与栅极缝的大小是束流引出的重要环节,本文通过对简化模型的束流光学计算,分析了束流引出大小的原因。通过对被控对象—束流的分析,我们采用了传统的PID与微分先行控制器结合的控制算法对束流进行控制,在实验室条件得以实现。并对束流传动装置在辐照剂量的限制下实现了动态控制。控制软件设计主要讨论了Windows操作系统的特点及在其下实现实时性的方法,采用面向对象的编程方法提高了程序的可读性,可移植性和可维护性。

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电子帘加速器是一种七十年代产生的低能大功率工业辐照用电子加速器,现已广泛应用到涂层固化、像胶硫化、杀菌消毒等领域。本文对电子帘加速导电子枪的束流传输待性进行了分析。 作为对电子帘加速器设计理论的一种探索,本文首先由负载束流强度佑计灯丝温度,然后根据反射极的电容器简化模型导出了悬浮电位随时间的演化方程,数值计算显示其电位值在48小时内交化很小。对于栅极缝的透镜效应,本文由一定的近似导出了栅极缝附近的电位分布解析表达式,从而计算出电子束从电子枪到加速腔的轨迹。对于影响束流纵向分布的主要因素——长灯丝的下垂,本文给出了其挠度公式并提出了一种理想的边界约束模型,以减小灯丝的挠度。 根据上途理论及一些假设,本文改交电子枪各参数计算了26种情况的束流包络及横向分布,从负载部分的大小和均匀性两方面比较选择出一种较理想的电子枪结构.同时对原电子枪进行了校核,从理论上解释了其实验中出现的问题‘ 实脸测试表明新电子枪的束流纵向均匀度为士10%。均匀性及加热比功率等性能均优于原电子枪。 最后,对电子帘加速器毛子枪将来的发展的几个问题给出了一些建议。

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CeF3 and lutetium-doped CeF3 nanoparticles with the dopant concentration of 17, 25, 30, 42 and 50 mol% (molar ratio, Lu/Ce) were synthesized. XRD patterns were indexed to a pure CeF3 hexagonal phase even under the dopant concentration of 50 mol%. Environmental scanning electron microscopy-field emission gun (ESEM-FEG) was used to characterize the morphology of the final products. From the luminescence spectra of the products, we can get a broad emission ranging from 290 to 400 nm with peak at 325 nm. Lutetium-doping increases the luminescence intensity. We got. the most intense luminescence at the dopant concentration of 30 mol%.

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In this work, a novel substitutional solid solution (W0.8Al0.2)C was synthesized by mechanically activated high-temperature reaction. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification during the whole reaction process. Environment scanning electronic microscopy-field emission gun and energy dispersive x-ray were used to investigate the microstructure and the quantitative material composition of the specimen. (W(0.8)A(10.2))C was found to crystallize in the WC-type, and the cell parameters were a = 2.907(1) angstrom and c = 2.837(1) angstrom. The hardness of (W0.8Al0.2)C was tested to be 19.3 +/- 1 GPa, and the density was 13.19 +/- 0.05 g cm(-3).

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A human acidic fibroblast growth factor gene, hafgf, was successfully transferred into Laminaria japonica (kelp) gametophytes via microprojectile bombardment using the biolistic PDS-1000/He gene gun. Following phosphinothricin screening, PCR detection and Southern blot analysis, transgenic L. japonica gametophytes were cultivated in an illuminated bubble-column bioreactor to optimize growth conditions. A maximal final dry cell density of 1,695 mg l(-1) was obtained in a batch culture having an initial dry cell density of 129.75 mg l(-1). This was achieved using an aeration rate of 1.08 l air min(-1) l(-1) culture in a medium containing 1.5 mM inorganic nitrate and 0.15 mM phosphate. In addition, the relationship between different nitrogen sources and growth of transgenic gametophytes indicated that both urea and sodium nitrate were effective nitrogen sources for cell growth, while ammonium ions inhibited growth of these gametophytes.

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对蓼科(Polygonaceae)植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.)染色体核型进行了研究.结果表明,唐古特大黄体细胞染色体数目为2n=22;核型公式为K(2n)=22=20 m+2 sm,核型为"1A"型,少数细胞中发现有随体存在.

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目的对蓼科(Polygonaceae)植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim、ex Balf.)染色体核型进行研究。方法采用常规压片方法,并结合显微摄影对染色体进行检测分析。结果唐古特大黄体细胞染色体数目为2n=22;核型公式为K(2n)=22=20m+2sm,核型为“1A”型。结论唐古特大黄染色体的核型属于较原始的类型。

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1 植物名称 山莨菪[Anisodustanguticus(Maxim.)Pascher],别名甘青山莨菪。 2材料类别休眠芽(春季取材)。[第一段]

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1植物名称麻花艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim.),又名麻花秦艽,藏药中称为"解吉嘎保".2材料类别幼嫩叶子.3培养条件愈伤组织诱导培养基:(1)MS+2,4-D3.0 mg•L-1(单位下同);(2)MS+2,4-D 3.0+KT 1.0.继代培养基:(3)MS+2,4-D 1.0+6-BA 0.5+NAA 0.5.分化培养基:(4)MS+NAA 1.0+6-BA 2.0+ZT 3.0.以上培养基均附加CH(水解酪蛋白)300、肌醇200、3%蔗糖、5 g•L-1琼脂粉,pH 5.8.培养温度为(25±1)℃,光源为日光灯,光强为30~60μmol•m-2•s-1,光照时间12 h•d-1.

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麻花秦艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim.)具有清热利胆、舒筋止痛之功效,是一种治疗风湿性关节炎、肺结核、低热盗汗、黄疸型肝炎等的珍稀藏药草本植物。笔者系统阐述了近年来该植物的研究进展,并对其研究方向进行了展望,为该物种资源的进一步有效开发利用提供参考。

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报道了青藏高原地区的点地梅属Androsace L.及羽叶点地梅属Pomatosace Maxim.共14种29个居群的ITS与trnL-F DNA序列各27与25条;并结合已报道相关种类的有关序列,构建了"点地梅群"的分子系统发育树.研究发现"点地梅群"的4个属为一单系类群,含有两个稳定的分支:一支全部由点地梅属的种类组成,另一支分别由羽叶点地梅属、Douglasia Lindley、Vitaliana Sesler和9种点地梅属植物组成;点地梅属裂叶组sect. Samuelia Schlechtd.的3个种与点地梅组sect. Androsace的2个种在3套序列分析中位于不同的系统位置.各分支基部的种都分布在中国东南部及青藏高原东部,分子地理标记的结果支持形态学提出该地区为"点地梅群"植物起源地的假设.从青藏高原东部地区向欧洲及其他北半球地区存在不同时期内多个进化支的多次扩散.粗略的时间估算表明该群植物可能是在第三纪的中新世以来才开始发生的.垫状种类分别在青藏高原和欧洲独立起源,而在青藏高原地区的分化要早于在欧洲的分化,在前一地区可能与青藏高原自中新世开始发生的造山运动、形成高海拔的山地有关,而在后一地区则是与第三纪末至第四纪的冰期气候反复波动有关.垫状植物在青藏高原上的大规模分布则可能较晚,与冰期结束后全新世晚期气候再次变冷有关.一些物种种

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试验选用唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Regel.)种子萌发的无菌苗及无菌苗子叶、下胚轴、胚根和幼根作为材料,研究唐古特大黄不同外植体的离体培养技术.结果表明,唐古特大黄的无菌苗和无菌苗子叶、下胚轴、胚根和幼根都可以作为离体培养的良好外植体.唐古特大黄的最适分化培养基是:B5+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 3 mg/L;最适生根培养基是:1/2 MS+NAA 1 mg/L+3%蔗糖或1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖;愈伤组织诱导培养基是:MS+2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L.

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Floral organogenesis and development of Przeivalskia langutica Maxim, endemic to China and Hyoscyamus niger L. , which belong to the tribe Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae), were studied using scanning electron microscope. They have three common characters of floral organ initiation and development: 1) initia-tion of the floral organs in the two species follows Hofmeister's rule; 2) the mode of corolla tube development belongs to the "late sympetaly" type; 3) primordia of the floral appendages initiated in a pentameroua pattern and acropetal order. But initiation of the calyx-lobe primordia showed different modes in these two species. The calyx-lobe primordia of H, niger have simultaneously whorled initiation, while those of P, tangulica have helical initiation, but the five calyx-lobe primordia form a ring after all five calyx-lobe primordia occur. The systematic significance of the present results in the genera Hyoscyamus and Przeivalskia is discussed in this paper.